• Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
• /
• 제38권2호
• /
• pp.90-101
• /
• 2022

The study aims to assess composition, diversity and population indices of natural regeneration of woody species in Jebel El Gerrie forest reserve, Blue Nile State, Sudan. We conducted field work between December 2018 and January 2019. We used random sampling to collect vegetation data in the forest where we made a total of 90 circular sample plots (radius 17.84 m) and distributed them proportionally to the area of each of the four density-based vegetation classes of the forest i.e. high density (C1), medium density (C2), low density (C3) and crop land (C4). In each sample plot we identified all regenerating tree species and counted their regeneration frequencies. We calculated ecological metrics of regeneration frequency, density, abundance, richness, evenness, diversity and importance value index (IVI) and drew abundance rank curve. Results revealed that out of fifteen mature tree species present, natural regeneration of 8 species, which belong to 6 families, was observed. The relatively most frequently naturally regenerating and abundant species were Anogeissus leiocarpa and Combretum hartmannianum. Richness, evenness and diversity of regenerating species were 1.33, 0.82 and 1.7, respectively. One-way ANOVA (α=0.05) of mean regeneration densities disclosed that there were significant differences (F_3,86=16.77, p=0.000) between C2 & C3 (p=0.000) and C2 & C4 (p=0.000). While regeneration of seven tree species were absent, two, two and four species were of good, poor and fair regeneration status, respectively. A comparison of mean density of natural regeneration with that of parent trees reflects a poor regeneration status of the forest. The study provides empirical results on the regeneration status of species and signifies the need for management interventions for species conservation and restoration, maintenance of biodiversity and sustainable production.

• 한국식생활문화학회지
• /
• 제23권6호
• /
• pp.793-800
• /
• 2008

This study was conducted to evaluate the food habits and nutrient intake of preschool children by investigating their food and snack consumption. To accomplish this, a food habit questionnaire and dietary intake survey was administered to 148 children between 2 and 6 years of age (average 4.8 years). According to the Kaup index, the underweight, normal, overweight and obesity levels of the subjects were 4.7, 60.1, 26.4, and 8.8%, respectively. In addition, the total energy intake met the EAR ($1433.94{\pm}369.70kcal$), whereas the protein, iron, phosphorus, vitamin B and vitamin C levels exceeded the EAR and the RI. Furthermore, the nutrient intake profile revealed that the mean caloric value of breakfasts consumed by preschool children in Daegu (403 kcal) was significantly (p<0.001) higher than that of preschool children in the Gyeongbuk area (271 kcal). Additionally, preschool children in Daegu ($382.96{\pm}255.79kcal$) usually consumed significantly (p<0.01) less food than those in the Gyeongbuk area ($413.82{\pm}275.43kcal$). The preferred snacks among subjects (in descending order) were milk, bread, fruit, potato or sweet potato and cookies. The mean score of the Food Habit was $3.72{\pm}0.35$ out of 5, although the score of preschool children in Daegu ($3.77{\pm}0.32$) was significantly (p<0.05) higher than that of children in the Gyeongbuk area ($3.65{\pm}0.32$). Taken together, these results indicate that there were significant differences in the Food Habit and nutrient intake level of children in Daegu and the Gyeongbuk area. Therefore, parents and caregivers should be aware of the importance of the nutritional status of preschool children and choose healthy snacks for them.

