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검색결과 44,204건 처리시간 0.064초

PET-CT 검사에서 방사선 종사자 피폭선량 저감에 대한 방안 연구 (A Study of Decrease Exposure Dose for the Radiotechnologist in PET/CT)

  • 김빛나;조석원;이주영;유광열;박훈희
    • 대한방사선기술학회지:방사선기술과학
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    • 제38권1호
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    • pp.23-30
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    • 2015
  • 양전자 방출핵종은 511 keV의 감마선을 방출하기 때문에 기존 140 keV의 99mTc에 비해 종사자의 방사선 피폭의 증가로 피폭선량 저감을 위한 노력이 요구된다. 본 연구는 환자에게로부터 일정거리에 따른 선량률 변화를 확인하고 차폐를 이용하여 외부선량률의 변화를 알아보았으며 환자 주변의 외부선량 분포에 대한 영 향을 분석하여 방사선 종사자의 피폭 관리에 도움이 되고자 하였다. 10 명의 환자를 대상으로 하였으며 평균연령은 $47.7{\pm}6.6$ 세였다. 환자의 키는 평균 $165.5{\pm}3.8cm$, 몸 무게 평균은 $65.9{\pm}1.4kg$으로 비슷한 몸무게의 환자를 대상으로 하였다. 머리, 가슴, 복부, 무릎, 발끝 쪽의 위치에서 10 cm, 50 cm, 100 cm, 150 cm, 200 cm 위치에서 측정하였고 측정 후에 즉시 이동형 방사선 차폐체을 설치한 후 머리와 가슴, 복부 부분에서 100 cm, 150 cm, 200 cm 거리에서 선량률을 측정하였다. 거리에 따른 선량률 변화와 차폐 전, 후의 투과율을 구하였다. 평균 10 cm 거리에서는 머리 부분이 $105.40{\mu}Sv/h$로 가장 높게 나타났으며 발 부분에서 $15.85{\mu}Sv/h$로 가장 낮게 나타났다. 200 cm 거리에서는 머리, 가슴, 복부 부분에서 비슷한 선량률이 나타났다. 머리 부분에 서 차폐 전 100 cm에서 $9.56{\mu}Sv/h$, 150 cm에서 $5.23{\mu}Sv/h$, 200 cm에서 $3.40{\mu}Sv/h$로 나타났으며 차폐 후에는 100 cm, 150 cm, 200 cm 에서 각각 $2.24{\mu}Sv/h$, $1.67{\mu}Sv/h$, $1.27{\mu}Sv/h$로 측정되었다. 가슴 부분에 서 차폐 전 100 cm에서 $8.54{\mu}Sv/h$, 150 cm에서 $4.90{\mu}Sv/h$, 200 cm에서 $3.44{\mu}Sv/h$로 나타났으며 차폐 후에는 100 cm, 150 cm, 200 cm 에서 각각 $2.27{\mu}Sv/h$, $1.34{\mu}Sv/h$, $1.13{\mu}Sv/h$로 측정되었다. 복부 부분에 서 차폐 전 100 cm에서 $9.83{\mu}Sv/h$, 150 cm에서 $5.15{\mu}Sv/h$, 200 cm에서 $3.18{\mu}Sv/h$로 나타났으며 차폐 후에는 100 cm, 150 cm, 200 cm 에서 각각 $2.60{\mu}Sv/h$, $1.75{\mu}Sv/h$, $1.23{\mu}Sv/h$로 측정되었다. 투과율은 거리에 따라 증가함을 알 수 있었다. 거리가 멀어질수록 선량율이 낮아지는 것을 확인할 수 있었으며 차폐를 하였을 경우 차폐를 하지 않았을 때보다 1 / 4 정도 더 낮아지는 것을 확인할 수 있었다. 검사를 진행하는 근무자는 환자와의 거리를 멀리 할 수 없기 때문에 방사선 피폭이 증가할 수밖에 없다. 따라서 적절한 차폐를 한다면 방사선 종사자의 방사선 피폭을 줄 일 수 있을 것이다.

