• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• v.37 no.2
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• pp.173-180
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• 2009

This study was carried out to obtain basic data on mycelial growth characteristics for an artificial cultivation of Volvariella volvacea. Twelve URP primers were used to assess genetic relationship of V. volvacea and its result was divided into two groups. But there was nothing different in morphological characteristics in V. volvacea. Among five kinds of mushroom media, MCM medium was selected as the favorable culture medium. The optimal range of temperature and pH for mycelial growth on V. volvacea were 35oC and pH 6~8, respectively. Carbon sources had not an effect on 10 strains of V. volvacea, and nitrogen source for the optimum mycelial growth was yeast extract. Also, we selected GMVV 79004 as a superior strain of 10 strains V. volvacea based on the mycelial growth and yield.

• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.6-10
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• 2000

For artificial cultivation of Phellinus gilvus (Schw.) Pat we have conducted a study on cultural characteristics and condition of fruitbody formation. The optimum temperature was about $30^{\circ}C$ at pH $6.0{\sim}7.0$ for mycelial growth. Optimum sawdust media were oak sawdust+willow sawdust(5:5, V/V), oak sawdust+willow sawdust+rice bran (4.5:4.5:1, V/V) and oak sawdust+pine sawdust+rice bran(4.5:4.5:1, V/V) and, the spawn incubation period was about $25{\sim}26$ days. Mycelial growth in the inner portion of oak log was 200 mm after 60 days and duration for the first fruitbody primordia were formed about 90 days after inoculation.

• Journal of Mushroom
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.31-34
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• 2005

This experiment was carried out to examine on the physiological and cultural characteristics of commercial strain Kunneutari #3 of Pleurotus eryngii. The optimal medium suitable for mycelial growth was YM, and followed by MCM and PDA. Also this strain more faster mycelial growth as 6.1 cm/7days compared with commercial strain P. eryngii #1. The optimal mycelial growth temperature was $25{\sim}30^{\circ}C$. The fruitbody yield was increased 54% with $117{\pm}16g/850m{\ell}$ and the fruitbody shape and qualities of this strain was good. And individual weight was $41{\pm}27g$. Spawn run of P. eryngii #3 in bottle cultivation took 30 days and also it took 21 days from scratching of inoculum to harvest that was shorter 3 days than P. eryngii #1, respectively. Therefore, it is expected that cultivation for P. eryngii #3 strain will improve farmer's income by enhancing efficiency of facilities and shorten 6 days on cultivation period, in addition, getting more growing cycle of P. eryngii.

• Journal of Power System Engineering
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• v.13 no.6
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• pp.13-21
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• 2009

This basic study is required to examine spray or jet behavior depending on fuel phase. In this study, analyses of diesel fuel(n-Tridecane, $C_{13}H_{28}$) spray and natural gas fuel(Methane, $CH_4$) jet under high temperature and pressure are performed by a general-purpose program, ANSYS CFX release 11.0, and the results of these are compared with experimental results of diesel fuel spray using the exciplex fluorescence method. The simulation results of diesel spray is analyzed by using the combination of Large-Eddy Simulation(LES) and Lagrangian Particle Tracking(LPT) and of a natural gas jet is analyzed by using Multi-Component Model(MCM). There are two study variables considered, that is, ambient pressure and injection pressure. In a macroscopic analysis, the higher ambient pressure is, the shorter spray or jet tip penetration is at each time after start of injection. And the higher injection pressure is, the longer spray or jet tip penetration is at each time after start of injection. When liquid fuel is injected, droplets of the fuel need some time to evaporate. However, when natural gas fuel is injected, the fuel does not need time to evaporate. Gas fuel consists of minute particles. Therefore, the gas fuel is mixed with the ambient gas more quickly at the initial time of injection than the liquid fuel is done. The experimental results also validate the usefulness of this analysis.

• Journal of Mushroom
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.145-153
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• 2014

Pleurotus has increased rapidly production and consumption because of highly nutritional value, natural healthy food and so on. The basic studies for Pleurotus need for development of mushroom industry. This study was to investigate the cultural characteristics among 15 strains of 6 species and to analyze their phylogenetic relationships. The cultural characteristics were investigated by mycelial growth activity at different media, temperature and pH. The optimum media for mycelial growth were YM and MCM in most species. The optimum temperature for mycelial growth were $25^{\circ}C$ and $30^{\circ}C$. The optimum pH for mycelial growth were widly range from pH 5.1 to 7.4. Through the RFLP (restriction fragment length polymorphism) of IGS (intergenic spacer) I region in ribosomal DNA, it was analyzed phylogeny of interspecies and intraspecies. Each species was discriminated well as isolates within each species formed clade to be distinguished other species. P. florida was highly similar to P. floridanus, and P. flabellatus was P. cornucopiae. P. fuscus var. ferulae was highly similar to P. eryngii but discriminated different species in analysis of RFLP of IGS I region and showed different characteristics in mycelial culture. RFLP of IGS I region was useful of studying phylogenetic relationships of species and population.

