• Journal of Hydrogen and New Energy
• /
• v.2 no.1
• /
• pp.7-13
• /
• 1990

We are interested in studying the artificial photolysis of water which mimics the natural plant photosynthesis. In the artificial system there should be a proper photosensitizer, electron donor and electron acceptor. Since Mn-tetramer is known to be the essential part for the oxygten-evolving system in the natural photosynthesis, it is important to know or study the reactivity of Mn-porphyrins. As a model for the Mn-tetramer in the natural photosynthesis, we prepared the lipophilic and hydrophilic Mn-porphyrins. For the lipophilic porphyrin with long hydrocarbon chain, the long hydrocarbon chain was inserted in the porphyrin ring formation step. For the hydrophilic porphyrin, the porphyrin was sulfonated with sulfuric acid. These syntheses of lipophilic and hydrophilic Mn-porphyrins are significant, since the behaviors of these compounds will be different in the microemulsions or vesicles. We also found that the Mn-porphyrins were photoreduced in the microemulsion and water in the presence of amines.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
• /
• v.21 no.2
• /
• pp.154-161
• /
• 2011

L. lactis sk071115 has been shown to grow more actively and generate lower levels of lactate in glucose-defined medium with nitrate than in medium with Mn(IV). By adding Mn(IV) to a L. lactis culture, lactate production was relatively reduced in combination with Mn(II) production, but cell mass production levels did not increase. Both cell-free extract and intact L. lactis cells reacted electrochemically with Mn(IV) but did not react with Mn(II) upon cyclic voltammetry using neutral red (NR) as an electron mediator. A modified graphite felt cathode with NR (NR-cathode) was employed to induce electrochemical reducing equivalence for bacterial metabolism. Cell-free L. lactis extract catalyzed the reduction of Mn(IV) to Mn(II) under both control and electrochemical reduction conditions; however, the levels of Mn(II) generated under electrochemical reduction conditions were approximately 4 times those generated under control conditions. The levels of Mn(II) generated by the catalysis of L. lactis immobilized in the NR-cathode (L-NR-cathode) under electrochemical reduction conditions were more than 4 times that generated under control conditions. Mn(II) production levels were increased by approximately 2.5 and 4.5 times by the addition of citrate to the reactant under control and electrochemical reduction conditions, respectively. The cumulative Mn(II) produced from manganese ore by catalysis of the L-NR-cathode for 30 days reached levels of approximately 3,800 and 16,000 mg/l under control and electrochemical reduction conditions, respectively. In conclusion, the electrochemical reduction reaction generated by the NR-cathode activated the biochemical reduction of Mn(IV) to Mn(II) by L. lactis.

• Journal of the Korean Ceramic Society
• /
• v.48 no.6
• /
• pp.531-536
• /
• 2011

Al doped $LiMn_2O_4$ ($LiMn_2O_4:Al$) synthesized by several Al doping process and Solid State method. The Al contents in $Mn_{1-x}Al_xO_2$ for $LiMn_2O_4:Al$ were analyzed 1.7 wt% by EDS. The $LiMn_2O_4:Al$ confirmed cubic spinel structure and approximately 5 ${\mu}m$ particles regardless of three kinds of doping process by solid state method. In the result of electrochemical performances, initial discharge capacity had 115 mAh/g in case of $LiMn_2O_4$ and 111 mAh/g of $LiMn_2O_4:Al$ after 100th cycle at room temperature. But the capacity retention results showed that $LiMn_2O_4$ and $LiMn_2O_4:Al$ were 44% and 69% respectively in the 100th cycle at 60$^{\circ}C$. Therefore we are confirmed that $LiMn_2O_4:Al$ increased the capacity retention about 25% than $LiMn_2O_4$, thus the effect of Al dopping on $LiMn_2O_4$ capacity retention.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers Conference
• /
• 2005.11a
• /
• pp.171-172
• /
• 2005

PSNZT계 압전 세라믹스는 압전 특성을 개량하고, 여러 가지 응용 분야의 요구를 만족할 특성을 얻기 위해 Mn을 포함하는 첨가물에 관한 연구를 하였다. Mn을 포함하는 산화물은 기계적 품질계수($Q_m$)를 높이는 강화제로 널리 활용되고 있으며, $Mn^{4+}$를 갖는 $MnO_2$가 가장 많이 사용되고 있다. 산화물에서 Mn 전자가는 여러 상태 인데, 이런 전자가의 변화가 압전 특성에 미치는 영향을 조사하였다. Mn 전자가에 따라서 소결체의 미세구조는 $MnCO_3$와 $Mn_3O_4$경우 입자크기가 10${\mu}m$정도였으며, $Mn_2O_3$와 $MnO_2$의 입자크기는 $1\sim5{\mu}m$정도로 불규칙하였다. 전반적으로 소결체는 밀도가 $7.75g/cm^2$이상이었고, 치밀하였다. $MnCO_3$경우 전기기계 결합계수는 56%이고, $MnO_2$경우 기계적 품질계수는 2000이상이었다.