The Harman and Norharman Reduced Dopamine Content and Induced Cytotoxicity in PC12 Cells

  • Yang, Yoo-Jung;Lim, Sung-Cil;Lee, Myung-Koo
    • Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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    • 제16권2호
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    • pp.106-112
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    • 2008
  • The effects of harman and norharman on dopamine content and L-DOPA-induced cytotoxicity were investigated in PC12 cells. Harman and norharman decreased the intracellular dopamine content for 24 h. The $IC_{50}$ values of harman and norharman were 20.4 ${\mu}M$ and 95.8 ${\mu}M$, respectively. Tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) activity and TH mRNA levels were also decreased by 20 ${\mu}M$ harman and 100 ${\mu}M$ norharman. Under the same conditions, the intracellular cyclic AMP levels were decreased by harman and norharman. In addition, harman and norharman at concentrations higher than 80 ${\mu}M$ and 150 ${\mu}M$ caused cytotoxicity at 24 h in PC12 cells. Non-cytotoxic ranges of 10-30 ${\mu}M$ harman and 50-150 ${\mu}M$ norharman inhibited L-DOPA (20-50 ${\mu}M$)-induced increases of dopamine content at 24 h. Harman at 20-150 ${\mu}M$ and norharman at 100-300 ${\mu}M$ also enhanced LDOPA (20-100 ${\mu}M$)-induced cytotoxicity at 24 h. These results suggest that harman and norharman decrease dopamine content by reducing TH activity and aggravate L-DOPA-induced cytotoxicity in PC12 cells.

New Record of Three Colpodean Ciliates (Ciliophora: Colpodea) from Korea

  • Kim, Kang-San;Min, Gi-Sik
    • 환경생물
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    • 제33권4호
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    • pp.375-382
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    • 2015
  • We discovered three soil ciliates of the class Colpodea-Colpoda henneguyi Fabre-Domergue, 1889; C. lucida Greeff, 1888; and Bursaria truncatella $M{\ddot{u}}ller$, 1773 from Obong-ri, Ayajin-ri and Elwang-ri (Korea), respectively. Colpoda henneguyi had the following features: often wider preorally than postorally, size in vivo $60-80{\mu}m{\times}50-70{\mu}m$; extrusomes indistinct in vivo, cylindroid approximately $1{\mu}m$ long; notches caused by deep diagonal groove; yellowish globules on the cortex of the cell; 10-12 postoral kineties; silverline system aspera-type. Colpoda lucida exhibited the following features: broadly reniform, size in vivo $70-90{\mu}m{\times}50-70{\mu}m$; conspicuous extrusomes, $3.5-5{\mu}m$ long in vivo, cylindroid to fusiform; 13-16 postoral kineties; silverline system cucullus-type. Bursaria truncatella had the following features: bursiform, size in vivo $300-470{\mu}m{\times}120-260{\mu}m$; macronucleus coiled with highly variable shapes, $600-1100{\mu}m{\times}30-40{\mu}m$ long in vivo; micronuclei 16-25 in number, approximately $4{\mu}m$ in diameter; extrusomes cylindroid, $3-4{\mu}m$ long in vivo. This is the first report of colpodean ciliates from Korea, and we describe these species based on observations of live and impregnated (protargol and silver nitrate impregnation) specimens.

Expression of Catalase (CAT) and Ascorbate Peroxidase (APX) in MuSI Transgenic Tobacco under Cadmium Stress

  • Kim, Kye-Hoon;Kim, Young-Nam;Lim, Ga-Hee;Lee, Mi-Na;Jung, Yoon-Hwa
    • 한국토양비료학회지
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    • 제44권1호
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    • pp.53-57
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    • 2011
  • The MuSI is known as a multiple stress resistant gene with several lines. A previous study using RT-PCR showed that the expression of MuSI gene in tobacco plant induced its tolerance to Cd stress. This study was conducted to examine the enhanced Cd tolerance of the MuSI transgenic tobacco plant through germination test and to understand the role of the involved antioxidant enzymes for the exhibited tolerance. Germination rate of MuSI transgenic tobacco was more than 10% higher than that of wild-type tobacco, and seedlings of MuSI transgenic tobacco grew up to 1.6 times larger and greener than seedlings of wild-type tobacco at 200 and 300 ${\mu}M$ Cd. From the third to the fifth day, CAT activities at 100 and 200 ${\mu}M$ Cd and APX activities at 100, 200 and 300 ${\mu}M$ Cd of MuSI transgenic tobacco were up to two times higher than those of wild-type tobacco. MuSI gene is shown to enhance the activities of antioxidant enzymes resulting in higher tolerance to oxidative stress compared with the control plant.