• Biomedical Science Letters
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.261-263
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• 2009

Methylprednisolone is a synthetic glucocorticoid which is usually taken intravenously for many neurosurgical diseases which cause edema including brain tumor, and trauma including spinal cord injury. Methylprednisolone reduces swelling and decreases the body's immune response. It is also used to treat many immune and allergic disorders, such as arthritis, lupus, psoriasis, asthma, ulcerative colitis, and Crohn's disease. To identify genes expressed during methylprednisolone treatment against neurons of rats (PC12 cells), DNA microarray method was used. We have isolated 2 gene groups (up- or down-regulated genes) which are methylprednisolone differentially expressed in neurons. Lipocalin 3 is the gene most significantly increased among 772 up-regulated genes (more than 2 fold over-expression) and Aristaless 3 is the gene most dramatically decreased among 959 down-regulated genes (more than 2 fold down-expression). The gene increased expression of Fgb, Thbd, Cfi, F3, Kngl, Serpinel, C3, Tnfrsf4 and Il8rb are involved stress-response gene, and Nfkbia, Casp7, Pik3rl, I11b, Unc5a, Tgfb2, Kitl and Fgf15 are strongly associated with development. Cell cycle associated genes (Mcm6, Ccnb2, Plk1, Ccnd1, E2f1, Cdc2a, Tgfa, Dusp6, Id3) and cell proliferation associated genes (Ccl2, Tnfsf13, Csf2, Kit, Pim1, Nr3c1, Chrm4, Fosl1, Spp1) are down-regulated more than 2 times by methylprednisolone treatment. Among the genes described above, 4 up-regulated genes are confirmed those expression by RT-PCR. We found that methylprednisolone is related to expression of many genes associated with stress response, development, cell cycle, and cell proliferation by DNA microarray analysis. However, We think further experimental molecular studies will be needed to figure out the exact biological function of various genes described above and the physiological change of neuronal cells by methylprednisolone. The resulting data will give the one of the good clues for understanding of methylprednisolone under molecular level in the neurons.

• Journal of Mushroom
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.62-67
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• 2006

Pholiota nameko is one of the four major profitable mushrooms along with oak mushroom, winter mushroom, and oyster mushroom. It contains abundant proteins, carbohydrates, organic acids and vitamins. Its unique taste and flavor as well as its nutritional features make it widely favoured. Mushroom complete medium was the optimal medium for mycelial growth of Pholiota nameko. The optimal temperature and pH for the mycelial growth were $25^{\circ}C$ and 5.0, respectively. The best carbon sources for mycelial growth were glucose and mannose, and the best nitrogen sources were yeast extract, peptone, asparagine, etc. The 8:2 ratio mix of oak sawdust and wheat bran was the best for the bottle cultivation. The best mushroom was yielded after 30 days incubation. The best yield was produced with 850g of medium weight in a PP bag and bottle.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.16 no.8
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• pp.3543-3549
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• 2015

Background: Bladder cancer is one of the most common cancers worldwide. Gene expression profiling using microarray technologies improves the understanding of cancer biology. The aim of this study was to determine the gene expression profile in Egyptian bladder cancer patients. Materials and Methods: Samples from 29 human bladder cancers and adjacent non-neoplastic tissues were analyzed by cDNA microarray, with hierarchical clustering and multidimensional analysis. Results: Five hundred and sixteen genes were differentially expressed of which SOS1, HDAC2, PLXNC1, GTSE1, ULK2, IRS2, ABCA12, TOP3A, HES1, and SRP68 genes were involved in 33 different pathways. The most frequently detected genes were: SOS1 in 20 different pathways; HDAC2 in 5 different pathways; IRS2 in 3 different pathways. There were 388 down-regulated genes. PLCB2 was involved in 11 different pathways, MDM2 in 9 pathways, FZD4 in 5 pathways, p15 and FGF12 in 4 pathways, POLE2 in 3 pathways, and MCM4 and POLR2E in 2 pathways. Thirty genes showed significant differences between transitional cell cancer (TCC) and squamous cell cancer (SCC) samples. Unsupervised cluster analysis of DNA microarray data revealed a clear distinction between low and high grade tumors. In addition 26 genes showed significant differences between low and high tumor stages, including fragile histidine triad, Ras and sialyltransferase 8 (alpha) and 16 showed significant differences between low and high tumor grades, like methionine adenosyl transferase II, beta. Conclusions: The present study identified some genes, that can be used as molecular biomarkers or target genes in Egyptian bladder cancer patients.

• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.11-15
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• 2000

For artificial cultivation of Phellinus pini (Thore. Fr.) Ames, we conducted some study on mycelium growth and optimum condition for fruitbody formation. The optimum condition for mycelial growth was $25{\sim}30^{\circ}C$ at pH $5.0{\sim}6.0$. Optimum sawdust media were oak sawdust+willow sawdust+rice bran (4.5:4.5:1, V/V) and oak sawdust+pine sawdust+rice bran (4.5:4.5:1, V/V) and the optimum spawn incubation period was about $33{\sim}34$ days. Mycelial growth in the inner portion of oak log was 40 mm after 60 days and duration for first fruitbody primordia formation was about 110 days after inoculation.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.19 no.11
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• pp.1617-1622
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• 2009

Optium conditions for the production of mycelia and extracellular polysaccharide (EXPS) from submerged mycelial culture of Inonotus obliquus and their immunomodulating activities were investigated. The optmium production of mycelia and EXPS from I. obliquus was observed in mushroom complete medium (MCM). The optimum pH, temperature, and agitation speed for the production of mycelia and EXPS were 5.5, $25^{\circ}C$, and 150 rpm, respectively. The culture period for maximum production of mycelia (10.89 g/l) and EXPS (1.25 g/l) in shake flask cultivation was 11 days. The anticomplementary activity of intracellular polysaccharide (INPS) and EXPS form I. obliquus increased in a dose-dependent manner. Lysosomal enzyme activity of EXPS and INPS increased by 2.0- and 2.2-fold at $100{\mu}g/ml$ concentration, respectively, compared to the control group.