• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.54-59
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• 1994

An antibacterial component was isolated from the roots of evening primrose(Oenothera odorata Jacquin). The component was purified by repeated preparative TLC of the chloroform-extract with solvent system of toluene(7):ethyl acetate(4):formic acid(O.8). NMR spectrum indicated that it is a steroid compound containing radical(-C=C-C=0) and aromatic structures. Its antibacterial activity against strains of the genus Streptococcus was relatively high, the MIC value was 50 acccording to the Hoechst Manual-345, as compared with the other genera such as Staphylococcus and Escherichia.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.31 no.10
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• pp.1677-1684
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• 2018

Objective: To find biological functions such as antibacterial and antioxidant activities in several tropical plants and to investigate the possibility of antibiotic substitute agents to prevent and treat diseases caused by pathogenic bacteria. Methods: Plants such as Poncirus trifoliata fruit (Makrut), Zingiber officinale Rosc (Khing), Areca catechu L. (Mak), Solanum melongena L. I (Makkhuayao), and Solanum melongena L. II (Makhurapro) were extracted by methanol, n-hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate, butanol and water. The free radical scavenging activities were measured using 2-diphenyl-2-picryl hydrazyl photometric assay. Antibacterial activities with a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) were observed by agar diffusion assay against pathogenic strains of Escherichia coli, Burkholderia sp., Haemopilus somnus, Haemopilus parasuis, Clostridium perfringens, and Pantoea agglomerans. Results: Poncirus trifoliata fruit methanol extract showed antibacterial activities against gram-negative and gram-positive pathogens. Additionally, this showed the strongest antibacterial activity against Burkholderia sp. and Haemopilus somnus with MIC $131{\mu}g/mL$, respectively. Areca catechu L. water extract showed antibacterial activities against Burkholderia sp., Haemopilus somnus, and Haemopilus parasuis. The MIC value for Haemopilus parasuis was $105{\mu}g/mL$ in this. Antioxidant activity of Zingiber officinale Rosc n-hexane extract showed 2.23 mg/mL effective concentration 50% ($EC_{50}$) value was the highest activity among tropical plants extracts. Total polyphenol content in Zingiber officinale Rosc methanol extract was $48.4{\mu}g/mL$ and flavonoid content was $22.1{\mu}g/mL$ showed the highest values among tested plants extracts. Conclusion: Taken together, these results suggest that tropical plants used in this study may have a potential benefit as an alternative antibiotics agent through their antibacterial and antioxidant activities.

• Korean Journal of Microbiology
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• v.34 no.1_2
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• pp.31-36
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• 1998

A broad spectrum of antibiotic action was studied with Centipedin purified from centipede Scolopendra subspinipes multilans L. Koch aganist gram-positive, gram-negative bacteria and fungi. The minimal inhibitory concentrations(MICs) were determined in liquid medium. The significant antibiotic activity was obtained aganist gram-negative Klebsiella pneumoniae ATCC 8308 responsible for causing infection at lung and intestine. The MIC value against Klebsiella pneumoniae ATCC 8308 was $2{\mu}g/ml$, and this Centipedin was active against Proteus vulgaris NRRL B-123. In addition, it has been shown that Centipedin blocks procaryotic RNA transcription and a little of DNA replication system in vitro. Centipedin did not exhibit any significant cytotoxicity against animal cells such as human blood leukemia (HL-60) and mouse B lymphocyte myeloma cell.

• Proceedings of the Plant Resources Society of Korea Conference
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• 2003.10b
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• pp.44-44
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• 2003

