• 한국의학물리학회지:의학물리
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• 제7권2호
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• pp.57-65
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• 1996

피부 T 세포림프종에 대하여 4MeV 의 전자선으로 전 피부 방사선 조사를 시행하였다. 피부전체의 균일한 선량분포를 위하여 스탠포드대학의 방법으로 알려져 있는 six dual field 기법을 사용하였다. SSD 는 390cm로 하였으며 방사선 조사시의 gantry 의 각은 환자의 중심을 지나는 수평축에 대하여 상ㆍ하로 14$^{\circ}$가 되도록 하였다. 전자콘을 설치해야만 전자선 조사가 가능하므로 최대의 전자콘인 25$\times$25cm콘을 사용하였다. 치료면에서의 선량분포의 균일성을 확인하기 위하여 치료면에 90$\times$180cm의 폴리스틸렌을 설치하고 Famer type ion chamber와 측정용 필름을 사용하여 측정하였다. 그 결과 치료면에서 10% 정도의 균일함을 보였다. 환자의 자세를 하루에 세가지씩 이틀에 걸쳐 여섯가지 자세를 한 주기로 치료를 시행하였다. 선량이 부족한 정수리, 회음부, 발바닥 등은 따로 추가의 방사선을 조사하였다. 렌즈와 손톱, 발톱은 차폐물을 제작하여 차폐하였다.

• Natural Product Sciences
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• 제25권4호
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• pp.317-325
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• 2019

Here, we designed to examine the anti-inflammatory effects on RAW264.7 cells and the immunosuppressive effects by evaluating interleukin-2 (IL-2) production in Jurkat T cells using a MeOH extract of Panax notoginseng roots. The results showed that the MeOH extract inhibited the synthesis of nitric oxide (NO) in a dose-dependent manner (IC₅₀ value of 7.08 ㎍/mL) and displayed effects on T cell activation at a concentration of 400 ㎍/mL. In efforts to identify the potent compounds, bioactivity-guided fractionation of the MeOH extract and chemical investigation of its active CH₂Cl₂-, EtOAc-, and butanol-soluble fractions led to the successful isolation and identification of eleven compounds, including two polyacetylenes (1, 2), a steroid saponin (3), seven dammarane-type ginsenosides (4 - 10), and an oleanane-type ginsenoside (11). Among them, compound 11 was isolated from this plant for the first time. Compound 2 exhibited potent inhibitory effects on NO synthesis and an immunosuppressive effect with IC₅₀ values of 2.28 and 65.57 μM, respectively.

• Molecules and Cells
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• 제28권2호
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• pp.105-109
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• 2009

We reported previously that overexpression of a salicylic acid (SA) methyltransferase1 gene from rice (OsBSMT1) or a SA glucosyltransferase1 gene from Arabidopsis thaliana (AtSAGT1) leads to increased susceptibility to Pseudomonas syringae due to reduced SA levels. To further examine their roles in the defense responses, we assayed the transcript levels of AtBSMT1 or AtSAGT1 in plants with altered levels of SA and/or other defense components. These data showed that AtSAGT1 expression is regulated partially by SA, or nonexpressor of pathogenesis related protein1, whereas AtBSMT1 expression was induced in SA-deficient mutant plants. In addition, we produced the transgenic Arabidopsis plants with RNAi-mediated inhibition of AtSAGT1 and isolated a null mutant of AtBSMT1, and then analyzed their phenotypes. A T-DNA insertion mutation in the AtBSMT1 resulted in reduced methyl salicylate (MeSA) levels upon P. syringae infection. However, accumulation of SA and glucosyl SA was similar in both the atbsmt1 and wild-type plants, indicating the presence of another SA methyltransferase or an alternative pathway for MeSA production. The AtSAGT1-RNAi line exhibited no altered phenotypes upon pathogen infection, compared to wild-type plants, suggesting that (an)other SA glucosyltransferase(s) in Arabidopsis plants may be important for the pathogenesis of P. syringae.