• 한국조경학회지
• /
• 제39권1호
• /
• pp.46-55
• /
• 2011

숲과 식물은 누구나 소중하다고 인식은 하지만 언제나 우리 주변에 있어 왔기에 그 중요함을 간과해 왔다. 수목원은 이러한 숲과 식물에 대한 자연학습장의 역할과 생태계의 식물을 수집, 전시하여 이용자들에게 환경에 대한 교육과 휴양, 식물에 대한 지식을 제공하는 시설의 하나이다. 누구나 방문 비용을 투입하면 맑은 공기와 쾌적한 환경, 다양한 식물에 대한 지식과 여가 환경을 이용할 수 있게 된다. 하지만 이러한 이용객들이 소비한 금액이 누리고 있는 수목원의 올바른 가치인지는 고려해 봐야 할 과제 중의 하나라고 생각된다. 수목원이 제공하고 있는 환경은 비시장재(Extramarket Goods), 또는 공공재(Public Goods)이며, 이러한 공공재의 가치를 추정하기 위한 다양한 아이디어와 방법들이 경제학자와 통계학자, 수학자들 사이에서 꾸준히 연구되어 왔다. 그 중 가상가치측정법(CVM)은 환경재의 평가 방법으로 널리 사용되고 있으며, 미국대법원에서 환경의 복원 비용 배상을 위한 추정 방법으로 적용되었다. 본 연구는 CVM을 수목원의 가치 측정에 접목시켜 이용자 및 일반 국민들이 막연하게 생각하던 특정한 환경의 가치를 현재의 통용되는 화폐액으로 제시하고자 수행되었다. 제시금액에 대한 응답에서 수목원의 환경에 대한 교육적 가치(envedu)가 높을수록, 소득(inc)이 높을수록 "예"의 응답을 할 확률이 유의한 수준으로 높아짐을 알 수 있었다. 경남수목원을 방문하고 있는 이용객 일인당 인식하는 환경의 가치는 WTPmean 15,648원, WTPmedian 13,648원, WTPtruncated 15,449원으로 추정하였다. 이를 연간 경남수목원이 제공하는 환경적 가치로 환산하면 WTPmean 8,408,265,024원, WTPmedian 7,333,589,024원, WTPtruncated 8,301,334,762원으로 추정하였다. 이러한 제시된 금액은 수목원의 보전가치로 볼 수 있으며, 비 이용자들에게도 자연환경의 소중함을 일깨워 줄 수 있을 것이다. 또한 일반인들에게도 수목원과 숲에 대한 올바른 지식과 가치를 인식하는데도 많은 도움이 될 것이다.

• 대한원격탐사학회지
• /
• 제33권5_1호
• /
• pp.559-570
• /
• 2017

본 연구에서는 야외에서 자료 취득이 가능하며 한 번에 다량의 사과를 촬영할 수 있는 지상용 초분광 스캐너를 활용하여 사과의 분광정보와 당도와의 부분최소제곱회귀분석(PLSR, Partial Least Square Regression)을 수행하였으며, 최적의 예측모델을 구축하기 위한 다양한 전처리기법의 적용가능성을 평가하고 VIP(Variable Importance in Projection)점수를 통한 최적밴드를 산출하였다. 이를 위하여 360-1019 nm영역에서 촬영된 515밴드의 초분광 영상에서 70개의 분광곡선을 취득하였으며, 디지털광도계를 이용하여 당도($^{\circ}Brix$)를 측정하였다. 사과의 분광특성과 당도사이의 회귀모델을 구축하였으며, 최적의 예측모델은 모델 예측치와 실측치간의 결정계수($r_p^2$, coefficient of determination of prediction)와 RMSECV(Root Mean Square Error of Cross Validation), RMSEP(Root Mean Square Error of Prediction)등을 고려하여 선정하였다. 그 결과 산란보정 기법의 대표적인 MSC(Multiplicative Scatter Correction)의 기반의 전처리기법이 가장 효과적이었으며, MSC와 SNV(Standard Normal Variate)를 조합한 경우 RMSECV와 RMSEP가 각각 0.8551과 0.8561로 가장 낮았고, $r_c^2$와 $r_p^2$은 각각 0.8533과 0.6546으로 가장 높았다, 또한 360-380, 546-690, 760, 915, 931-939, 942, 953, 971, 978, 981, 988, 992-1019 nm 등이 당도 측정을 위한 가장 영향력 있는 파장영역으로 나타났다. 해당 영역의 분광값을 가지고 PLSR을 수행한 결과, 전파장대를 사용할 때보다 RMSEP가 0.6841로 감소하고 $r_p^2$는 0.7795로 증가하는 것을 확인하였다. 본 연구를 통하여 사과의 당도측정에 있어 야외에서 취득한 초분광 영상자료의 활용 가능성을 확인하였으며, 이는 필드자료 및 센서 활용분야의 확장가능성을 보여준다.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
• /
• 제17권2호
• /
• pp.231-243
• /
• 1984