우리나라 일부 여성의 카드뮴과 납 섭취량 및 노출경로 평가 (Evaluation of Cd and Pb Intake and Exposure Routes in Some Korean Women)

  • 문찬석
    • 한국환경보건학회지
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    • 제33권5호
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    • pp.353-358
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    • 2007
  • The publications on dietary intake, respiratory intake and blood concentration of cadmium and lead in some Korean women are reviewed. Reported values of dietary Cd intake as geometric mean were $17.1{\mu}g/day$ in 1986, $21.2{\mu}g/day$ in 1994, $16.7{\mu}g/day$ in 2000, and blood concentration were $1.45{\mu}g$ in 1986, $1.27{\mu}g/l$ in 1994 and $2.74{\mu}g/l$ in 2000, respectively. In case of Pb, the dietary intake were $33.1{\mu}g/day$ in 1986, $20.5{\mu}g/day$ in 1994, and $18.4{\mu}g/day$ in 2000 and the blood concentration were $51.5{\mu}g/l$ in 1986, $44.3{\mu}g/l$ in 1994, $37.3{\mu}g/l$ in 2000, respectively. Dietary intake is an almost exclusive route of Cd exposure, however respiratory intake in case of Pb is thought to affective exposure route in Korean women. When compared with the values reported in the literature, both of dietary Cd and Pb intake levels appear to be similar to or somewhat higher than the levels in east and south-east Asia.

Photoresist 용융법을 이용한 미세렌즈 행렬 제작 (The Fabrication of Microlenses by Photoresist Melting Method)

  • 주영구;송현우;이용희;송석호
    • 한국광학회지
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    • 제5권2호
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    • pp.298-303
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    • 1994
  • 두꺼운 Photoresist(PR)로 원기둥 모양을 만들고 이를 용융함으로써 미세렌즈 행렬을 제작하였다. 이 방법으로 직경 $25\mu\textrm{m}$, $50\mu\textrm{m}$, $100\mu\textrm{m}$의 렌즈를 만들고 전자주사현미경과 탐침형 표면측정기를 통해 그 모양을 확인하였다. 그리고 렌즈의 광학적 성능을 측정하기 위해 위상변이 간섭법을 사용하여 평행광의 렌즈 통과 후 파면을 구하였다. 여기서 기준 구면과의 파면오차를 구하여 렌즈 초점거리나 초점광도분포 등을 얻었다. 그 결과 직경 $100\mu\textrm{m}$, 초점거리 $164\mu\textrm{m}$의 미세렌즈는 초점의 spot 직경이 $25\mu\textrm{m}$보다 작은 것으로 측정되었다.

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光陽 表層 海水中의 重金屬 含量 (Heavy Metals in the Surface Waters of Kwangyang Bay During 1983-84)

  • 이수형;김은수
    • 한국해양학회지
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    • 제21권3호
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    • pp.125-130
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    • 1986
  • 1983년 1월부터 1984년 12월까지 광양만의 20개 정점 표층에서 Cu, Pb, Zn 등 의 중금속 합량을 16회에 걸쳐 조사하였다. 전 조사기간을 통한 각 원소의 변동범 위와 평균농도는 Cu:〈0.03-2.68$\mu\textrm{g}$/$\ell$, 1.08$\mu\textrm{g}$/$\ell$, Pb:〈0.03-7.19$\mu\textrm{g}$/$\ell$, 0.76$\mu\textrm{g}$/$\ell$, Zn:0.3-23.1$\mu\textrm{g}$/$\ell$, 5.6$\mu\textrm{g}$/$\ell$였다. 광양만의 중금속 농도는 전반적으로 낮았으나 일반 해역보다는 수어천 하구 및 섬진강 하구등 담수의 영향을 많이 받는 해역에서 다소 높은 농도를 나타내었다. 통계학적 상관관계를 보면 Cu, Pb, Zn는 상호간은 물론 SS와 COD와도 유의성 있는 상관관계를 나타내었다.