• PNF and Movement
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• 제16권3호
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• pp.365-376
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• 2018

Purpose: This study investigates research trends in the Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation (PNF) and Movement journal. Methods: This study analyzes the frequency of keywords and their coincidences with medical subject headings (MeSH) over 15 years in 315 papers from volume 1, issue 1 to volume 15, issue 3 of a journal published by the Korean Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation Association. The research types and levels are also analyzed, and the journals are classified by subject, diagnosis, application of PNF, and technique used when PNF is applied. All of the variables are classified in five-year units and their trends are examined. Results: A total of 315 papers were published in 40 issues, and 1190 keywords were used over 15 years. The most frequently used keyword was "PNF." For the keywords that coincided with the MeSH, there were 235 (19.74%) complete coincidence words, 167 (14.03%) incomplete coincidence words, and 788 (66.21%) complete incoincidence words. Thus, the number of complete incoincidence words was the largest. For research types, there were 196 (61.90%) experimental studies, which was the most studied research type. For research levels, there were 155 (49.21%) Level 3 studies (non-randomized trial), which was the research level with the largest number of papers. Normal people were the most common subjects (121 cases, 38.41%), and the number of papers that did not use PNF was 187 (59.37%), which was larger than those that used PNF. The most frequently used combination technique was isotonics when PNF was used. Conclusion: Basic data on PNF-related research was obtained by analyzing papers published over the past 15 years. This information can be used to suggest future directions for PNF research.

• 대한치과교정학회지
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• 제53권6호
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• pp.402-419
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• 2023

Objective: This study assessed the differences in soft tissue deviations of the nose, lips, and chin between different mandibular asymmetry types in Class III patients. Methods: Cone-beam computed tomography data from 90 Class III patients with moderate-to-severe facial asymmetry were investigated. The sample was divided into three groups based on the extent of mandibular rolling, yawing, and translation. Soft tissue landmarks on the nose, lips, and chin were investigated vertically, transversely, and anteroposteriorly. A paired t test was performed to compare variables between the deviated (Dv) and nondeviated (NDv) sides, and one-way analysis of variance with Tukey's post-hoc test was performed for intergroup comparisons. Pearson's correlation coefficient was calculated to assess the relationship between the soft and hard tissue deviations. Results: The roll-dominant group showed significantly greater differences in the vertical positions of the soft tissue landmarks between the Dv and NDv than other groups (P < 0.05), whereas the yaw-dominant group exhibited larger differences in the transverse and anteroposterior directions (P < 0.05). Moreover, transverse lip cant was correlated with the menton (Me) deviation and mandibular rolling in the roll-dominant group (P < 0.001); the angulation of the nasal bridge or philtrum was correlated with the Me deviation and mandibular yawing in the yaw-dominant group (P < 0.01). Conclusions: The three-dimensional deviations of facial soft tissue differed based on the mandibular asymmetry types in Class III patients with similar amounts of Me deviation. A precise understanding of soft tissue deviation in each asymmetry type would help achieve satisfactory facial esthetics.

• Animal Bioscience
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• 제37권6호
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• pp.1085-1095
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• 2024

Objective: The main objective of this study was to determine available energy and nutritional digestibility of extruded cereals and the effect of extrusion on the nutritional value of feed ingredients, aiming to provide scientific basis for efficient application of extrusion in the diets of growing pigs. Methods: In Exp. 1, 48 crossbred growing pigs (Duroc×Landrace×Yorkshire) with an initial body weight (BW) of 34.6±2.2 kg were selected and fed with eight diets (non-extrusion or extrusion) to determine the digestible energy (DE), metabolizable energy (ME), and nutrients digestibility. Eight diets included extruded grains (barley, wheat, sorghum, or broken rice), while four had unprocessed grains. In Exp. 2, 9 diets were formulated including 4 cereals with extrusion or non-extrusion and a N-free diet. In addition, 9 growing pigs (BW = 22.3±2.8 kg) were fitted with T-cannula in the distal ileum and arranged in a 9×6 Youden square design. Results: Results show that apparent total tract digestibility of gross energy, dry matter, organic meal, ether extract, neutral and acid detergent fiber was not affected by the extrusion process and there was no interaction between cereal type and extrusion treatment on DE, ME. However, the apparent total tract digestibility for crude protein (CP) increased markedly (p<0.05). The standardized ileal digestibility (SID) of all amino acids (AA) except for leucine remarkably increased by extrusion (p<0.05). There was an interaction on the SID of arginine, leucine, isoleucine, methionine, phenylalanine, cystine, and tyrosine in growing pigs between type of grain and extrusion treatment (p<0.05). Conclusion: Extrusion increased the ileal digestibility of CP and most AA in cereals, however, the DE and ME of cereals were not affected in growing pigs.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제11권3호
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• pp.1035-1039
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• 2010

