• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• 제45권1호
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• pp.123-130
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• 2003

수소 육성과 비육단계에서 필요로 하는 유지에너지 요구량을 구하기 위해 체중 100kg에서 400kg까지 100kg 증체 간격(100, 200, 300, 400 kg)으로 각 9두를 이용한 3처리(에너지 급여수준) 3반복의 에너지 균형 시험을 수행하였다. 에너지 급여수준은 대사에너지(Metabolizable energy; ME)로 1) 유지에너지 수준(Maintenance, 1.0M), 2) 유지에너지의 1.5배(1.5M), 3) 유지에너지의 2배(2.0M)을 섭취 할 수 있도록 1일 사료급여량을 정하였고, 조사료와 농후사료의 비율은 40:60을 유지하였다. 이와 같은 시험 설계를 기초로 각 체중별로 국내에서 주로 이용되는 볏짚(실험 I), 목건초(실험 II), 옥수수 사일리지(실험 III)의 조사료가 다른 조건에서의 유지에너지 요구량을 구하였다. 체중별 MEm은 체중 100kg시 99.80 kcal/ MBS로 가장 높았던 반면 체중 200kg시 가장낮아 94.48 kcal/$W^{0.75}$였고, Kg의 경우 0.36-0.57의 범위에 있었다. 체중별 성적을 종합 분석한 결과, 유지를 위한 대사에너지(MEm)는 95.80kcal, 증체를 위한 대사에너지 이용효율(Kg)은 0.44로 평가되어졌다.

• 한국건축시공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국건축시공학회 2014년도 춘계 학술논문 발표대회
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• pp.10-11
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• 2014

Energy load of building affected by insulation performance of building's exterior. and insulation system can be classify interior insulation, exterior insulation, sandwich insulation according to install place of insulation. but within interior insulation system, corner wall and the cross outer wall-slab insulation part may occur thermal bridges. And then, within exterior insulation system is more superior insulation performance than interior insulation, but it has difficult to apply, easily broken at high building because of strong wind load. And also difficult to maintenance exterior insulation system. So, in this study, to found requirement performance of cast-in-place sandwich insulation system that is superior insulation performance and easy construction and maintenance. requirement performance of cast-in-place sandwich insulation system is 1) To avoid thermal bridges in the insulation performance, 2) Both sides concrete wall can be composite action in the structural performance. Because of this study, can develops cast-in-place sandwich insulation system and this insulation system contribute to improve insulation performance of apartment-house and high building.

• 비파괴검사학회지
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.171-179
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• 2004

가동중검사와 보수는 원자력발전소의 원자로계통설계에서 매우 중요한 설계개념이다. 액체금속로 KALIMER의 가동성 검증을 위해서 기계계통 설계에 가동중검사와 보수개념이 반영되어야 한다. 본 연구에서는 KALIMER 의 안전성과 신뢰성을 확보하기 위하여 KALIMER의 개념설계 단계에 필요한 가동중검사와 보수의 기본개념을 설정하였다. 액체금속로 가동중검사 규정인 ASME Section XI Division 3를 반영하고 KALIMER의 설계특성을 고려하여 원자로계통과 주요부품의 가동중검사와 보수에 대한 방법과 요건을 설계하고 기술하였다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제16권5호
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• pp.685-692
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• 2003

Information on nutrient requirements and forage intake of fallow weaner deer is required for the development of feeding strategies during the year. An experiment was conducted in which 60 fallow weaner deer (grazing on medic and ryegrass based pastures) were supplemented with a concentrated diet at three levels. The diet contained 2% minerals, 30% lupin and 68% barley grain. Twelve deer from each treatment were dosed with commercial alkane capsules in May, June, July, September and October to predict nutrient intake. The relationships between body weight gain and intake of metabolisable energy and crude protein were established using a general linear models analysis. Dry matter intake from pastures ranged from 0.137 kg to 0.304 kg in May and June and increased to 1.2 kg in October. Nutrient intake from pastures was strongly influenced by amount of supplementary feed and gender. Digestible energy intake from pastures was 1.3, 3.8 and 6.1 MJ/day higher for males than females in July, August and October, respectively. The protein and energy intake was strongly correlated with body weight gain. The energy requirement for maintenance were 7.3, 8.2, 10.2, 10.2 and 10.7 MJ DE/day and the DE required for each kg body weight gain were 19, 18, 29, 34 and 49 MJ in May, June, August and October, respectively. The protein requirement for maintenance was 12.2, 12.6, 15.0, 11.4 and $8.5g/W^{0.75}$ in May, June, July, August and October, respectively. The nutrient requirement defined from this study can be used to assist farmers to explore the possible pasture and stock management practices under southern Australian conditions. However, further research is required to develop rapid and cheap methods for estimating dry matter intake, nutritive value of pastures and to quantify the potential growth rate of fallow deer in southern Australia.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제26권9호
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• pp.1205-1217
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• 2013

