• 디지털산업정보학회논문지
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• 제7권2호
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• pp.115-125
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• 2011

An accurate estimation of software development size is an important factor in calculating reasonable cost of project development and determining its success. In this study, we propose estimation models, using function point based on the functional correlation between software, with empirical data. Three models($FP_{est}(I)$, $FP_{est}(II)$, $FP_{est}(III)$) are developed with correlation and regression analysis. The validity of the models is evaluated by the significance test by comparing values of Mean Magnitude of Relative Error (MMRE) and predictions of each model at level n%. Model $FP_{est}(III)$ proved to be superior to other models such as IFPC(Indicative Function Point Count), EFPC(Estimated Function Point Count), EPFS(Early Prediction of Function Size), $FP_{est}(I)$, and $FP_{est}(II)$. As a result, the accuracy of the model appears to be very high to determine the usefulness of the model to finally overcome weakness of other estimation models. The model can be efficiently used to estimate project development size including software size or manpower allocation.

• 정보처리학회논문지D
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• 제15D권2호
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• pp.207-212
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• 2008

본 논문은 소프트웨어 비용추정 모델의 적합성을 평가하고, 가장 적합한 모델을 제시하였다. 먼저, 해당 모델의 함수를 변수변환시켜 선형식으로 만든다. 다음으로 실제 개발 소프트웨어의 비용 데이터가 모델의 선형식에 얼마나 적합한지로 모델의 성능을 평가한다. 모델 성능평가에는 절대오차 대신 상대오차 개념인 MMRE를 적용하였다. 기존의 소프트웨어 비용추정 모델은 Weibull, Gamma와 Rayleigh 함수를 따르고 있다. 본 논문에서는 성장곡선의 일종인 Gompertz 곡선 모델을 제안하였다. 추가로 다른 성장곡선들도 적합성을 검증하였다. 모델 성능평가 결과 Gompertz 성장곡선이 소프트웨어 비용추정 모델로 가장 적합한 성능을 보였다.

• Journal of Information Processing Systems
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• 제14권6호
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• pp.1347-1360
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• 2018

Owing to limited energy in wireless devices power saving is very critical to prolong the lifetime of the networks. In this regard, we designed a cross-layer optimization mechanism based on power control in which source node broadcasts a Route Request Packet (RREQ) containing information such as node id, image size, end to end bit error rate (BER) and residual battery energy to its neighbor nodes to initiate a multimedia session. Each intermediate node appends its remaining battery energy, link gain, node id and average noise power to the RREQ packet. Upon receiving the RREQ packets, the sink node finds node disjoint paths and calculates the optimal power vectors for each disjoint path using cross layer optimization algorithm. Sink based cross-layer maximal minimal residual energy (MMRE) algorithm finds the number of image packets that can be sent on each path and sends the Route Reply Packet (RREP) to the source on each disjoint path which contains the information such as optimal power vector, remaining battery energy vector and number of packets that can be sent on the path by the source. Simulation results indicate that considerable energy saving can be accomplished with the proposed cross layer power control algorithm.

• 정보처리학회논문지D
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• 제13D권6호
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• pp.815-822
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• 2006

소프트웨어 개발 초기 단계에서 소프트웨어 개발비용을 정확하게 예측하는 것은 프로젝트의 성패를 결정짓는 중요한 요소이다. 우리나라에서는 소프트웨어 개발비용 산정을 위해 소프트웨어 사업대가기준을 마련하였으며, 이것으로 소프트웨어 사업의 예산수립이나 발주 시 적정비용 산정에 활용하고 있다. 그러나 소프트웨어 기술 발전과 환경 변화에 대응하여 그에 적합한 사업대가기준이 되기 위해서는 지속적인 개선 작업이 필요시 된다. 따라서 본 논문은 소프트웨어 기술 발전과 여러 가지 환경 변화 요인을 반영하여 사업대가기준의 정확성을 향상시키고자 한다. 이를 위해 14가지 일반시스템특성을 반영하는 값 조정 인자의 도입과 실무자들에 의해 필요성이 제기되고 있는 납기 보정계수의 도입을 통한 개선 방안을 제시하였다. 개선 방안의 정확도를 평가하기 위해 실제 데이터를 이용하여 MMRE, PRED 값을 측정해 보았다. 결론적으로, 규모 보정과 함께 14가지 일반 시스템 특성을 반영한 값 조정인자에 추가 조정인자를 적용한 보정계수를 적용함으로써 비용 산정의 정확도가 뚜렷이 향상됨을 확인할 수 있었다. 또한 제안된 두 가지 납기 보정계수의 정확도를 평가하였다.

