• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.24 no.5
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• pp.688-696
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• 2017

In this study, the physicochemical properties and anti-wrinkle effect of polysaccharides with different molecular weights from Gloiopeltis furcata were investigated. Crude polysaccharides were isolated by viscozyme treatment followed by ethanol precipitation and lyophilization. Crude polysaccharides were hydrolyzed by acid (0.1 N HCl) and the molecular weight fractions were generated by centrifugal filter (<10 kDa, 10 to 100 kDa, and 100 kDa>). The yield of polysaccharides with different molecular weight fractions was 8.4-39.6%. The major constituents in molecular weight fractions were total sugar (81.37-85.82%), uronic acid (27.89-32.85 g/100 g), sulfate (33.38-39.04%), and protein (0.35-3.16%) The L, a, and b value of the 100 kDa group were decreased, but viscosity increased. The oxygen radical absorbance capacity of the 100 kDa group at $180.07{\mu}M$ was the highest among groups. The protective effects of 100 kDa group at 0.5 and $5{\mu}g/mL$ against $H_2O_2$-induced cytotoxicity in L132 cell were 87.34% and 103.85%, respectively. The matrix metalloproteinase-1 activity of 100 kDa group decreased in a dose-dependent manner. The pro-collagen synthesis activity of 100 kDa group at $0.05-0.5{\mu}g/mL$ was 64.91-77.80%. The polysaccharides with different molecular weights from Gloiopeltis furcata investigated herein are useful as a potential candidate for cosmedical materials.

• The Journal of Korean Obstetrics and Gynecology
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.202-218
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• 2006

Purpose : Because girls at puberty· are lack in sex ability, temporary menstruation disorder can be occured. This disorder is considered that will be disappeared as growing, so people used to leave the disease untreated and just watched. But clinically I frequently experience not to disappear. So I have carried out this study to investigate the actual condition of young girls's menstrual disorders. Methods : I researched 440 high school girls in Pusan by Menstruation Diary which I made about menstrual cycle, duration, amount and pain. The results were managed by the ststistics. Results :1. Menstrual cycle 1) In disorder of menstrual cycle, persons who have Bate menstruation are more than persons who have premature menstruation. 2) Persons who have normal menstrual cycle are in 124 persons(28.51%), the others who have severe premature menstruation or late menstruation more than one time for 4-7 months are in 311 Persons.(71.49%) 2. Menstrual duration and amount 1) Persons who have normal menstrual amount we in 66-89%, hypermenorrhea is in 1-11%, hypomenorrhea is in 5-21%. 2) In the study of menstrual duration, persons more than one thirds are irregular in thier menstrual amount every menstruation. 3) In the study of MMQ, persons who are irregular in thier menstrual amount every menstruation are in 125persons.(29.76%) 3. Menstrual pain 1) Persons who have slight menstrual pain are in 289 persons(65.98%), the middle is in 86 persons(19.63%) the severe is in 34 persons(7.76%) by MMP. 2) Persons who are irregular in thier menstrual pain every menstruation are in 145 persons.(33.11%) Conclusion : In menstrual cycle, there are more persons who have irregular menstrual cycle than normal.(71.49%) In menstrual duration and amount, more persons have normal menstrual amount.(66-89%) In menstrual pain, persons who have slight menstrual pain are the most.(65.98%)

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.249-255
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• 2015

Schisandrae fructus [Schizandra chinensis (Turcz.) Baillon] is a medicinal herb widely used for treating various inflammatory and immune diseases in East Asian countries. The Schisandrae Semen essential oil (SSeo) from this plant has pharmacological activities, including antioxidant, antimicrobial, and antitumoral activities. Nevertheless, the biological activities and underlying molecular mechanisms of the potential anti-cancer effects of this oil remain unclear. In the present study, we investigated the potential inhibition of apoptosis signaling pathways by SSeo in human leukemia U937 cells and evaluated the underlying molecular mechanism. Exposure to SSeo resulted in a concentration-dependent growth inhibition due to apoptosis, which was verified by DNA fragmentation, the presence of apoptotic bodies, and an increase in the sub-G1 ratio. Induction of apoptotic cell death by SSeo was correlated with the down-regulation of members of the inhibitor of apoptosis protein (IAP) family (including X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis protein (XIAP), cIAP-1, and surviving) and anti-apoptotic Bcl-2, and with up-regulation of death receptor (DR) 4 and DR5, depending on dosage. SSeo treatment also induced Bid truncation, mitochondrial dysfunction, proteolytic activation of caspase-3, -8 and -9, and concomitant degradation of activated caspase-3 target proteins such as poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase. Taken together, these findings suggest that SSeo may be a potential chemotherapeutic agent for use in the control of human leukemia cells. Further studies are needed to identify its active compounds.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.200-218
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• 2008