Despite its known limitation in the diagnostic value, the electrocardiography is one of the most common and routine examinations in the management of the patients with cardiac problems. The clinical results of 291 patients who underwent isolated mitral valve replacement from October 1978 to June 1983 were already reported. Their electrocardiograms were studied to assess the value of electrocardiographic examination in following the patients after valve replacement. The patients were divided into 5 groups beforehand according to the types of valve lesion on the bases of preoperative diagnosis and operative findings: Groups I: stenosis, I1: stenosis-dominant mixed, II1: equally mixed, IV: insufficiency-dominant mixed, and V: insufficiency. Their preoperative cardiac rhythm was sinus in 39.2% and atrial fibrillation in 59.1% of the patients. Seventy-three [42.4%] of the patients with atrial fibrillation gained sinus rhythm after operation, occurring in 67 from the day of surgery, and 42 returned to atrial fibrillation while 37 kept sinus rhythm at the follow-up end [mean follow-up period, 13.4\ulcorner1.4 months]. The P waves on the electrocardiograms of the preoperative sinus rhythm in 114 patients were normal in 5.3% and the findings of left atrial enlargement in 94.7% of the cases. They were normal in 42.1% and the findings of left atrial enlargement in 57.9% of the 140 patients with sinus rhythm at the follow-up. The preoperative major chamber enlargement was the right ventricle in Group I while it was the left ventricle in Group V, and it was in-between in Groups II-IV. The postoperative regression of the findings in ventricular enlargement was statistically significant only in Groups I and V. These results may suggest the importance of the serial electrocardiograms in following the patients with mitral valve replacement on the bases of outpatient. The electrocardiographic follow-up data were presented in patients with suspected or proved tissue valve failures.

• 한국대기환경학회지
• /
• 제18권2호
• /
• pp.113-126
• /
• 2002

This study was carried out to evaluate the temporal (daily, weekly, and seasonal) variations of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) concentrations at a road-side site in a heavy-traffic central area of Metropolitan Taegu. Ambient air sampling was undertaken continuously for 14 consecutive days in each of four seasons from the spring of 1999 to the winter of 2000. The VOC samples were collected using adsorbent tubes, and were determined by thermal desorption coupled with GC/MS analysis. A total of 10 aromatic VOCs of environmental concern were determined, including benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, m＋p-xylenes, styrene, o-xylene, 1,3,5-trimethylbenzene, 1,2,4-trimethylbenzene, and naphthalene. Among 10 target VOCs, the most abundant compounds appeared to be toluene (1.5 ∼ 102 ppb) and xylenes (0.1 ∼ 114 ppb), while benzene levels were in the range of 0.3 ∼6 ppb. It was found that the general trends of VOC levels were significantly dependent on traffic conditions at the sampling site since VOC concentrations were at their maximum during rush hours (AM 7∼9 and PM 7 ∼9). However, some VOCs such as toluene, xylenes, and ethylbenzene were likely to be affected by a number of unknown sources other than vehicle exhaust, being attributed to the use of paints, and/or the evaporation of solvents used nearby the sampling site. In some instances, extremely high concentrations were found for these compounds, which can not be explained solely by the impact of vehicle exhaust. The results of this study may be useful for estimating the relative importance of different emission sources in large urban areas. Finally, it was suggested that the median value might be more desirable than the arithmetic mean as a representative value for the VOC data group, since the cumulative probability distribution (n=658) does not follow the normal distribution pattern.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
• /
• 제15권21호
• /
• pp.9405-9410
• /
• 2014