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한약재에 포함된 금속의 전탕 전과 후의 농도변화연구 -첩약 / 다린 찌꺼기 / 탕약을 중심으로- (Concentration of metal in herbal drugs -in crude, remnant after boiling and decoction of herbal drugs-)

  • 이선동;박해모;이장천;국윤범
    • 대한한의학회지
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    • 제24권2호
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    • pp.59-65
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    • 2003
  • This study was conducted to analyze metal concentration changes following processing steps for crude, remnant after boiling, and decoction of Korea herbal drugs. We measured meta.! concentration from 20 random patients who visited Oriental medical clinics for treatment of several diseases through normal action. The results obtained were as below: First, in the study to acknowledge quality control between Korean Lab and Harvard Lab in the US, 20 equal herbal samples resulted in the same values, so we confirmed the precision of measurement results from both labs. Second, hazardous metal mean concentration in crude, remnant after boiling, and decoction of herbal drugs were $32.5{\mu\textrm{g}}/22.1{\mu\textrm{g}}/8.8{\mu\textrm{g}}$ for As, $0.0{\mu\textrm{g}}/0.0{\mu\textrm{g}}/0.0{\mu\textrm{g}}$ for Cd, $1.0{\mu\textrm{g}}/0.0{\mu\textrm{g}}/0.0{\mu\textrm{g}}$ for Hg and $5416.3{\mu\textrm{g}}/3639.6{\mu\textrm{g}}/1002.6{\mu\textrm{g}}$ for Pb, respectively. These metal concentrations decreased 72.9-100.0% compared to crude status. The same trend was also visible in the other essential elements. From reviewing these results, we could carefully conclude that decoction had the least amount of metal concentration and is the optimal way to intake herbal drugs.

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Effects of Endocrine Disruptors (NP, DBP and BPA) on Sperm Characteristics and Development of IVF Embryos in Pig

  • Yuh, In Suh;Cheong, Hee Tae;Kim, Jong Taek;Park, In Chul;Park, Choon Keun;Yang, Boo Keun
    • Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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    • 제55권4호
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    • pp.237-247
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    • 2013
  • This study was to examine single or combined in vitro effects of environmental endocrine disruptors on boar sperm characteristics, oxidative stress damage in sperm and development of porcine IVF embryos. Addition of various concentration of NP (10, 20, $30{\mu}M$), DBP (10, 50, $100{\mu}M$) and BPA (1, 5 or $10{\mu}g/ml$) on boar sperm characteristics such as percentages of sperm motility, viability, membrane integrity and mitochondrial activity were dose-dependently decreased within 3, 6 or 9 hr incubation period (p<0.05). The overall detrimental effects increased with incubation time increasement. NP, DBP and BPA showed the detrimental effects on sperm membrane and mitochondria of energy production organelles affecting cell viability with the dependancy of dose and incubation time. In combination effects, NP ($10{\mu}M$) + DBP ($10{\mu}M$) significantly decreased boar general sperm characteristics for 3 or 6 hr incubation period compared with control (p<0.05). When both of NP and DBP concentrations (NP; $30{\mu}M$, DBP; $100{\mu}M$) increase, the detrimental effects on sperm characteristics were larger than those of low concentration combination (p<0.05). The inhibitory effects of NP ($30{\mu}M$) + BPA ($10{\mu}g/ml$) on sperm characteristics were larger than those of NP ($10{\mu}M$) + BPA ($1{\mu}g/ml$) (p<0.05). DBP ($100{\mu}M$) + BPA ($10{\mu}g/ml$) decreased sperm characteristics compared with the low concentration combination (DBP $10{\mu}M$ + BPA $1{\mu}g/ml$, p<0.05). This result indicates the detrimental effects of both chemicals on sperm characteristics were dose dependent. Addition of NP ($30{\mu}M$) + DBP ($100{\mu}M$), NP ($30{\mu}M$) + BPA ($10{\mu}g/ml$), DBP ($10{\mu}M$) + BPA ($1{\mu}g/ml$) or DBP ($100{\mu}M$) + BPA ($10{\mu}g/ml$) significantly increased lipid peroxidation for 3 or 6 hr incubation period (p<0.05) compared with no addition control. NP (${\geq}20{\mu}M$) decreased the percentages of IVF embryo development from morulae and blastocyst stages (p<0.05) and its detrimental effects were dose-dependant. BPA 0, 1, 5 or $10{\mu}g/ml$ decreased significantly and dose-dependently the percentage of morulae plus and blastocysts (p<0.05). Combinations of DBP ($100{\mu}M$) plus NP ($30{\mu}M$) and DBP ($100{\mu}M$) plus BPA ($10{\mu}g/ml$) did not affect on morulae and blastocyst development, but NP ($30{\mu}M$) plus BPA ($10{\mu}g/ml$) has significant detrimental effect on embryo development at these stages (p<0.05). These overall results indicate that the partial detrimental effects on boar sperm characteristics and embryo development by NP, DBP, BPA or the combination of these chemicals might be due to the increasement of lipid peroxidation and free radical formation in the cell and there were no specific interaction effects on boar sperm and embryo degeneration among the combined treatments.