Pigs require energy for maintenance and productive purposes, and an accurate amount of available energy in feeds should be provided according to their energy requirement. Available energy in feeds for pigs has been characterized as DE, ME, or NE by considering sequential energy losses during digestion and metabolism from GE in feeds. Among these energy values, the NE system has been recognized as providing energy values of ingredients and diets that most closely describes the available energy to animals because it takes the heat increment from digestive utilization and metabolism of feeds into account. However, NE values for diets and individual ingredients are moving targets, and therefore, none of the NE systems are able to accurately predict truly available energy in feeds. The DE or ME values for feeds are important for predicting NE values, but depend on the growth stage of pigs (i.e., BW) due to the different abilities of nutrient digestion, especially for dietary fiber. The NE values are also influenced by both environment that affects NE requirement for maintenance ($NE_m$) and the growth stage of pigs that differs in nutrient utilization (i.e., protein vs. lipid synthesis) in the body. Therefore, the interaction among animals, environment, and feed characteristics should be taken into consideration for advancing feed energy evaluation. A more mechanistic approach has been adopted in Denmark as potential physiological energy (PPE) for feeds, which is based on the theoretical biochemical utilization of energy in feeds for pigs. The PPE values are, therefore, believed to be independent of animals and environment. This review provides an overview over current knowledge on energy utilization and energy evaluation systems in feeds for growing pigs.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제1권2호
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• pp.61-63
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• 1988

A total of 38 energy balance trials were done for calves fed a liquid milk replacer, calf starter and second cut mixed hay. Milk replacer supplied 81% of the total dietary energy. Live weight of calves averaged 54.1 (S.D 6.2) kg and daily gain 0.37 (${\pm}0.23$)kg. The metabolizability of gross energy averaged 0.822. A regression was calculated relating energy retention (ER, $kJ/kg^{0.75}$) to the intake of metabolizable energy (IME, $kJ/kg^{0.75}$): ER = 0.72 (${\pm}0.12$) IME - 330, r = 0.702, P < 0.01, $S.E.{\pm}18.0$. Metabolizable energy for maintenance (MEm) was calculated to be $458kJ/kg^{0.75}$ when ER = 0. The amount of IME over MEm for an individual animal (Meg, $kJ/kg^{0.75}$) was regressed on averaged daily gain (ADG, kg): Meg = 413 (${\pm}91$) ADG + 0.2, r = 0.650, P < 0.01, $S.E.{\pm}21$. The amount of ME requirement for suckling calves was estimated using values obtained above.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• 제45권1호
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• pp.113-122
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• 2003

한우 수소의 유지를 위한 정미에너지 및 대사에너지를 구하기 위하여 28회의 절식대사 시험을 수행하였다. 체중 100 kg에서 400kg까지 100kg 증체 간격(100, 200, 300, 400 kg)으로 7종류의 사료를 각각 유지에너지 수준만 급여하여 분뇨채취를 위한 대사시험(5일)과 열 발생량 측정을 위한 호흡대사시험(2일)을 수행한후 다시 5일간 완전 절식시켜 마지막 24시간 동안 호흡대사시험을 실시하였다. 3종의 사료는 배합사료+볏짚(실험 I), 배합사료+목건초(실험 II), 배합사료+옥수수 사일리지(실험 III)이었고, 조사료와 농후사료의 비율은 40:60으로 하였다. 실험 IV, V, VI, VII은 각각 볏짚, 목건초, 옥수수 사일리지, 배합사료를 단독 급여하였다. 체중 100kg에서는 절식대사량이 66.05/$W^{0.75}$로 높았으나, 체중 200-400kg 사이에서는 60-63kcal/$W^{0.75}$로 거의 비슷하였다. 절식대사량에서 절식시 근육 활동(기립시간과 기복횟수)에 소요된 에너지를 제외한 체중 100-400kg의 평균 기초대사량은 55.92kcal/$W^{0.75}$이었다. 절식대사량에 체조직의 분해산물로서 뇨 에너지 배설량을 추가적으로 보정한 NEm 요구량은 체중 100kg에서 가장 높아 69.10 kcal/$W^{0.75}$였으나, 체중 200-400kg 간에서는 62.07-65.76kcal/$W^{0.75}$로서 체중간에 차이가 없었다. 각 사료조합중 유지량을 급여한 사료조합의 에너지 균형에서 얻어진 에너지 축적량(retained energy)과 보정 NEm인 기초대사시 열 발생량으로 섭취한 대사에너지를 에너지 평형상태로 환산한 결과, 전 체중 평균 MEm 요구량은 102.69kcal/$W^{0.75}$이었다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제13권8호
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• pp.1044-1049
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• 2000