Purpose: To evaluate the prognostic impact of peritoneal washing cytology in patients with endometrial and ovarian cancers. Materials and Methods: We retrospectively identified 86 individuals with ovarian carcinomas, ovarian borderline tumors and endometrial adenocarcinomas. The patients had been treated at Shahid Sadoughi Hospital and Ramazanzadeh Radiotherapy Center, Yazd, Iran between 2004 and 2012. Survival differences were determined by Kaplan-Meier analysis. Multivariate analysis was performed using the Cox regression method. A p<0.05 value was considered statistically significant. Results: There were 36 patients with ovarian carcinomas, 4 with borderline ovarian tumors and 46 with endometrial carcinomas. The mean age of the patients was $53.8{\pm}15.2years$. In patients with ovarian carcinoma the overall survival in the negative cytology group was better than the patients with positive cytology although this difference failed to reach statistical significance (p=0.30). At 0 to 50 months the overall survival was better in patients with endometrial adenocarcinoma and negative cytology than the patients with positive cytology but then it decreased (p=0.85). At 15 to 60 months patients with FIGO 2009 stage IA-II endometrial andocarcinoma and negative peritoneal cytology had a superior survival rate compared to 1988 IIIA and positive cytology only, although this difference failed to reach statistical significance(p=0.94). Multivariate analysis using Cox proportional hazards model showed that stage and peritoneal cytology were predictors of death. Conclusions: Our results show good correlation of peritoneal cytology with prognosis in patients with ovarian carcinoma. In endometrial carcinoma it had prognostic importance. Additional research is warranted.

• 사물인터넷융복합논문지
• /
• 제10권1호
• /
• pp.39-45
• /
• 2024

항만 성능에 대한 정확한 평가는 컨테이너 물동량은 매우 중요한 요소이며, 효과적인 항만 개발 및 운영 전략에 대한 정확한 예측이 필수적이다. 하지만 해양 산업의 급격한 변화로 인해 컨테이너 물동량 예측의 정확성이 향상되기는 어렵다. 이를 해결하기 위해 사물인터넷(IoT)을 이용한 항만 성능에 미치는 영향을 분석하여 부산항의 경쟁력과 효율성을 향상시키기 위해 적용이 필요하다. 이에 본 연구에서는 부산항의 미래 컨테이너 물동량을 예측하기 위한 예측 모델을 개발하는 것을 목표로 이를 통해 항만 관리 기관의 개선된 의사 결정과 항만 생산성을 향상시키는 데 초점을 맞추고 있다. 항만 컨테이너 물동량을 예측하기 위해 본 연구에서는 기계 학습 모델의 Extreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost) 기법을 도입하였다. XGBoost는 다른 알고리즘에 비해 높은 정확도, 빠른 학습 및 예측 속도,과적합을 방지하고 Feature Importance 제공하는 장점이 돋보인다. 특히 XGBoost는 회귀 예측 모델링에 직접 사용할 수 있어 기존 연구에서 제시된 물동량 예측 모델의 정확도 향상에 도움이 된다. 이를 통해 본 연구는 4.3% MAPE (Mean absolute percenture error) 값으로 제안된 방법이 컨테이너 물동량을 정확하고 신뢰성 있게 예측할 수 있다. 본 연구에서 제시한 방법론을 통해서 부산 컨테이너물동량의 정확성을 높일 수 있을 것으로 판단된다.