Objectives : The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of Injinchunggan-tang (Yinchenchinggan-tang) on DMN-induced liver damage by applying proteomics. Materials and Methods : Sprague-Dawley rats were used in this experiment and were divided into the normal group (normal saline), the control group (DMN) and the sample group (DMN+IJCGT). DMN was injected i.p. once a day three times a week for 3 weeks in the control group. Normal saline instead of DMN was administered to the normal group. In the sample group, Injinchunggan-tang (Yinchenchinggan-tang) extract was orally administered once a day for 10 days after DMN was induced. The livers of each group were processed and analyzed by histology, Western blot, $Oxyblot^{TM}$, CBB and 2-dimensional electrophoresis. Results : In the histological findings of the liver, IJCGT reduced collagen deposition and liver damage in DMN-induced hepatic fibrosis. IJCGT increased MMP-13 protein production assessed by western blot. Protein oxidation induced by DMN treatment was decreased by IJCGT. In the 2-dimensional electrophoresis finding, the level of the increased proteins induced by DMN treatment such as GRP 75, 58kDa glucose regulated protein and heat shock 70kDa protein 5 were decreased by IJCGT. IJCGT was considered to have the protective effects on hepatotoxicity induced by DMN. In the 2-dimensional electrophoresis finding, the level of increased oxidized proteins such as heat shock 70 protein, mitochondrial malonyltransferase, calreticulin precursor, actin, NADP-isocitrate dehydrogenase, ankyrin repeat and SOCS box protein 11 were decreased by IJCGT. IJCGT was considered to have protective effect on the protein production induced by DMN treatment. Conclusion : Injinchunggan-tang (Yinchenchinggan-tang) exerts an inhibitory effect against the fibrosis and protein oxidation induced by DMN treatment in the rat liver. IJCGT was considered to have protective effects on the hepatotoxicity and protein production induced by DMN treatment.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.40 no.5
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• pp.649-659
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• 2011

To examine the anti-cancer effects of Lepidium virginicum L., the anti-proliferative and pro-apoptotic effects of a water extract of L. virginicum leaves (WELVL) and of L. virginicum roots (WELVR) were investigated in HCT116 human colon carcinoma cells. The treatment of HCT116 cells with WELVL and WELVR resulted in the inhibition of growth and morphological changes in a concentration-dependent manner by inducing apoptosis. The growth inhibition and apoptosis induction by WELVR was stronger than that of WELVL thus, we determined that WELVR was the more optimal extract for this study. The increased apoptotic events in HCT116 cells caused by WELVR were associated with an up-regulation of Fas ligand, Bax, and Bad expression, a down-regulation of Bcl-2, Bcl-$_XL$, and Bid expression, and a decrease in the mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP, ${\Delta}{\psi}m$). WELVR treatment induced the proteolytic activation of caspase-3, -8, and -9, and the degradation of caspase-3 substrate proteins, such as poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP), ${\beta}$-catenin, and phospholipase C-${\gamma}1$ (PLC-${\gamma}1$). In addition, apoptotic cell death induced by WELVR was correlated with a down-regulation of inhibitors of the apoptosis protein (IAP) family, such as the X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis protein (XIAP), cIAP-1, and cIAP-2. These findings suggest that the WELVR-induced inhibition of cell proliferation is associated with the induction of apoptotic cell death. WELVR may be a potential chemotherapeutic agent for the control of HCT116 human colon carcinoma cells.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.213-221
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• 2017

