• 한국자원식물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국자원식물학회 2021년도 춘계학술대회
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• pp.53-53
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• 2021

Abeliophyllum distichum Nakai (A. distichum), endemic species of Korea, is classified according to the petals and calyx colors. Recently, A. distichum cv. Okhwang 1, which has the golden flower, designated the first official cultivar improved from A. distichum species. The study on the chloroplast genome of A. distichum cv. Okhwang 1 have been reported, but no studies on bioactivity such as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-cancer have been progressed. This study was conducted to evaluate the inhibition on melanogenesis of the flower from A. distichum cv. Okhwang 1 (FAO). Antioxidant activity was measured using DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging assays. Inhibition effects on melanogenesis of FAO were confirmed by expression of tyrosinase-related proteins and mRNAs using immunoblotting and RT-qPCR. Tyrosinase is an enzyme that regulates both stimulation and inhibition of melanogenesis. Stimulated MITF in cellular levels increases the expressions of tyrosinase, TRP-1, and TRP-2 to induce melanogenesis. As a result, FAO inhibited the expression of MITF, followed by down-regulated tyrosinase, TRP-1, and TRP-2, which lead to inhibit melanin overproduction. In conclusion, these results indicated that FAO reduced reactive oxygen species (ROS) and markedly inhibited the expression of melanin-related factors. The present study suggested providing that FAO has the potential for development as a functional cosmetic material derived from natural.

• 한국자원식물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국자원식물학회 2023년도 임시총회 및 춘계학술대회
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• pp.56-56
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• 2023

The cone of Pinus rigida × Pinus taeda (PRT), a plant in the Pinaceae family, has long been used in traditional medicine to treat hemostasis, bruises, and burns. Previous research has shown that regulating oxidation-reduction reactions in reactive oxygen species can help inhibit melanogenesis, the process of melanin synthesis, which is a common target for addressing hyperpigmentation. Inhibiting tyrosinase is also known to be effective in this regard. Based on these findings, we conducted an investigation into the inhibitory effect of the ethyl acetate fraction of PRT (ERT) on melanogenesis in B16 F10 cells. We know that the expression levels of melanin biosynthesis-related proteins, including tyrosinase, TRP-1, and TRP-2, are regulated by MITF (microphthalmia-associated transcription factor) and cAMP, with cAMP affecting the activity of protein kinase A (PKA). PKA can reduce melanogenesis, and CREB reduces the phosphorylation of melanin-producing enzymes. In addition, the MAPK signaling pathway, composed of ERK, JNK, p38, and other factors, is also known to play a role in the inhibition of melanogenesis in melanocytes. Our immunoblotting results showed that ERT inhibited the expression of melanin production-related proteins (tyrosinase, TRP-1, TRP-2, and MITF) that were significantly increased by a-MSH treatment to promote melanin production. Furthermore, the phosphorylation levels of factors related to cAMP/PKA/CREB and MAPK signaling pathways were significantly reduced without affecting the total form. In conclusion, we believe that treatment with ERT can inhibit melanin synthesis by modulating the phosphorylation of cAMP/PKA/CREB and MAPK signaling pathways at the cellular level. These findings suggest the potential of ERT as a raw material for functional cosmetics and pharmaceuticals, thanks to its antioxidant activity and ability to inhibit melanogenesis. We thought that these findings of ERT as a natural plant resource will inspire further research and development in this area.

• 대한화장품학회지
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• 제41권4호
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• pp.383-389
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• 2015

본 연구는 은행 열매 오일의 멜라닌 생성 억제 효과를 확인한 것이다. 은행나무 열매 오일은 DPPH assay와 FRAP assay를 사용하여 라디컬 소거능을 시험하였다. 결과적으로 은행나무 열매 오일은 DMSO를 용매로 0.06% 녹였을 때, DPPH assay에서 9.96% 소거활성을 나타내었고 FRAP는 1.33 mM의 ferric sulfate ($FeSO_4$)를 생성하였다. 은행 열매 오일은 tyrosinase inhibition assay에서 37.72%의 억제력을 가졌고 B16/F10 세포에 멜라닌 생합성 실험을 통해 확인하였다. 은행 오일 0.06%에서 ${\alpha}$-MSH 처리 구에 비해 48.02%의 멜라닌 생성을 억제하였다. Tyrosinase, tyrosinase related protein-1 (TRP-1), tyrosinase related protein-2 (TRP-2), microphthalmia-associated transcription factor (MITF)의 유전자 발현 수준은 control군에 비해 0.04%와 0.06% 농도 군이 크게 감소하였다. 결과적으로 은행 열매 오일 추출물이 멜라닌 생성을 억제하는 효과가 있는 것으로 확인되었다.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제52권2호
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• pp.168-175
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• 2019