Leaves from natural populations of Artemisia princeps var. orientalis in Suncheon of South Korea were examined for antimicrobial and antioxidative activities monthly (April through October). The antimicrobial activity of the ethyl acetate and water fractions of crude methanol extract from the plant collected monthly against three gram-positive, two gram-negative and one lactic acid bacteria were studied. The ethyl acetate and water fractions of crude methanol extract from A. princeps var. orientalis collected in August and September had the highest antimicrobial activity. Minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) for each strain by ethyl acetate fraction of methanol extract from A. princeps var. orientalis was different depending on strains and sampling months. MIC for each strain was the highest in the sample of April, followed by October. In specific, MIC for Bacillus cereus was around 0.25mg/disc in the sample of April. The MIC for Staphyllococcus aureus was 0.01mg/disc in the sample of July, August, and September. It was the lowest value among tested strains and samples. And the antimicrobial activity for Lactobacillus plantarum was not found at any concentrations and sampling months. The in vitro antioxidative activities of methanol extract from Artemisia princeps var. orientalis collected monthly were determined by the scavenging of DPPH radical and inhibition of xanthine oxidase activity. The DPPH scavenging activity of the extracts from the plant sampled in May, June and July were higher than any other months. The xanthine oxidase activity of the extract of A. princeps var. orientalis collected in April and May showed the greatest activity, it is different with antimicrobial activity.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.16 no.6
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• pp.1184-1189
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• 2002

Allii sativi Bulbus(garlic) have been shown to possess medicinal value, in particular, antimicrobial activity. In this study, we compared the efficacy on some pathogenic bacteria and fungus among several different extracts(water, hexane, ethyl acetate, methanol, chloroform) of Allii sativi Bulbus. Animal pathogenic bacteria and fungus(S. gallinarium: KCTC 2441, S. flexneri: KCTC 2361, E. cloacae: KCTC 2006, K. pneumonia: KCTC 2208, C. albicans: KCTC 1940) were used to test by measurement of minimum inhibitory concentrations(MIC) and disc diffusion. Allii sativi Bulbus were cut and mixed with water at 37℃ about 24 h and filtered, and several different solvents(hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate, methanol) were respectively added to separate the fraction of each solvent. The antimicrobial(bacteriocidal) and antifungal effect were apparently shown from water extract, hexane and ethyl acetate extract against using strains(Staphylococcus gallinarium, Shigella flexneri, Enterobacter doacae, Klebsiella pneumonia, Candida albicans). Especially, the water extract showed the superior efficacy. And the clear zone size of water extract (11～27 mm) was greater than that of gentamycin, hexane extract and ethyl acetate extract against S. gallinarium. S. flexneri, K. pneumonia and C. albicans. Minimum inhibitory concentrations(MIC) of water extract appeared to around 2.0～7.5 ㎎/㎖ against S. gallinarium, S. flexneri, E. cloacae and K. pneumonia. The greater activity was shown by water extract because the MIC of water extract for C. albicans observed in very low concentration(<1.0 ㎎/㎖) compared to hexane(5.0 ㎎/㎖) and ethyl acetate(10.0 ㎎/㎖). Therefore, these results exhibited that water extract of Allii sativi Bulbus have stronger antimicrobial activity than hexane and ethyl acetate extract, and may be useful as topical medicine of superficial infections causing C. albicans as well as antifungal agents.

• Journal of environmental and Sanitary engineering
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• v.19 no.4 s.54
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• pp.69-75
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• 2004

The inhibitory effect of the food processing agent on growth of Escherichia coli O157:H7, Salmonella Enteritidis, and Listeria monocytogenes was performed with hydrogen peroxide and lactic acid, and combination of hydrogen peroxide and lactic acid. The minimun inhibitory concentration (MIC) of hydrogen peroxide in E coli O157:H7 was 100 ppm at pH 5.0, 6.0, 6.5 and 7.0, while in Listeria monocytogenes 25 ppm at PH 5.5, 6.0 and 50 ppm at PH 6.5, 75ppm at pH 7.0. MIC of lactic acid in E coli O157:H7 was 2500 ppm at pH 5.0, 6.0, 6.5 and 7.0. MIC of lactic acid in S. Enteritidis was 1250 ppm at pH 5.0, 2500 ppm at pH 5.5, 6.0, 5.5 and 7.0, while in L monocytogenes 625 ppm at pH 5.5 and 125 ppm at pH 6.0, 6.5 and 7.0. MIC of combined hydrogen Peroxide and lactic acid in E. coli O157:H7, S. Enteritidis, and L. monocytogenes was 75 ppm of hydrogen peroxide with 2500 ppm of lactic acid at pH 6.5. The correlations between MICs of hydrogen peroxide and lactic acid in E. coli O157:H7, S. Enteritidis and L. monocytogene were obtained through the coefficient of $determination(R^2)$. $R^2$ value were 0.9994, 0.9935 and 0.9283, respectively. The inhibitory effect of hydrogen peroxide and lactic acid in E. coli O157:H7, S. Enteritidis and L. monocytogenes could be confirmed from the result of this experiment. Therefore, it was expected that the food process would increase or maintain by using lactic acid together with hydrogen peroxide.