• 한국환경생태학회지
• /
• 제12권4호
• /
• pp.373-380
• /
• 1999

한려해상국립공원의 금산지역 벽련-대장봉 계곡부(해발 200~650m)의 해발고와 사면부위에 따른 산림구조를 조사하기 위하여 해발고와 사면부위에 따라 48개 조사구를 설정하였다. 교목상층의 밀도. 평균흉고직경, 흉고단면적의 범위는 각각 820~1873본/ha, 10.7~14.6cm, 17.7~22.2$\m^2$/ha이었으며, 해발고가 높아질수록 교목층 전체의 밀도는 감소하는 반면 평균흉고직경과 흉고단면적은 증가하는 경향이었다. 해발고가 높아짐에 따라 중요치가 증가하는 경향을 보이는 수종은 신갈나무, 때죽나무, 당단풍, 팥배나무 등이었으며. 감소하는 수종은 해송, 소나무, 산벚나무, 산딸나무, 사스레피나무 등이었다 사면하부에서 상부로 갈수록 중요치가 증가하는 수종은 쇠물푸레, 굴참나무, 팥배나무 등이었으며, 감소하는 수종은 때죽나무, 비목, 느티나무 등이었다. 계곡 정부를 제외할 때 해발고가 높아질수록 종수, 균재도, 종다양도가 증가하는 것으로 나타남으로써 인간의 간섭이 비교적 심하였음이 시사되었다. 계곡정부를 제외한 해발고대간 유사도지수는 42.0~7l.8%, 사면부위간 유사도지수는 74.8~76.7%로서 사면부위보다 해발고에 따른 종구성 상태의 차이가 심한 것으로 나타났다. 수종별 중요치에 의하여 cluster분석한 결과 계곡하부의 졸참나무-소나무군집, 계곡중부의 사면 중, 하부와 계곡상부의 서어나무-활엽수군집, 계곡중부의 사면상부에 위치하는 굴참나무-서어나무군집, 계곡정부의 신갈나무-때죽나무군집 등 4개 군집으로 구분되었다. 종상관 분석 결과 졸참나무, 소나무, 해송 사스레피나무 등 4개 수종간, 서어나무, 느티나무, 말채나무 등 3개 수종간 유의적인 정의 상관이 있었다.

• 부모자녀건강학회지
• /
• 제6권1호
• /
• pp.1-17
• /
• 2003

Thus, I studied Health services supplied by local health centers and the requirements of the inhabitants visiting the health care facilities. The purpose of this study was to provide basic material for the establishment of Health care policy and the development of health care businesses. The target places for this study were 4 health centers; Chungrang-Gu, Nowon-Gu, Eunpyung-Gu, Songpa-Gu, with 509 mothers who were visiting the Centers. The question items of this study concerned a total of 124 health-related services provided by the Health Centers. The data was collected for a total of 92 days; July 1st~September 30th, 1999. 800 questionaries were distributed and 559 answered, 509 were analyzed finally. The collected data were processed using the SAS program to get mean, standard deviation, percentage. Open questions were made to reveal the opinions of mothers using the health care center. The results were as follows : 1. Among the participants of the study, 49.7% were 25~29 years of age, 84.3% were house wives by current occupation, 56.2% were from 4~6 person households. 52.1 were educated at a high school level, and 43.6% were educated at a collage level. 2. The highest percentage(53.6%) of the users were spontaneous in their utilization of health care center. The major reason for using the Health care center is that it is free to 65.8% of those covered and of low cost to 19.3% of those covered. 3. The satisfaction level of those using the health care center appeared to be generally high. The general average value showed up as $3.027{\pm}0.519$. 4. The level of recognition of the value of the heath care center services was high, particularly in the basic item of diagnoses of pregnancy, particularly in the basic item of diagnoses of pregnancy. However, the satisfaction level of health care education In pregnancy is low at 20~40%. In the meantime, the level of recognition in breast- feeding benefits is high at 76.8%. 5. The rate of realizing health care center's service campaign was generally low at 10~20%. 41.3 of the people knew the advertizing material of the health care centers. 32.4% of the people knew the advertizing material of the health care centers. 32.4% of the people knew the campaign of health care center for importance of breast-feeding benefits. 30.1% of the people knew the campaign for testing congenital mechanism disease. In the meantime about 50% was recognised the health care centers campaign for the importance and time of infants vaccination. 6. The need for enhancement of health care center services was shown to be high as $3.266{\pm}0.676$ as an average, chicken pox vaccination being the most highly requested at $3.565{\pm}0.587.$. 7. Among the open questions, the additional service to be provided were as follows ; increase of campaign of health care center services, furnishing advertizing books in public locations, providing shuttle bus service to the health care centers, extension of desire for preventative injections, rest and play areas for the children of the families serviced, consultation rooms, etc.