조미료류, 채소류, 과일류 등의 농산식품에 함유된 베타카로틴 함량 분석 (β-Carotene Content in Selected Agricultural Foods)

  • 신정아;최용민;이기택
    • 한국식품영양과학회지
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    • 제44권3호
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    • pp.418-424
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    • 2015
  • 본 연구는 식품성분표 개정을 위한 기초연구로서 농산식품인 조미료류 5개, 차류 2개, 채소류 2개, 곡류 3개, 견과류 및 종실류 6개, 유지류 2개, 과일류 20개에 함유되어 있는 기능성 영양성분 중 하나인 베타카로틴 함량을 분석하였다. 대표성과 신뢰성이 확보된 베타카로틴의 분석품질을 확보하기 위하여 참값을 알고 있는 표준인증물질인 slurried spinach(SRM 2385)의 베타카로틴 함량을 측정한 결과 RSD 1.73%였으며, 회수율은 102%로 아주 양호한 결과를 얻었다. 농산식품 분석 결과 채소류와 차류에서 비교적 높은 베타카로틴 함량이 검출되었다. 보리순가루 $17,293.95{\mu}g/100g$($2,882.33{\mu}gRE$), 보리순 생것 $2,755.15{\mu}g/100g$($459.19{\mu}gRE$), 녹차가루 $7,579.04{\mu}g/100g$($1,263.17{\mu}gRE$), 마른 녹차잎 $13,671.85{\mu}g/100g$($2,278.64{\mu}gRE$)으로 베타카로틴 함량이 비교적 높았다. 견과류 및 종실류의 베타카로틴 함량 분석 결과 검은 참깨 마른 것 $41.27{\mu}g/100g$($6.88{\mu}gRE$), 들깨 마른 것 $33.06{\mu}g/100g$($5.51{\mu}gRE$), 흰 참깨 마른 것 $25.36{\mu}g/100g$($4.23{\mu}gRE$) 순으로 베타카로틴 함량이 검출되었다. 유지류의 베타카로틴 함량 분석 결과 들기름 $58.56{\mu}g/100g$($9.76{\mu}gRE$)과 참기름 $11.41{\mu}g/100g$($1.90{\mu}gRE$)으로 측정되었다. 과일류 20개에서는 살구 생것 $2,280.35{\mu}g/100g$($380.06{\mu}gRE$)과 파파야완숙 생것 $242.57{\mu}g/100g$($40.43{\mu}gRE$), 파파야적숙 생것 $162.70{\mu}g/100g$($27.12{\mu}gRE$)으로 비교적 높은 베타카로틴 함량을 나타내었다. 거봉 생것, 청포도 생것, 켐벨얼리포도 생것의 경우 껍질을 포함하였을 때 베타카로틴 함량이 높게 측정되었다.