• 한국IT서비스학회지
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• 제18권4호
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• pp.67-82
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• 2019

The purpose of this study is to improve the calculation method of the software operation pricing proposed by the software business price calculation guide from 'input manpower method' to 'rate calculation method'. The software operation pricing of the input manpower method is not objectively calculated in the domestic IT outsourcing situation where the statistical data based on the activity based estimating is insufficient and it is decided by agreement between the owner and the client. In addition, there was no standard for adjusting the productivity according to the characteristics of the operation service. In order to improve this, an operational correction factor item that can affect the software operation productivity was selected based on foreign and domestic standards, and it was confirmed through the first questionnaire to IT operation managers. In order to determine the level of difficulty of the fixed operational correction factors, the operational correction factor using AHP technique was confirmed through a second questionnaire for pairwise comparison. The operational difficulty calculation table was developed with reference to COCOMO and ITIL standards. Finally, we propose a new pricing scheme that reflects the operating rate. Regression analysis was carried out by collecting the data of the domestic public institutions on the estimated cost and the actual cost calculated from the new rate method software operation pricing. The results of the regression analysis show that the estimated cost and the actual cost are related to each other. Mean magnitude of relative error(MMRE) and PRED[25] analysis were added for accuracy analysis. MMRE and PRED also showed satisfactory results, confirming the possibility of replacing the rate method software operation pricing.

• 정보처리학회논문지D
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• 제11D권7호
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• pp.1491-1498
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• 2004

성공적인 프로젝트 계획은 활용 가능한 일정과 더불어 프로젝트를 완수하는데 요구되는 인력을 얼마나 정확히 추정하느냐에 달려있다. 새로운 또는 보다 나은 모델 개발에 많은 연구가 이루어졌지만 현존하는 소프트웨어 인력 추정 모델들은 소프트웨어 생명주기 전반에 걸쳐 투입되는 총 개발인력 또는 시간에 따른 단위시간당 개발인력 분포만을 제공하고 있다. 본 논문은 시간의 함수가 아닌 발견된 결함 수에 따라 시험단계에 투입되는 인력과 시험단계의 시험과정과 디버깅과정에 투입되는 인력을 추정하는 모델들을 제시하였다. 시험과 디버깅 과정에서 발견되는 결함에 기반한 투입 인력의 다항식 모델을 제안한다. 제안된 모델들은 5종의 다른 소프트웨어 프로젝트들에 적용되어 결정계수와 MMRE를 통해 모델의 적합성을 검증하였다.

• 산업경영시스템학회지
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• 제33권3호
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• pp.55-62
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• 2010

Currently, cost estimation is very important to the government acquisition programs to support decisions about funding and to evaluate resource requirement as key decision points. Parametric cost estimating models have been used extensively to obtain appropriate cost estimates in early acquisition phase. However, they have many restrictions to ensure the cost estimating result in Korean defense environment because they are developed in the U.S.A. environment. In order to obtain a good R&D cost estimate, developing our own CERs (Cost Estimation Relationships) using historical R&D data is essential. Nevertheless, there has been little research to develop our own CERs. In this research, we established a CER development process and found some cost drivers in the historical movement weapon system R&D data. The R&D CER is developed using the PCR(Principle Component Regression) method to remove multicollinearity among data and to overcome the restriction of the insufficient number of sample. At least, this research is meaningful as a first attempt in terms of defining the CER development process and obtaining our own R&D CER based on the historical data in Korean weapon system R&D environment.

• 한국군사과학기술학회지
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• 제15권5호
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• pp.565-576
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• 2012

Cost estimates are necessary for government acquisition program to support decisions about funding, to develop annual budget requests and to validate resource requirements at key decision points. Many researches have been done about cost estimating technique recently. Parametric cost estimating models based on CERs(Cost Estimating Relationships) have been mainly used using regression method with historical data. However, there are many restrictions in developing Korean version CERs because the number of data points are too small. Specially, data collection and data management system are unstable in Korean defense environment, when developing CERs. In this research, we analyzed the historical data, and found some cost drivers in guided weapon system area. We developed the Acquisition Unit Cost CER using the regression to remove multicollinearity in the historical data. So we could overcome the restriction of the insufficient sample number. This research as a first attempt is meaningful in terms of obtaining our own Acquisition Unit Cost CER using historical cost and physical characteristic in Korean development environment.