Baicalein, a natural flavonoid obtained from the rhizome of Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi, has been reported to have anticancer activities in several human cancer cell lines. However, its antimetastatic effects and associated mechanisms in melanoma cells have not been extensively studied. The current study examined the effects of baicalein on cell motility and anti-invasive activity using mouse melanoma B16F10 cells. Within the noncytotoxic concentration range, baicalein significantly inhibited the cell motility and invasiveness of B16F10 cells in a concentration-dependent manner. Baicalein also reduced the activity and expression of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2 and -9; however, the levels of tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1 and -2 were concomitantly increased. The inhibitory effects of baicalein on cell motility and invasiveness were found to be associated with its tightening of tight junction (TJ), which was demonstrated by an increase in transepithelial electrical resistance and downregulation of the claudin family of proteins. Additionally, treatment with baicalein markedly reduced the expression levels of lipopolysaccharide-induced phosphorylated Akt and the invasive activity in B16F10 cells. Taken together, these results suggest that baicalein inhibits B16F10 melanoma cell migration and invasion by reducing the expression of MMPs and tightening TJ through the suppression of claudin expression, possibly in association with a suppression of the phosphoinositide 3-kinase/Akt signaling pathway.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• v.45 no.1
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• pp.134-148
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• 2021

Background: Lung cancer has a high incidence worldwide, and most lung cancer-associated deaths are attributable to cancer metastasis. Although several medicinal properties of Panax ginseng Meyer have been reported, the effect of ginsenosides Rk1 and Rg5 on epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) stimulated by transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF-β1) and self-renewal in A549 cells is relatively unknown. Methods: We treated TGF-β1 or alternatively Rk1 and Rg5 in A549 cells. We used western blot analysis, real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR), wound healing assay, Matrigel invasion assay, and anoikis assays to determine the effect of Rk1 and Rg5 on TGF-mediated EMT in lung cancer cell. In addition, we performed tumorsphere formation assays and real-time PCR to evaluate the stem-like properties. Results: EMT is induced by TGF-β1 in A549 cells causing the development of cancer stem-like features. Expression of E-cadherin, an epithelial marker, decreased and an increase in vimentin expression was noted. Cell mobility, invasiveness, and anoikis resistance were enhanced with TGF-β1 treatment. In addition, the expression of stem cell markers, CD44, and CD133, was also increased. Treatment with Rk1 and Rg5 suppressed EMT by TGF-β1 and the development of stemness in a dose-dependent manner. Additionally, Rk1 and Rg5 markedly suppressed TGF-β1-induced metalloproteinase-2/9 (MMP2/9) activity, and activation of Smad2/3 and nuclear factor kappa B/extra-cellular signal regulated kinases (NF-kB/ERK) pathways in lung cancer cells. Conclusions: Rk1 and Rg5 regulate the EMT inducing TGF-β1 by suppressing the Smad and NF-κB/ERK pathways (non-Smad pathway).

• Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
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• v.48 no.6
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• pp.315-323
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• 2022

Background: Socioeconomical disadvantaged communities are more vulnerable to environmental chemical exposure and associated health effects. However, there is limited information on chemical exposure among vulnerable populations in Korea. Objectives: This study investigated chemical exposure among underprivileged populations. We measured urinary metabolites of phthalates in urban disadvantaged communities and investigated their correlations with residential environment factors and relative socioeconomic vulnerability. Methods: Urine samples were collected from 64 residents in a disadvantaged community in Seoul. A total of eight phthalate metabolites were analyzed by liquid chromatography-mass spectroscopy. Analytical method used by the Korean National Environmental Health Survey (KoNEHS) was employed. Covariate variance analysis and general linear regression adjusted with age, sex and smoking were performed. Results: Several phthalate metabolites, namely monomethyl phthalate (MMP), monoethyl phthalate (MEP), mono-(2-ethyl-5-hydroxyhexyl) phthalate (MEHHP), and mono-n-butyl phthalate (MnBP) had higher levels than those reported in the adults of 4th KoNEHS. Notably, the MnBP level was higher in the lower socioeconomic group (geometric mean [GM]=47.3 ㎍/g creatinine) compared to non-recipients (GM=31.9 ㎍/g creatinine) and the national reference level (GM=22.0, 28.2 and 32.2 ㎍/g creatinine for adults, 60's and 70's, respectively.). When age, sex and smoking were adjusted, MEP and MnBP were significantly increased the lower socioeconomic group than non-recipients (p=0.014, p=0.023). The lower socioeconomic group's age of flooring were higher than non-recipients, not statistically significant. Conclusions: These results suggest that a relatively low income and aged flooring could be considered as risk factors for increased levels of phthalate metabolites in socioeconomic vulnerable populations.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.13 no.9
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• pp.4669-4675
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• 2012