Purpose: Barely sprout is a well-known oriental herbal medicine with a wide range of health benefits. Recent studies have provided scientific evidence of its therapeutic effects with expanded application. This study investigated anti-melanogenic effect of barley sprout water extract (BSE) in murine melanocyte B16F10. Methods: Various concentrations (0, 50, 125, and $250{\mu}g/mL$) of BSE and arbutin (150 ppm) were applied to B16F10 stimulated with or without alpha-melanocyte stimulating hormone (100 nM) for 72 hours. The whitening potency of BSE was determined altered cellular melanin contents. Activity and expression of tyrosinase and microphthalmia-associated transcription factor (MITF) were also assayed. Results: Experimental results revealed that treatment with BSE reduced cellular melanin production by approximately 40% compared to the control. Molecular findings supported that suppressed activity and expression of tyrosinase and MITF proteins by BSE were associated with declined cellular melanogenesis. Furthermore, anti-melanogenic effect of BSE ($250{\mu}g/mL$) was similar to that of arbutin, a commonly used whitening agent. Lastly, polyphenols including p-coumaric, ferulic, and vanillic acids were identified in BSE using HPLC analyses. They might be potential active ingredients showing such melanogenesis-reducing effect. Conclusion: BSE was evident to possess favorable anti-melanogenic potency in an in vitro model. As a natural food sourced material, BSE could be an effective depigmentation agent with potential application in pharmaceutical and cosmetic industries.

• 한국미생물·생명공학회지
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• 제50권2호
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• pp.277-282
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• 2022

본 연구는 한국, 중국 등 극동아시아의 온대지역에서 재배되고 우리나라에서는 콩 다음으로 수요가 많은 팥 껍질(Phaseolus angularis shell)의 미백 효과를 검증하여 화장품 소재로서의 가능성을 확인하고자 하였다. 팥 껍질의 효능을 screening 하기 위하여 효소 실험인 tyrosinase 저해활성을 측정한 결과 1,000 ㎍/ml의 농도에서 76.39%의 저해활성을 나타내었다. 이후 멜라노마 세포의 생존율을 측정하여 팥 껍질이 세포에 독성을 미치지 않는 생존율 90% 이상의 농도에서 세포 실험을 진행하였다. 팥 껍질 추출물이 멜라닌 합성에 영향을 미치는 인자인 MITF, TRP-1, TRP-2, tyrosinase 단백질 및 mRNA 발현 억제 효과를 측정한 결과 모든 인자에서 발현량이 감소하였으며 대조군으로 사용된 kojic acid와 비교하였을 때 발현 정도가 유의하거나 더 감소한 것을 확인할 수 있었다. 이러한 결과, 팥 껍질 추출물의 미백 활성이 우수하다는 것을 확인할 수 있었으며 이는 미백 기능성화장품 소재로서 활용 가능성이 있을 것으로 사료된다.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제31권7호
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• pp.990-998
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• 2021

Melanin is a natural skin pigment produced by specialized cells called melanocytes via a multistage biochemical pathway known as melanogenesis, involving the oxidation and polymerization of tyrosine. Melanogenesis is initiated upon exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation, causing the skin to darken, which protects skin cells from UVB radiation damage. However, the abnormal accumulation of melanin may lead to the development of certain skin diseases, including skin cancer. In this study, the antioxidant and antimelanogenic activities of the cell-free supernatant (CFS) of twenty strains were evaluated. Based on the results of 60% 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl scavenging activity, 21% 2,2'-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) scavenging capacity, and a 50% ascorbic acid equivalent ferric reducing antioxidant power value, Limosilactobacillus fermentum JNU532 was selected as the strain with the highest antioxidant potential. No cytotoxicity was observed in cells treated with the CFS of L. fermentum JNU532. Tyrosinase activity was reduced by 16.7% in CFS-treated B16F10 cells (but not in the cell-free system), with >23.2% reduction in melanin content upon treatment with the L. fermentum JNU532-derived CFS. The inhibitory effect of the L. fermentum JNU532-derived CFS on B16F10 cell melanogenesis pathways was investigated using quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction and western blotting. The inhibitory effects of the L. fermentum JNU532-derived CFS were mediated by inhibiting the transcription of TYR, TRP-1, TRP-2, and MITF and the protein expression of TYR, TRP-1, TRP-2, and MITF. Therefore, L. fermentum JNU532 may be considered a potentially useful, natural depigmentation agent.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• 제39권3호
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• pp.238-242
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• 2015

