• 공업화학
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• 제2권3호
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• pp.253-261
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• 1991

폴리이미드의 전구체인 폴리아믹산을 benzophenone tetracarboxylic dianhydride (BTDA)와 4, 4'-diamino diphenyl methane (MDA) 혹은 MDA와 3, 3'-dimethyl benzidine (OTB)의 혼합디아민과 용액축중합반응에 의하여 합성하였다. 반응용매로는 m-cresol과 m-cresol/xylene의 혼합용매를 사용하였다. TGA 분석 결과 폴리이미드 필름은 초기분해 온도가 $540^{\circ}C-590^{\circ}C$의 범위로서 내열성이 우수하였다. DSC 분석으로 중합체의 유리전이온도는 $340^{\circ}$ 이상임을 확인하였다. 폴리이미드 필름은 양호한 기계적, 전기적 물성값을 갖는 시료에서 인장강도가 $16Kg/mm^2$ 이상이었고, 절연파괴전압이 200 KV/mm 정도였다. 대체로 MDA 만을 디아민으로 사용한 단일중합체보다 MDA/OTB 공중합체의 물성이 우수하였고, m-cresol에서 합성한 중합체보다 m-cresol/xylene 혼합용매계에서 합성한 중합체의 물성값이 우수하였다.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제14권4호
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• pp.2663-2665
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• 2013

Objective: To compare the efficacy and complications of chemotherapy and late course three-dimensional conformal radiotherapy (3DCRT) in treating patients with stage III non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Patients and Methods: All patients were divided into two groups: to receive chemotherapy and late course 3DCRT (3DCRT group), or chemotherapy and conventional fraction radiation (control group). In the 3DCRT-group, patients were given 6~15 MV X-rays with a total dose of 40 Gy, followed by 3DCRT, 2.5 Gy~3.0 Gy per fraction, 1 fraction/every day, total 68 Gy~70 Gy; in the control group, with conventional fraction radiation the total dose was 64~66 Gy. The chemotherapy regimen in both cases was EP (VP-16 and DDP). Results: Sixty four patients with stage III NSCLC were divided into two groups: 32 patients into 3DCRT, 32 into the control group. One and 2-year survival rates in 3DCRT and control group were 87.5%, 56.3%mad 65.6%, 34.4%, respectively (P<0.05); local control rates were 90.6%, 81.3% and 65.6%, 53.1%, respectively (P<0.05). Conclusion: Chemotherapy and late course 3DCRT is associated with improved survival rate in patients with stage III NSCLC with good tolerability.

• 대한간호
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• 제31권5호
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• pp.53-64
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• 1992

A nurse is give much weight in the professions of hospital.The effective achievement of a goal of hospital organization needs to get nurses to contribute the structure positively through the rational personnel management of the nurses.The operation of performance rating system is necessary to improve because the nurses hold negative opinions about the resonable management of that system in most Korean hospitals.Therefore, the prupose of this research was to suggest an efficient method to solve the problem in connection with the management of nurses performance rating system.The results of the study are summarized as follows.1. As the performance rating implies the evaluation of employee's functional accomplishment and ability, and essential condition of the job was surveyed according to the job analysis of nursing activities and nurse position.That is to say, Nusrses' performances and capability is estimated in comparision with the condition of the job. 2. It is required adequacy for evaluation factors in performance rating.That is, $\circled1$ as for those who work in psychiatry or newborn baby room they should be appraied in terms of different factors from those applicable to whom work in a general staffs. $\circled2$ Evaluation factors should be concrete so that the quality and quantity of work and the potential ability of them can be correctly appraised. 3. In order to realize the object of perfamance rating system, the training on chief nurses are quite important. Also, careful practices and continuous supplementary training are required before the system is introduced.First of all, the appropriate evaluation can be mad by continuing to record the rating objects every day for the purpose of obtaining the objectivity of rating. 4. In course of transfering of the position and training, the induction of self-rating system and presentation of self-description is required to supplement functionally the performance rating system. 5. For the efficiency of nurses' performance rating system, the results of performance rating system must be reflected in promotion, allocation and training course, which makes the nurses have the motives and the organization accomplish the goal of modern nursing through its activation.