• Textile Coloration and Finishing
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.55-63
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• 1999

The purpose of this study was to investigate the purification of chitin and chitosan for textile finishing agent from crab shell. Weight loss rate(removing Ca and protein), degree of deacetylation, solubility and MIC(Minimum growth inhibitory concentration) value of chitosan and molecular weight of the treated crab shell were measured. The results of this study were as follows : 1) Weight loss rate(removing Ca) of crab shell treated with HCI increased with the concentration of HCI and treatment time, but it became constant over 60 min. of treatment time. 2) Weight loss rate(removing protein) of crab shell treated with NaOH(0.5N∼2N) increased with the concentration of NaOH and treatment temperature and time, but it became constant above loot of temperature and over 200 min. of treatment time. 3) Degree of deacetylation of chitin treated with NaOH increased with the concentration of NaOH(40∼60％), but molecular weight decreased and thus MIC value increased. 4) Concentration of acetic acid should be above 0.3％ to dissolve chitosan easily. Solubility for chitosan was the highest with formic acid, and the next was acetic acid, hydrochloric acid, lactic acid and sulfuric acid in order.

• Natural Product Sciences
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.47-53
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• 2018

Callophylum symingtonianum (Guttiferae), an evergreen broad-leaved tree that usually grows in hill forests, can be found distributed in the Malay Peninsula. The barks, leaves, flowers and seeds is often used medicinally to treat diarrhea and rheumatism. In the present study, we isolated two inophyllum type coumarins, 12-O-ethylinophyllum D (1) and iso-soulattrolide (2) from the stembarks of C. symingtonianum together with their antibacterial activity. The compounds were isolated by chromatographic methods on a silica gel. The structures were established by spectroscopic methods including UV, IR, (1D and 2D) NMR and mass spectrometry as well as by comparison with several literature sources. The antibacterial activity of those compounds was tested using a disc-diffusion assay against Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus cereus, Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Both compound exhibited mild inhibition against P. aeruginosa with both $111{\mu}g/ml$ MIC value. Compound 2 also inhibits S. aureus with $25{\mu}g/ml$ MIC value.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.40 no.4
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• pp.478-481
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• 1996

Two constituents were isolated as the antibacterial principles from the methanolic extract of Crassirhizomae Rhizoma against Streptococcus mutans OMZ176 which is known to be a strong cariogenic bacterium. They were identified as flavaspidic acid PB and flavaspidic acid AB by means of physicochemical methods. They exhibited strong antibacterial activity and the minimal inhibitory concentration(MIC) value was 6.3${\mu}g$/ml

• Food Science and Biotechnology
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.321-323
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• 2006

A combination of thymol and sodium bisulfate was found to be an effective biocidal agent against strains of Burkholderia cepacia and of Xanthomonas maltophilia that were found in the space shuttle water system. Potassium iodide (KI), the biocidal agent used in the past, had a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 50,000 ppm against the two B. cepacia (541 STS-81 and 1119 STS-91) strains, whereas that of thymol and sodium bisulfate was 2,400 and 950 ppm, which was 21 and 53 times lower than that of KI for B. cepacia, respectively. The MIC value for the combination of thymol and sodium bisulfate was 4 times lower than that for thymol or sodium bisulfate alone against B. cepacia (541 STS-81, 1119 STS-91) or Pseudomonas cepacia (ATCC 31941). The fractional inhibitory concentration (FIC) of the combination of thymol and sodium bisulfate for all organisms tested was less than 0.5, indicating a strong synergistic effect.