• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.199-205
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• 2005

This study was carried out to investigate the effect of 70% ethanol extract and each fraction from Rhododendron brachycarpum D. Don leaves on cytotoxicity, anticancer, genotoxicity and immunological activity in vitro bioassay. Cytotoxicity for human normal cells (HEL299 and Chang) of the samples was shown below 35% in 0.5 mg/ml concentration of samples except aqueous fraction by SRB assay. DNA damage on the Chang cell of the samples alone in comet assay was observed very weak damage activity even in high concentration (1 mg/ml) of the samples. The anticancer effect of the samples on human cancer cell lines (A549, AGS, Hep3B, MCF7) was indicated that the cancer cells were inhibited gradually in proportion to the increase of the concentration of the samples by MTT assay. The growth of the Raji and Jurkat cells were hastened by adding butanol fraction among the samples. In the genotoxicity on $H_2O_2-induced$ DNA damage in Chang cells using alkaline comet assay, most of samples were shown a strong protective activity from DNA OTM values.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.44 no.4
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• pp.516-523
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• 2015

This study investigated the antimutagenic and anticancer effects of Platycodon grandiflorum extract (PGE) and its fractions against carcinogenic N-nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA) and genotoxicity. The Ames Salmonella mutagenicity test employing histidine mutants of Salmonella Typhimurium TA98 and TA100 was used to examine the mutagenicity of PGE and its fractions. Bacterial reversion assay with S. Typhimurium TA98 and TA100 did not show a significantly increased number of revertant colonies. The same test was used to examine the ability of PGE and its fractions to prevent acquisition of N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine- and 4-introquino-line-1-oxide-induced mutations. PGE and its fractions inhibited mutagenesis in a dose-dependent manner. Among the fractions, ethyl acetate fraction from PGE (PGEA) exhibited a higher antimutagenic effect than other fractions. PGE and its fractions suppressed the growth of cancer cell lines, including human cervical adenocarcinoma, human hepatocellular carcinoma, human breast adenocarcinoma, human lung carcinoma, and transformed primary human embryonic kidney cells. In addition, we evaluated the antitumor activity of PGEA and its fractions in sacorma-180 solid tumor-bearing mice. In vivo anticancer activity results showed that PGE and its fractions could more effectively suppress tumor growth than the control. PGEA showed higher in vitro and in vivo anticancer effects than PGE and other fractions, and PGEA inhibited NDMA formation. Thus, we showed that PGEA has antimutagenic and anticancer activities, making it a candidate anticancer material under these experimental conditions.

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.243-248
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• 2004

Essential oils from Needl Juniperrus seed and trunk (Juniperrus rigida Sieb.) and Olibanum resin (Boswellia carteii Birew) were extracted by a supercritical fluid extraction system (SFE) and immune activity of each essential oils were observed. The immune activities of each essential oil were compared. Essential oil from Olibanum resin enhanced the growth of human immune T cell up to 1.33 times, compared to control group. Each essential oils showed the potent inhibitory effect on the human cancer cell lines, and increased the secretion of cytokines, IL-6 and $TNF-{\alpha}$ from human B cell as well as the growth of human immune cells.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.45 no.10
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• pp.1430-1437
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• 2016

This study was performed to investigate the changes in isoflavone composition, estrogenic activity and antiestrogenic activity of soybean cultivars of different isoflavone content (Aga 8, Uram, Cheongja 3, and Dawon) with germination. Total isoflavone contents of Aga 8, Dawon and Cheongja 3 was increased from 2,671.74, 261.08 and 2,240.08 to 2,977.50, 966.13 and $2,354.11{\mu}g/g$, respectively after germination except for Uram cultivars, and highest contents of total isoflavone showed $2,977.50{\mu}g/g$ and $2,354.11{\mu}g/g$, respectively in Aga 8 and Cheongja 3 after germination. MTT cell proliferation assay using MCF-7 cells revealed that germinated soybean of Aga 8 and Cheonja 3 obtained not only contained a high content of isoflavone but also had estrogenic activity. Estrogenic activity of Aga 8 and Cheongja 3 soybean extracts increased from 116.21% and 101.60% to 135.34% and 121.05% after germination. These results suggest that germinated soybean of Aga 8 and Cheongja 3 might have a potential preventive effect on estrogen-deficient diseases.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.38 no.12
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• pp.1672-1678
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• 2009