• 한국비블리아학회지
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.39-59
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• 2007

데이터베이스시스템을 활용하여 데이터를 수집 처리하는 분야가 급속도로 확대됨에 따라 데이터세트에 대해서도 일반기록물과 같이 수집 평가 보존 활용해야 할 필요성이 증대되고 있다. 그럼에도 불구하고 국내 기록관리 분야에서의 데이터세트에 대한 관심은 매우 미흡한 수준이다. 이에 본고에서는 데이터세트를 기록물로 인식하고 체계적인 관리를 하기 위한 기본항목을 제시하고자 한다. 국제표준인 ISAD(G)를 준용하여 RAD, MAD와 데이터세트를 기록물로 인정하여 서비스를 제공하고 있는 NDAD의 기술요소를 세밀히 조사 분석하여, ISAD(G)의 기술영역을 기준으로 국내 데이터세트 기술에 필요한 각 기술영역과 영 역별 내 주요 기술요소안을 제시하였다.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• 제37권3호
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• pp.223-241
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• 2024

Evaluating the performance of Tunnel Boring Machines (TBMs) stands as a pivotal juncture in the domain of hard rock mechanized tunneling, essential for achieving both a dependable construction timeline and utilization rate. In this investigation, three advanced artificial neural networks namely, gated recurrent unit (GRU), back propagation neural network (BPNN), and simple recurrent neural network (SRNN) were crafted to prognosticate TBM-rate of penetration (ROP). Drawing from a dataset comprising 1125 data points amassed during the construction of the Alborze Service Tunnel, the study commenced. Initially, five geomechanical parameters were scrutinized for their impact on TBM-ROP efficiency. Subsequent statistical analyses narrowed down the effective parameters to three, including uniaxial compressive strength (UCS), peak slope index (PSI), and Brazilian tensile strength (BTS). Among the methodologies employed, GRU emerged as the most robust model, demonstrating exceptional predictive prowess for TBM-ROP with staggering accuracy metrics on the testing subset (R² = 0.87, NRMSE = 6.76E-04, MAD = 2.85E-05). The proposed models present viable solutions for analogous ground and TBM tunneling scenarios, particularly beneficial in routes predominantly composed of volcanic and sedimentary rock formations. Leveraging forecasted parameters holds the promise of enhancing both machine efficiency and construction safety within TBM tunneling endeavors.

• 대한전기학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한전기학회 2008년도 추계학술대회 논문집 전기설비전문위원
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• pp.140-143
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• 2008

In this study, it was studied about the improved road light design for drivers and pedestrians using ray- or reverse ray-tracing method. Many of conventional road lights are not suitable for drivers and pedestrians because it has some serious problems such as glare effect or randomicity of illuminated areas. It was oriented from customary design method which was pointed at simple target such as luminance or electrical power. But it was not truth any more that the high luminance or electrical power consumption mean more bright and good mad light. We studied ray-tracing method for road light reflector design to get the several goals. It means that good road light has easy for drivers and Pedestrians eyes and illuminating objects on the road clearly. So, we set the design targets such as uniformity on the road area per one road light, shading angles and continuous luminance uniformity on the long distance road. We designed ideal road light conditions using ray-tracing method. We set the height of drivers and pedestrians eyes and calculated design guideline to make above design targets. Then we designed road light reflector using reverse ray-tracing method. And we achieved same luminance on the road almost half power consumption because we reduced loss of light. We achieved ideal design guide as 75 degrees of shading angles and 0.5 of luminance uniformity on the road area. Finally, we suggested reflector design for 250 watts power consumption CDM light source.

• 복식문화연구
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.99-123
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• 1997

The purpose of this study is to present the study method in order to analysis the fashion phenomena in ppular culture by popular culture theory. The method of this study is showed the method fo fashion culture, after it was examined that the trends of popular cultural method, the type of Korean popular culture discussion, and the relationship of fashion and popular culture. The results of this study are following as ; 1. Analysis of this study are structuralism stand and culturalism stand, and the application of criticism about the cultural technology in a new stand by means of the composition of Gramscic, A and Foucault. 2. Application of the ethnographic access method as anthroppological approach method about C. Geertz'culture. This si to describe and interpret the practice of subject through directive observation and conduct on a spot, thus is likely to be useful in the fashion study. 3. It needs a historical access method for that purpose, If it applicate Weber's methodology, it will have the use of both meaning interpretation and explanation of cause and effect on the use of both meaning interpretation and explanation of cause and effect on the basis of realistic conditions (historical data), and would appear that the peculiar apportunity of mental (cultural) progressional process became definitive explanation. 4. It must be mad up of the discussion (which is) based on the durability of tradition and culture. It is undeniable that the discussion, which related to popular culture up to the present, showed the disconnectedness of the past tradition and culture, and naturally accepts it's connection to epistemology. The cultural study is a theory interested in what it brings about, what way it's organized and what way it's used. The research of the fashion's connection to popular culture is composed of such topic ; how fashion is produces, how it is consumed, and then, the proposition which is concerned in what meaning it produce is made up of. The regulation of the realm of this research will be to help a researcher explain where to begin and how to do it. Although this cultural study method is more or less quantitative, or despite the expense of the accuracy of statistical analysis, this means that such method of cultural research needs to give attention to both aspects of phenomena and basic problems.