Objective: Nude mice with orthotopic transplantation of human ovarian epithelial cancer were used to investigate screening criteria for paraneoplastic normal ovarian tissue and the security of the freezing and thawing for ovarian tissue transplantation. Methods: Expression of CK-7, CA125, P53, survivin, MMP-2/TIMP-2 in paraneoplastic normal ovarian tissues were detected by RT-PCR as well as immunohistochemistry. The tissues of the groups with all negative indicators of RT-PCR, all negative indicators of immunohistochemistry, negative expression of CK-7, CA125 and survivin, positive expression of CK-7, CA125 and survivin, cancer tissues and normal ovarian tissues of nude mice were used for freezing and thawing transplantation, to analyze overt and occult carcinogenesis rates after transplantation. Results: When all indicators or the main indicators, CK-7, CA125 and survivin, were negative, tumorigenesis did not occur after transplantation. In addition the occult carcinogenesis rate was lower than in the group with positive expression of CK-7, CA125 and survivin (P<0.01). After subcutaneous and orthotopic transplantation of ovarian tissues, rates did not change (P>0.05). There was no statistical significance among rates after transplantation of ovarian tissues which were obtained under different severity conditions (P>0.05). Conclusion: Negative expression of CK-7, CA125 and survivin can be treated as screening criteria for security of ovarian tissues for transplantation. Immunohistochemical methods can be used as the primary detection approach. Both subcutaneous and orthotopic transplantation are safe. The initial severity does not affect the carcinogenesis rate after tissue transplantation. Freezing and thawing ovarian tissue transplantation in nude mice with human epithelial ovarian carcinoma is feasible and safe.

• Journal of Korean Traditional Oncology
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.75-93
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• 2006

Jiaweicitaowan (JWCTW) has been used to inhibit recurrence and metastasis of cancer in clinical practice. Further study has shown its anti-metastatic and anti-angiogenic effects. By applying in vitro and in vivo anti-angiogenic evaluation model, the author assayed the each ingredients of JWCTW. The author performed the following experiments and the results are listed as below: Cell viability assay showed that the viability was almost identical between that of the control and that of the ingredients extract 40 ${\mu}g/m{\ell}$ treated, except of hexane fraction of Curcumae Radix (40 ${\mu}g/m{\ell}$, 2.0% of control), ethylacetate fraction (40 ${\mu}g/m{\ell}$, 26.7%), butanol fraction (20 ${\mu}g/m{\ell}$, 87.2%; 40 ${\mu}g/m{\ell}$, 12.5%) of Cremastrae appendiculatae Tuber, water fraction of Persicae Semen (40 ${\mu}g/m{\ell}$, 82.7%), ethylacetate fraction of Hippocampus (40 ${\mu}g/m{\ell}$, 85.3%). The results of gelatin zymogram assay showed that the ingredients of JWCTW decreases the gelatinolytic activity of MMP-9 from ECV304, at the concentration of 10 ${\mu}g/m{\ell}$. In in vitro invasion assay, the ingredients of JWCTW effectively inhibited the invasion of cancer cells as compared with the control (+PMA) groups. In capillary-like tube formation assay, the hexane and ethylacetate fractions of Curcumae Radix, Cremastrae appendiculatae Tuber and Persicae Semen showed the dramatic inhibition effects on tube formation of ECV304 at the concentration of 40 ${\mu}g/m{\ell}$. In ex vivo rat aortic ring assay, the hexane and ethylacetate fractions of Curcumae Radix, Cremastrae appendiculatae Tuber and Persicae Semen showed the inhibition effects on angiogenesis of rat aorta at the concentration of 40 ${\mu}g/m{\ell}$. According to the above research, the anti-angiogenic effects of the ingredients of JWCTW was proved and it suggested that the more effective prescription for anti angiogenesis could be developed.