• Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging
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• v.42 no.sup1
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• pp.134-136
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• 2008

Neuroblastoma is the most common extracranial solid tumor in children. In diagnostic assessment of neuroblastoma, $^{18}F-FDG$ PET has been reported to have high diagnostic performance, especially, very high sensitivity in staging, restaging, and assessment of therapeutic efficacy. In comparison with conventional diagnostic imaging modalities including a, bone scan, and MIBG scan, $^{18}F-FDG$ PET showed better diagnostic performance. According to clinical research data hitherto, $^{18}F-FDG$ PET is expected to be an effective diagnostic tool in the management of neuroblastoma.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• v.38 no.1
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• pp.61-64
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• 2005

We report a 18-year-old man, who has been taking antihypertensive medication for 1month in a local clinic, presented with a sudden onset headache followed by left blindness. He experienced palpitation and chest discomfort during physical exertion since 2years before admission, but unfortunately has been ignored. Brain CT showed intracerebral hemorrhage in the left temporoparietal area, but cerebral angiogram and magnetic resonance image revealed no vascular anomaly. He was managed conservatively, and headache and visual loss were improved over time. Subsequently, on the evaluation of hypertension, he was diagnosed as having extra-adrenal pheochromocytoma on left paraaortic area from the results of endocrinological evaluations, abdominal CT scan, and $^{131}I$-MIBG scintigraphy.

• Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging
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• v.42 no.sup1
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• pp.130-133
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• 2008

Adrenal tumors are increasingly detected by widespread use of anatomical imaging such as a, MRI, etc. For these adrenal tumors, differentiation between malignancy and benignancy is very important. In diagnostic assessment of adrenal tumor, $^{18}F-FDG$ PET and PET-CT have been reported to have high diagnostic performance, especially, very excellent performance in evaluation of adrenal metastasis in the oncologic patient. In cases of adrenal incidentalomas, $^{18}F-FDG$ PET or PET-CT is helpful if a or chemical-shift MRI is inconclusive. $^{18}F-FDG$ PET and PET-CT may be applied to the patients with MIBG-negative pheochromocytomas. In summary, $^{18}F-FDG$ PET and PET-CT are expected to be effective diagnostic tools in the management of adrenal tumor.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.635-643
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• 1995

핵의학(nuclear medicine )이 란 방사성 및 안정 핵종의 동위원소표지 화합물을 인체에 투여하여, 관심장기의 형태 및 기능을 평가하여 해부학적 또는 생리학적 상태를 진단, 치료하는 의학의 전문 분야이다. 핵의학에 이용되던 방사성 핵종은 1960년대 까지만 해도 $^{131}$ I이 주였으나 1970년대 부터는 $^{99}$Mo -$^{99m}$ Tc 발생기와 $^{99m}$ TC으로 표지된 방사성의 약품이 활발히 이용되면서 $^{131}$ I을 대신하게 되었다. 원자로-생산핵종들의 특성은 중성자가 과잉이어 붕괴시 배타입자를 방출하는 점으로, 이것이 각종 질병의 치료에 이용되고 있다. 특히 각종 표시 화합물의 성질을 이용하여 원하는 부위에 방사선을 집중시킬 수 있음이 외부조사보다 유리한 점이다. 방사성핵종을 이용한 악성종양의 치료에 가장 성공적인 것은 분화된 갑상선 암환자에서 $^{131}$ I을 사용한 것이며, 갈색세포종 등에 $^{131}$ I-MIBG도 효과적이다. 악성종양의 골전이 치료에 베타선을 방출하는$^{32}$P, $^{186}$ Re, $^{153}$ Sm 등이 이용되었다. 종양의 동맥에 주입하여 세동맥이나 모세혈관에 걸리는 기름, 교진 또는 입자에 의한 치료에 $^{131}$ I-lipiodol, ethiodol, $^{32}$P 또는$^{90}$ Y흡사 ceramic resin 미소구 $^{166}$ Ho 유산중합체 미소구 등이 이용된다. $^{166}$ Ho, $^{198}$ Au, $^{32}$P, $^{90}$ Y, $^{169}$ Er, $^{186}$ Rc, $^{131}$ I, $^{211}$ At 등 의 방사성 핵종의 교질, 미소구 또는 단세포군 항체표지 형태로 직접 종양내 또는 공동이나 체강에 투여하는 치료법이 있다. 류마치스 관절염의 슬관절에 $^{165}$ Dy colloid를 주사하는 $^{166}$ Ho-MAA도 활발히 이용되고 있다.

• The Korean Journal of Nuclear Medicine Technology
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.214-221
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• 2008

Purpose: We make a qualitative analysis of whether Fusion SPECT/CT can find lesion's anatomical sites better than existing SPECT or not, and we want to show the usefulness of SPECT/CT through finding out effects of CT attenuation correction on SPECT images. Materials and Method: 1. The evaluation of fusion images: This study comprised patients who was tested $^{131}I$-MIBG, Bone, $^{111}In$-Octreotide, Meckel's diverticulum, Parathyroid MIBI with Precedence 16 or Symbia T2 from 2008 Jan to Aug. We compared SPECT/CT image with non fusion image and make a qualitative analysis. 2. The evaluation of attenuation correction: We classified 38 patients who was tested 201Tl myocardial exam with Symbia T2 into 5 sections by using Cedars Sinai' QPS program - Ant, Inf, Lat, Septum, Apex. And we showed each section's perfusion states by percentage. We compared the each section's perfusion-states differences between CT AC and Non AC by average${\pm}$standard deviation. Results: 1. The evaluation of fusion images : In high energy $^{131}I$ cases, it was hard to grasp exact anatomical lesions due to difference between regions and surrounding lesions' uptake level. After combining with CT, we could grabs anatomical lesion more exactly. And in meckel's diverticulum case or to find lesions around bowels or organs with $^{111}In$ cases, it demonstrates its superiority. Bone SPECT/CT images help to distinguish between disk spaces certainly and give correct results. 2. The evaluation of attenuation correction: There is no significant difference statistically in Ant and Lat (p>0.05), but there is a meaningful difference in Inferior, Apex and Septum (p<0.05). AC perfusion at inferior wall in the 5 sections of myocardium: The perfusion difference between Non AC perfusion image ($68.58{\pm}7.55$) and CT corrected perfusion image ($76.84{\pm}6.52$) was the largest by $8.26{\pm}4.95$ (p<0.01, t=10.29). Conclusion: Nuclear medicine physicians can identify not only molecular image which shows functional activity of lesions but also anatomical location information of lesions with more accuracy using the combination of SPECT and CT systems. Of course this combination helps nuclear medicine physician find out the abnormal parts. Moreover combined data sets help separate between normal group and abnormal group in complicated body part. So clinicians can carry out diagnosis and treatment planning at the same time with a single test image. In addition, when we examine a myocardium in thorax where attenuation can occur easily, we can trust perfusion more in a certain region in SPECT test because CT provides the capability for accurate attenuation correction. In these reasons, we think we can prove the justice after treatment fusion image.