• 대한한의학회지
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• 제27권1호
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• pp.11-22
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• 2006

Objectives : In this study, the aim was to investigate the inhibitory effects of Bangpungtong-seoung-san on the obese gene and obese inhibitory about obese-mouse induced by high fat diet. Methods : In order to investigate the effects of Bangpuangtongseoung-san(BPTS) on the obese gene and obese inhibitory, C57BL/6 mice were induced by high fat diet. C57BL/6 mice were divided into three groups(normal, high fat diet with control, high fat diet with BPTS extract) and fed for 13weeks. Results : 1. The change of body weight and the final increase of body weight were decreased significantly. 2. The amount of the adipocyte in body weight was decreased significantly. 3. In primary adipocytes, ${\beta}3AR$ gene expression was increased significantly and leptin gene expression was decreased in $100{\mu}g/ml$ density significantly. 4. In primary adipocytes, the amount of TNF-${\alpha}$ was decreased in $100{\mu}g/ml$ density significantly and the amount of leptin was decreased but did not show significance. 5. In adipocytes tissue, the expression of leptin was decreased and the expression of ${\beta}3AR$ was increased. Conclusions : These results suggest that BPTS may inhibit the expression of the obese gene mad obese inhibitory about obese-mouse induced by high fat diet.

• 대한치과기공학회지
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.27-41
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• 1993

Degree of noise by personal dental laboratory working process and degree of noise by complex dental laboratory working process were measured separtely. The time of exposure to noise greater than 70dB was analyzed. Then, the whole degree of noise in dental laboratory was estimated on the basis of afore-mentioned information. Questionaire were employed to investigate the mental, emotional and physiological effects of noise in dental technicians, The purpose of this study was to provide basic information on keeping dental techneicans who are exposed to noise pollution in good working condition and good health. Results obtained are as follows ; 1. Polishing process in each working part showed high degree of noise greater than 70dB in terms of degree of noise by personal working. 2. Degree of noise by complex working process in each working part was greater than that of personal working process. 3. Time of exposure to noise complex working process the part of porcelain 150min, partial denture 120 min, crown and bridge 100 min, full denture 80 min. 4. Degree of noise by time in dental laboratory was 80dB in general for polishing process and below 75dB for waxing process. 5. Effects of noise on mental and emotional state of dental technicians showed that they felt irritated every day(14%), irritated once in a while(29%) and easily ger mad(19%). 6. Effects of noise on heart and stomach were hyper-gastric acid(38%), gastric ulcer(11%), gastritis(5%), deuodenal ulcer(3%) and weak heart function(32%). 7. Effects of noise in the hearing ability were weak(39%), moderate(33%) and normal(14%) Data presented in this study demonstrated that noise in the dental laboratory exerts profound effect on dental technicians mentally, physiologically and emotionally, in light of the above results, therefore, it appears advisable to devots substantial on the management of working condition and put further(continuing) efforts in the investigation for reducing noise problem.

• 한국유기농업학회지
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.231-241
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• 2004

In recent years, many researches are actively undertaken for environmental-friendly animal production according to the increased understanding about food safety because of the outbreak of various diseases such as mad cow disease, Foot and mouth disease and Poultry Influenza virus. However, high quality(higher safety)- animal production may not be successful without increasing of disease resistance of animal and the improvement of feeding environment. To increase the disease resistance is able to be accomplished by stimulating the immune function. The present study was undertaken to investigate the effects of enzyme mixture reinforced with ${\beta}$-glucanase activity which degrade polysaccharide to release ${\beta}$-glucan known as stimulator of immune function on the change of milk production and somatic cell count. After 12weeks of experimental feeding, milk production tended to be increased and somatic cell count was decreased from average $227{\times}10^4$ to $37.1{\times}10^4$. Milk protein and solid-fat content were tended to increase but milk fat showed decreasing tendency by the feeding of enzyme mixture. All together, it has been suggest6d that the improvement of high quality milk production may be possible through the dietary addition of immune modulating enzyme mixture in lactating dairy cows.