고에너지 X-ray를 투시 방사선원으로 사용한 컨테이너 화물검색시스템에서 생성되는 광중성자에 의해 주변 콘크리트 차폐벽에서 발생되는 방사화생성물을 평가하였다. 몬테카를로 전산해석 코드인 MCNPX2.5.0을 사용하였으며, 참조시스템은 국내 주요 항만에 설치된 9MeV X-ray 고정식 양방향 컨테이너 화물검색시스템이다. 9MeV X-ray 조사에 따라 생성되는 광중성자의 (n,$\gamma$) 반응에 의한 방사화생성물 재고량을 계산하고 이에 따라 야기되는 방사선 피폭선량을 계산하였다.

• Journal of Radiation Protection and Research
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• 제28권3호
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• pp.199-206
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• 2003

대표적인 수학적 팬텀인 MIRD팬텀은 개발 당시 컴퓨터 계산시간을 단축하기 위해 단순화된 수학방정식으로 표현되었으며 본래 내부피폭 선량계산에 이용하기 위해 제작되었으므로 실제 인체구조에 근접하는 정도와 외부피폭 선량계산 용도로서의 적합성 여부를 평가할 필요가 있다. 본 연구에서는 인체의 단층촬영영상을 이용하여 제작된 Zubal 체적소팬텀과 MERD팬텀이 가장 일반적인 피폭모드인 AP 및 PA모드 감마선장에 노출될 때 장기선량 계산결과 및 단층영상을 비교하여 선량차이의 주요 원인이 되는 MIRD팬텀의 몸통두께를 수정하였다. AP와 PA방향으로 입사하는 0.05MeV에서 10MeV의 에너지 범위를 가진 넓고 평행한 단일 에너지 감마선장에 대해 MIRD팬텀과 Zubal팬텀의 장기선량을 MCNP4C를 이용하여 계산 및 비교한 결과 저에너지 영역에서 AP와 PA방향 모두 MIRD팬텀이 Zubal팬텀보다 높은 선량을 받았으며 유효선량의 경우 특히 PA방향, 0.05MeV 광자빔에 대해서 50%에 가까운 선량차이를 보였다 몸통부분 단층영상을 비교한 결과 Zubal팬텀에 비해서 MIRD팬텀의 몸통 두께가 얇아서 나타나는 결과임을 확인하게 되었고 MIRD몸통두께의 최적값을 찾아내기 위해 20cm에서 32cm까지 변화시켜가며 원전 작업환경에서 가장 많이 받게되는 0.5MeV 감마선에 대한 유효선량을 계산하여 비교하였다. AP방향에서는 24cm, PA방향에서는 28cm일 때 최소의 선량차이를 보이는 것으로 나타났고 이에 따라 몸통모델을 수정하였다. 수정된 MIRD팬텀을 이용하여 장기선량을 재계산하여 Zubal팬텀의 선량과 비교한 결과 특히 PA방향에서 큰 과대평가를 보였던 장기들의 선량차이가 현저하게 줄었고 유효선량의 경우 0.5 MeV 광자빔에 대해 AP, PA방향 각각 -0.5%와 7.3%의 낮은 선량차이를 보였다. Zubal팬텀에 의해 계산된 선량환산인자는 ICRP74에서 제공하는 값과 큰 차이를 보이고 있으며 수정된 MIRD팬텀은 Zubal팬텀의 값에 준하는 결과를 보였다. 본 연구에서 수정된 MIRD팬텀은 기존에 사용되던 선량환산계수의 수정에 사용될 수 있으며 수학적팬텀의 장점을 살리면서 실제 인체에 근접한 선량계산을 수행할 수 있다.