Three wethers fitted with silastic catheters for collection of pancreatic juice, and cannulas located in the abomasum and the duodenum were used to investigate the effects of different hay and energy intake on pancreatic exocrine secretion. The wethers were fed Italian ryegrass hay or alfalfa hay at maintenance energy requirement and alfalfa hay ad libitum. High energy intake from alfalfa significantly increased abomasal flow of dry matter and both the concentration and daily secretion of ${\alpha}-amylase $. The high energy intake also tended to increase daily secretion of lipase, trypsin and chymotrypsin through the large volume of pancreatic juice. Compared with Italian ryegrass hay, alfalfa hay at the maintenance decreased abomasal dry matter flow, but increased concentration of ${\alpha}-amylase $ in the pancreatic juice, and tended to increase daily secretion of ${\alpha}-amylase $. The secretion of the other enzymes was not different between the two hays at maintenance intake. These results suggest that the kind of hay could change the concentration of ${\alpha}-amylase $ in the pancreatic juice, and that the intake level of alfalfa hay affects the ${\alpha}-amylase $ concentration and the juice volume secreted from the pancreas.

• 한국건축시공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국건축시공학회 2015년도 추계 학술논문 발표대회
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• pp.81-82
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• 2015

BIM has been a reliable construction project management tool to handle various kinds of construction information generated in the facility life cycle. To take these advantages, researchers have been promoted numerous studies in a residential, a commercial, and an educational facilities with a large number of on-going projects. However, despite running as the role of essential energy supplier, power plant related BIM research is relatively insufficient than others. In particular, due to the extending of the facility service period and the requirement of the complicated construction project management for 'overhaul' and 'repowering' in the power plant maintenance phase, the needs for using BIM have been increased gradually. For using BIM based maintenance, it is needed to consider an information collecting methods and necessary to develop an appropriate breakdown structure to share information. Therefore, 'EBS' is produced by reviewing the previous research related to BIM and analyzing the repair activities in the maintenance phase. Proposed 'EBS' must be useful not only a judgment between capital expenditure versus revenue expenditure but also appropriate maintenance strategies development for property management.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제31권9호
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• pp.1431-1441
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• 2018

Objective: This study was conducted to assess the effects of replacing rice straw with different proportions of cassava pulp on growth performance, feed intake, digestibility, rumen microbial population, energy partitioning and efficiency of metabolizable energy utilization in beef cattle. Methods: Eighteen yearling Thai native beef cattle (Bos indicus) with an average initial body weight (BW) of $98.3{\pm}12.8kg$ were allocated to one of three dietary treatments and fed ad libitum for 149 days in a randomized complete block design. Three dietary treatments using different proportions of cassava pulp (100, 300, and 500 g/kg dry matter basis) instead of rice straw as a base in a fermented total mixed ration were applied. Animals were placed in a metabolic pen equipped with a ventilated head box respiration system to determine total digestibility and energy balance. Results: The average daily weight gain, digestible intake and apparent digestibility of dry matter, organic matter and non-fiber carbohydrate, total protozoa, energy intake, energy retention and energy efficiency increased linearly (p<0.05) with an increasing proportion of cassava pulp in the diet, whereas the three main types of fibrolytic bacteria and energy excretion in the urine (p<0.05) decreased. The metabolizable energy requirement for the maintenance of yearling Thai native cattle, determined by a linear regression analysis, was $399kJ/kg\;BW^{0.75}$, with an efficiency of metabolizable energy utilization for growth of 0.86. Conclusion: Our results demonstrated that increasing the proportion of cassava pulp up to 500 g/kg of dry matter as a base in a fermented total mixed ration is an effective strategy for improving productivity in zebu cattle.