• Journal of the Korean Magnetics Society
• /
• v.16 no.2
• /
• pp.111-114
• /
• 2006

We investigated the magnetism and electronic structures for the layered structures consisting of (110) layers of zinc-blende CrAs and MnAs. We calculated the electronic structures for $(CrAs)_3(MnAs)_3(110)$ superlattice consisted of alternating three layers of CrAs(110) and MnAs(110) by the full-potential linearized augmented plane wave (FLAPW) method. The calculated magnetic moment of Cr in interface layer ($3.07\;\mu_B$) was slightly larger than that of Cr atom in center layer ($3.06\;\mu_B$), while that of interface Mn atom ($3.74\;\mu_B$) was slightly smaller than the value of Mn atom in center layer ($3.76\;\mu_B$). The electronic structure and half-metallicity in this superlattice were discussed using the calculated density of states.

• Applied Chemistry for Engineering
• /
• v.23 no.2
• /
• pp.190-194
• /
• 2012

10 wt% Mn supported on various commercial $TiO_2$ catalysts were prepared by wet-impregnation method for the low temperature selective catalytic reduction (SCR) of NO with $NH_3$. A combination of various physico-chemical techniques such as BET, XRD, XPS and TPR were used to characterize these catalysts. MnOx surface densities on MnOx/$TiO_2$ catalyst were related to surface area. As MnOx surface density lowered with high dispersion, the SCR activity for low temperature was increased and the reduction temperature ($MnO_2$ ${\rightarrow}$ $Mn_2O_3$) of surface MnOx was lower. For a high SCR, MnOx could be supported on a high surface area of $TiO_2$ and should be existed a high dispersion of non-crystalline species.

• Journal of the Korean Ceramic Society
• /
• v.33 no.5
• /
• pp.531-535
• /
• 1996

ZnGa2O4 and Mn-doped ZnGa2O4 were synthesized using the state reaction method to investigate their photoluminescence characteristics depending on Mn concentration. Under 254nm excitation, ZnGa2O4 exhibited a broad-band emission extending from 330 nm to 610 nm peaking at 450nm. On the other hand Mn-doped ZnGa2O4 showed a new strong narrow-band emission peaking at 504 nm and maximum intensity at the doping concentration of 0.006 mole Mn.

• Analytical Science and Technology
• /
• v.8 no.4
• /
• pp.569-574
• /
• 1995

In-situ spectroelectrochemical studies have been carried out on the oxidation of Mn(II) at platinum, gold, lead dioxide, and bismuth doped lead dioxide electrodes. The Mn(III), $MnO_2$, and/or ${MnO_4}^-$ species are produced depending on experimental conditions employed during electrolysis. Mn(III) is shown to be produced from a very early stage during the anodic potential scan and undergo disproportionation-conproportionation reactions depending on the relative concentration of each species near the electrode surface. An oxidation mechanism consistent with these observations is proposed.

• Journal of the Korean Crystal Growth and Crystal Technology
• /
• v.17 no.4
• /
• pp.156-159
• /
• 2007

The red emission properties of $Mn^{4+}$ doped $SrAl_{12}O_{19}$ prepared by the solid-state reaction was investigated, in order to verify its potential to act as the red emitting phosphor of white LEDs. The emission spectrum exhibits a narrow band between $600{\sim}700 nm $ with four sharp peaks occurring at about 643, 656, 666, 671 nm due to the $^2E\to^4A_2$ transition of $Mn^{4+}$. The excitation spectrum exhibits a broad band between $200{\sim}500 nm$ with three peaks occurring at about 338, 398 and 468 nm, respectively. Moreover, the relative emission intensity of $SrAl_{12}O_{19}:Mn^{4+}$ with or without $CaF_2$ and MgO fluxes measured at excitation source 390 nm. The relative emission intensity of $SrAl_{12}O_{19}:Mn^{4+}$ containing 0.67mol% MgO was approximately 30% higher than that of the base composition sample. Strontium hexa-aluminate measured at room temperature as a function of the substituted Mg concentration. MgO was added to replace part of the $Al_2O_3$. Also, the relative emission intensity of $SrAl_{12}O_{19}:Mn^{4+}$ containing 0.67 mol% MgO and 0.67 mol% $CaF_2$ was approximately about 48% higher than that of the base composition $SrAl_{12}O_{19}:Mn^{4+}$.

• Journal of the Korean Magnetics Society
• /
• v.19 no.3
• /
• pp.85-88
• /
• 2009

Magnetic phases of polycrystalline $Ge_{1-x}Mn_x$ thin films were studied. The $Ge_{1-x}Mn_x$ thin films were grown at $400^{\circ}C$ by using a molecular beam epitaxy. The $Ge_{1-x}Mn_x$thin films were p-type and electrical resistivities were $4.0{\times}10^{-2}{\sim}1.5{\times}10^{-4}ohm-cm$. Based on the analysis of magnetic characteristics and microstructures, it was concluded that the ferromagnetic phase formed on the $Ge_{1-x}Mn_x/SiO_2$/Si(100) thin films was $Ge_3Mn_5$ phase which has about 310 K of Curie temperature. Moreover, the $Ge_{1-x}Mn_x$ thin film which had $Ge_3Mn_5$ phase showed the negative magnetoresistance to be about 9% at 20 K when the magnetic field of 9 T was applied.