• 대한방사선치료학회지
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.175-186
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• 2002

The purpose of this study is directly measure and evaluate about absorbed dose change according to nominal energy and electron cone or medical accelerator on isodose curve, percentage depth dose, contaminated X-ray, inhomogeneous tissue, oblique surface and irradiation on intracavitary that electron beam with high energy distributed in tissue, and it settled standard data of hish energy electron beam treatment, and offer to exactly data for new dote distribution modeling study based on experimental resuls and theory. Electron beam with hish energy of $6{\sim}20$ MeV is used that generated from medical linear accelerator (Clinac 2100C/D, Varian) for the experiment, andwater phantom and Farmer chamber md Markus chamber und for absorbe d dose measurement of electron beam, and standard absorbed dose is calculated by standard measurements of International Atomic Energy Agency(IAEA) TRS 277. Dose analyzer (700i dose distribution analyzer, Wellhofer), film (X-OmatV, Kodak), external cone, intracavitary cone, cork, animal compact bone and air were used for don distribution measurement. As the results of absorbed dose ratio increased while irradiation field was increased, it appeared maximum at some irradiation field size and decreased though irradiation field size was more increased, and it decreased greatly while energy of electron beam was increased, and scattered dose on wall of electron cone was the cause. In percentage depth dose curve of electron beam, Effective depth dose(R80) for nominal energy of 6, 9, 12, 16 and 20 MeV are 1.85, 2.93, 4.07, 5.37 and 6.53 cm respectively, which seems to be one third of electron beam energy (MeV). Contaminated X-ray was generated from interaction between electron beam with high energy and material, and it was about $0.3{\sim}2.3\%$ of maximum dose and increased with increasing energy. Change of depth dose ratio of electron beam was compared with theory by Monte Carlo simulation, and calculation and measured value by Pencil beam model reciprocally, and percentage depth dose and measured value by Pencil beam were agreed almost, however, there were a little lack on build up area and error increased in pendulum and multi treatment since there was no contaminated X-ray part. Percentage depth dose calculated by Monte Carlo simulation appeared to be less from all part except maximum dose area from the curve. The change of percentage depth dose by inhomogeneous tissue, maximum range after penetration the 1 cm bone was moved 1 cm toward to surface then polystyrene phantom. In case of 1 cm and 2 cm cork, it was moved 0.5 cm and 1 cm toward to depth, respectively. In case of air, practical range was extended toward depth without energy loss. Irradiation on intracavitary is using straight and beveled type cones of 2.5, 3.0, 3.5 $cm{\phi}$, and maximum and effective $80\%$ dose depth increases while electron beam energy and size of electron cone increase. In case of contaminated X-ray, as the energy increase, straight type cones were more highly appeared then beveled type. The output factor of intracavitary small field electron cone was $15{\sim}86\%$ of standard external electron cone($15{\times}15cm^2$) and straight type was slightly higher then beveled type.

• 자원리싸이클링
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• 제7권4호
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• pp.22-26
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• 1998

M-type Ba-ferrite(${BaFe}_{12-2X}{Ti}_{X}{Co}_{X}{O}_{19}$)의 ${Fe}^{3+}$ 이온 대신에 A이온의 위치에는 비자성 이온인 ${Ti}^{4+}$을, Me이온은 위치에는 ${Co}^{2+}$을 치환시켜 치환량 x의 변화에 따른 결정자기이방성 감소를 관찰하고, 고주파 대역에서 전파흡수재로서 사용가능 여부를 실험하였다. 치환결과 보자력은 결정자기이방성이 감소함에 따라 급격히 감소하는 경향을 보였으며, 포화자화값은 ${Fe}^{3+}$이온 대신에 비자성인 ${Ti}^{4+}$이온이 치환됨에 따라 거의 직선적으로 감소하였다. 특히, 치환량이 1.2일 때 보자력은 185 Oe로 가장 낮았고, 포화자화는 43.5emu/g의 값을 나타내었다. 반사손실을 계산한 결가 Ti-Co 치환량 0.8일 때 2mm흡수체의 경우 10~16㎓의 대역에서 반사손실-10㏈(90%흡수)이하였으며, 감쇠능의 측정결과 12~16㎓의 대역에서 20㏈(99% 감쇠)로 12~16㎓의 고주파 대역에서 전파흡수재로 사용이 가능함을 예측할 수 있었다.