Background: Panax ginseng has been used to prolong longevity and is believed to be useful for improving skin complexion. Ginsenosides are the most active components isolated from ginseng, and ginsenoside Rg3 (G-Rg3) in particular has been demonstrated to possess antioxidative, antitumorigenic, and anti-inflammatory properties. The aim of this study was to examine the ability of G-Rg3 to inhibit melanogenesis. Methods: The effects of G-Rg3 on melanin contents and the protein levels of tyrosinase, microphthalmia-associated transcription factor (MITF), and tyrosinase-related protein 1 (TRP1) were evaluated. Melanogenesis-regulating signaling molecules such as Akt and extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) were also examined to explore G-Rg3-induced antimelanogenic mechanisms. Results: G-Rg3 was found to significantly inhibit the synthesis of melanin in normal human epidermal melanocytes and B16F10 cells in a dose-dependent manner. The activity of cellular tyrosinase and the expression of MITF, tyrosinase, and TRP1 were all reduced, whereas ERK was strongly activated. PD98059 (a specific inhibitor of ERK) attenuated the G-Rg3-induced inhibition of melanin synthesis and tyrosinase activity. Conclusion: Taken together, these results showed that G-Rg3 induces the activation of ERK, which accounts for its antimelanogenic effects. G-Rg3 may be a promising safe skin-whitening agent, adding to the long list of uses of P. ginseng for the enhancement of skin beauty.

• 한국자원식물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국자원식물학회 2011년도 임시총회 및 추계학술발표회
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• pp.16-16
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• 2011

Melanogenesis is a well-known physiological response of human skin that may occur because of exposure to ultraviolet light, for genetic reasons, or due to other causes. In our effectors to find new skin lightening agents, acanthoic acid (AA) was investigated for its ability to inhibit melanogenesis. The effects of AA isolated from A.koreanumun the expression of $\alpha$-MSH-induced melanogenic factors (tyrosinase, tyrosinase related protein (TRP)-1, TRP-2 and MITF (microphthalmla-associated transcriptional factor)) were investigated in murine B16F10 melanoma cells. The results indicate that AA was an effective inhibitor of melanogenesis in B16F10 cells. To elucidate the mechanism of the effect of AA on melanogenesis, we performed Western blotting for melanogenic proteins. AA inhibited melanogenic factors (tyrosinase, TRP-1, TRP-2) expressions. In this study, we also confirmed that AA decreased the protein level of MITF proteins, which would lead to a decrease of tyrosinase and related genes in B16F10 melanoma cells. In order to apply AA to the human skin, the cytotoxic effects of the AA were determined by MTT assays using human keratinocyte HaCaT cells. Based on these results, we suggest that AA be considered possible anti-melanogenic agent and might be effective against hyperpigmentation disorders for the topical application.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제22권3호
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• pp.318-323
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• 2012

본 연구는 B16F10 melanoma 세포를 사용하여 도인승기탕의 70% EtOH와 물 추출물의 멜라닌 생합성, tyrosinase 활성, western blotting으로 측정하였다. 도인승기탕 추출물은 농도 의존적으로 멜라닌 생합성과 tyrosinase활성을 저해하였다. 그 결과 도인승기탕 70% 에탄올 추출물이 멜라닌 합성을 40%, tyrosinase는 51% 저해효과를 나타내었다. Western blot을 이용하여 B16F10 melanoma 세포 내에 tyrosinase, TRP-1, TRP-2, MITF의 발현을 억제하는 효과를 관찰하였다. 이상의 결과에 따라 도인승기탕의 70% 에탄올 추출물은 미백 소재로서 가능성을 가지는 것으로 나타났다.

• 대한화장품학회지
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• 제42권2호
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• pp.195-201
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• 2016

히솝(Hyssopus officinalis)은 통화식물목 꿀풀과의 여러해살이풀로 방부제, 기침, 거담제 등 일반적으로 방향족 허브와 약용식물로 사용되어왔다. 본 연구에서는 항산화 및 미백소재의 개발을 위해 히솝을 열수와 주정으로 추출하여 각 추출물의 in vitro 상에서의 항산화 효과 및 B16F10 melanoma 세포에서 멜라닌 생성 저해효과를 평가하였다. DPPH와 ABTS assay 시험법을 이용하여 항산화 효과를 측정한 결과, 히솝 추출물의 항산화 활성이 모두 농도 의존적으로 증가하였다. 또한 히솝 추출물은 tyrosianse 활성을 저해시켰으며, B16F10 세포에서 UVB로 증가된 활성산소와 ${\alpha}$-MSH로 유도된 멜라닌 또한 감소시키는 효과를 보였다. 멜라닌 생합성에 관여하는 유전자의 발현에 미치는 영향을 알아보기 위해 RT-PCR을 실시한 결과 히솝 추출물에 의해 MITF, tyrosinase, TRP-2의 발현이 감소되는 것을 확인할 수 있었다. 이러한 결과에 따라 히솝 추출물은 미백개선을 위한 화장품 소재로서 이용 가능성이 높을 것으로 사료된다.