• 한국HCI학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2006.02b
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• pp.131-139
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• 2006

컴퓨터 게임 산업의 급속한 성장에도 불구하고 소수의 게임 타이틀만이 과도한 생산비를 감당하면서 수익을 내고 있는 실정이다. 기존 마케팅 이론 에 의하면 제품의 성공과 실패는 고객의 선호도, 필요, 기대에 대한 만족도 에 의존한다고 한다. 이와 마찬가지로 게임에서도 사용자의 만족을 극대화 하기 위해서는 사용자들이 무엇을 원하고, 좋아할지를 파악하여 이를 게임에 반영할 필요가 있다. 본 연구의 목표는 MMO 게임 디자인을 위한 사용성 평가 핵심 요인을 고찰하는데 있다. 본 연구는 기존의 게임 관련 HCI / 사용성에 대한 문헌 고찰을 통하여 사용성 평가 핵심 요소를 도출하고 게임 플레이 과 제와 사후 설문결과를 통하여 MMO게임 사용성 평가를 실시하여 18가지 사용 성 문제 점과 그 권장사항을 제시하였다. 그 결과 게임 인터페이스, 게임 플 레이, 게임 서사, 게임 메커니즘으로 구성된 54 개의 사용성 평가 핵심 요 소를 도출 하고 MMO 게임을 위한 새로운 사용성 평가 체계를 개발하였다. 본 연구 결과는 MMO게임 디자인 프로세스의 초기 단계에서 효과적인 디자인 의 사결정을 지원하고 게이머의 행동을 이해하는데 중요한 시사점을 제공 할 것 을 기대 된다.

• Archives of design research
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• v.19 no.2 s.64
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• pp.195-206
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• 2006

The computer game industry has managed to become the fastest growing segment of the entertainment industry nowadays. However, only a very low number of computer game products manage to cover the costs of production and generate earnings. According to traditional marketing wisdom, customers' preferences are a core issue in creating successful products, and the design process in game is crucial for guaranteeing garners' satisfaction. This research aimed to explore key design factors for the game design based on the new framework of the usability evaluation. We examined the usability in Massively Multi-player Online Role-playing Games (MMORPGs) and reviewed literatures related to games simultaneously. We identified eighteen usability issues in MMORPG and presented its recommendation relevant to the issues. Moreover, the results of the study showed fifty four key design factors composed of game interface, game play, game narrative, and game mechanics for the game design. The research is concluded with key implications to support the early stage of the design process in game.

• Journal of Korea Game Society
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.23-33
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• 2009

This study aims to uncover the gamers' cognitive process during the gameplay and explore the differences between groups in the gamers' playing behavior according to their expertise: experts, intermediate players, and novices. To this end, the empirical experiment was conducted in 'World of Warcraft' game which is a good representative of MMO(Massively Multi-player Online) game currently. Verbal protocol and action protocol collected from the empirical experiment were analyzed according to the gamers' expertise. As a result of this study, we found that the different behavior patterns result from standardizing pattern of their actions for experts and forming the learning curves and the specific patterns of action for intermediate game players and novices. While three functional-actions as a collection action concentrates on the early stage of the game for experts, the novices' behavior pattern dispersedly appeared in all seven functional-action, such as search, combat, three type collections, avoid, and communication in the whole gameplay. This study represents the consistency and the difference derived from the comparison analysis between groups according to the expertise. This study is concluded with key implications to support game design guidelines according to experts, intermediate players, and novices. Consequently, the result of this study provides the basic to the development of MMO content for game novices.

• Journal of Korea Game Society
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• v.9 no.5
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• pp.25-41
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• 2009

The objective of this study is to develop an analytic framework to code systematically the gamer's behaviour in MMO(Massively Multi-player Online) gameplay experience, to explore their gameplay as a problem solving procedure empirically. Previous studies about model human processor, content based protocol, and procedure based protocol are reviewed in order to build the outline of the analytic framework related to MMO gameplay. The specific gameplay actions and contents were derived by using concurrent protocol analysis method through the empirical experiment executed in MMORPG gameplay. Consequently, gameplay are divided into six actions : kinematics, perception, function, representation, simulation, and rule (heuristics, following, and transcedence). The analytic framework suitable for MMO gameplay was built. As a result of this study, we found three rule spaces in the problem solving domain of gameplay that are an heuristics, a following of the rule, and a transcendence of the rule. 'Heuristics' denotes the rule action that discovers the rule of game through trial-and-error. 'Following' indicates the rule action that follows the rule of game embedded in game by game designers. 'Transcendence' presents the rule action that transcends that. The new discovered rule spaces where 'Following' and 'Transcendence' actions occur and the gameplay pattern in them is provided with the key basis to determine the level design elements of MMO game, such as terrain feature, monster attribute, item, and skill et cetera. Therefore, this study is concludes with key implications to support game design to improve the quality of MMO game product.

• Journal of Korea Game Society
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.13-23
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• 2008

In this study, we analyzed behavioral patterns of the MMOPRG players and re-found design features of MMORPGs from the view points of MMO and RPG. We analyzed the relationship between design features of MMORPGs and flow experience. This study proposes the conceptual design method for MMORPGs based on the flow theory as well as various research results regarding to MMORPGs.

• Journal of Korea Multimedia Society
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• v.12 no.11
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• pp.1652-1660
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• 2009

The main objective of this research is to build a behavior prediction model of gameplay for MMO (Massively Multiplayer Online) game using the GOMS analysis method. GOMS analysis is an observational approach to HCI(Human Computer Interaction) to model and predict behaviors of a human operator in a highly interactive task. In this research, a pilot experiment was previously conducted with three skilled gamers. The gamers were provided with the goals and operators through the user's guide book, and they found methods and selection rules while being observed. Based on the results obtained from the pilot study, this research was expanded and the model was further tested with 30 subjects (game experts). The new outcomes revealed that the relevance of GOMS analysis for predicting selection rules is 96.25% according to the degree of abstraction and 77.35% based on the degree of complexity. This research will provide game designers with a new testing mechanism in the early development stages, in order to improve the quality of the game product.

• Archives of design research
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.119-126
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• 2004

MMO RPG Online game as a new means of human computer interaction has been made rapid progress. Even though many kinds of online game have published, few games are being well received by its user. So we have a problem to be solved what is the fundamentals to attract game users. I will apply a game theory of the Roger Caillois who lived as an typical french thinker. Although Roger Caillois had never experienced a computer game since he died at 1978, his game theory was acknowledged that a game can be classified into four sections to grab the human's interest related with culture. Four sections of game were consisted of Ilinx, Mimicry, Alea, and Agon. The competition with people in game is essential to "Agon" that which stands on the basis of a pride when one is definitely superior to the others. In same way, "Alea" is that which stands on the basis of fortune, Mimicry is that which stands on the basis of simulation, Ilinx is that which stands on the basis of dizzy. In conclusion, I will explain that a game theory of the Roger Caillois is useful tool for deveoper to understand game fundamentals.d game fundamentals.

• 한국HCI학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2009.02a
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• pp.1095-1100
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• 2009

The interests and studies on co-creation activity in metaverse space, or MMO communication applications, increase sharply. The study performed the experiments on the participatory virtual space design that has dedicated to the common goal of creativity, and provides the environments to enhance ideas, technologies, and artistic artifacts sharing and communication. The participants were recruited from a community of artists and musicians. They have been actively participated the design process as photographers, painters, media artists, sound artists, and collectors. During the period, we have preceded 5 consecutive experiments, which were led by 5 independent artists, tested the value of co-creation spaces.