This study was carried out to investigate the total polyphenol, total flavonoid content, antioxidant activity, angiotensin I-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitory activity, $\alpha$-glucosidase inhibitory activity, and antiproliferation activity of the citron seed. The citron seed were separated to hull and embryo, and extracted with n-hexane and 70% ethanol. Antioxidant activity of ethanol extract was higher than that of n-hexane extract. IC50 value for DPPH radical scavenging activity of ethanol extract of hull (CSE1) and embryo (CSE2) were 3.18 and 8.43 mg/mL, and those of total antioxidant activity were 19.96 and 11.28 mg AA eq/g, respectively. ACE inhibitory activity and $\alpha$-glucosidase inhibitory activity on CSE1 showed the highest values of 31.61 and 45.17%, respectively. Antiproliferation effects on the MCF7, HepG2, H460, HCT-116, and PC3 cell line showed the highest values of 14.09, 19.12, 12.29, 9.78, and 9.12% in extract concentration of 5 mg/mL, respectively. These results suggested that citron seed can be used for development of functional food material which have biological activities.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.38 no.4
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• pp.307-312
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• 2005

We investigated the growth inhibitory effects of Atrina pecitinata (AP) on the proliferation in human cancer cell lines in vitro. AP was extracted with methanol which was further fractionated into four different types: methanol (APMM), haxane (APMH), butanol (APMB), and aquous layers (APMA). Among various partition layers, the APMM showed the strongest cytotoxic effects on all cancer cell lines which we used. In the MTT assay of AP fractions, the growth inhibitory effects was increased in proportion to its concentration. We observed quinone reductase (QR) induced effects in all fraction layers of AP on HepG2 cells. The QR induced effects of APMM on HepG2 cell at 80 $\mu$g/mL concentration indicated 2.0 with a control value of 1.0.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.13 no.5
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• pp.649-654
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• 2006

To enhance beneficial effects of citron fruits, anticancer and antioxidant activities of citron fruits extracts were assessed with or without ascorbic acid. Total phenolic acids and flavonoids of fruits peels and flesh extracts were determined. Fruits peels contained more phenolic acids and flavonoids than those detected in flesh extracts. Scavenging activities of 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radicals and reducing powers were increased depending on the concentration. The antioxidant activities on oxidation of linoleic acid emulsion incubated at $50^{\circ}C$ were increased but the effect was small to that of butylated hydroxy toluene and ascorbic acid. The anti-tumorigenic effect of these compounds were investigated. They were shown to inhibit the in vitro proliferation of four human tumorigenic cell lines, HT-29, MCF-7, DU-145 and HepG2, in a doso-dependent manner. This study demonstrated that the antioxidant and anticancer activities of citron fruits extracts were derived from their phenols and flavonoids.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.951-956
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• 2006

The purpose of this study is to prepare black ginseng and evaluate its antitumor activity. In order to achieve such aim, 5 year fresh ginsenges were steamed at 95'E for 3 hr in pottery apparatus and dried at $60^{\circ}C$ for 12-36 hr. This process was repeated again nine times in same condition. Among the ginseng saponins in black ginseng, the amount of Ginsenoside $Rg_3$ was examined by HPLC. 10.05 mE of Ginsenoside $Rg_3$ was obtained from 1 g of dried black ginseng prepared. The extract of black ginseng exhibited stronger cytotoxic activity against MCF-1, HT-1080 and Hepa 1C1C7 tumor cell lines in vitro than the extract of red ginseng. Also, the extract of black ginseng exhibited stronger antitumor activity(33%) in BDFl mice bearing Lewis lung carcinoma cells(LLC) than the extract of red ginseng(23%). From these results, it was concluded that Black ginseng had antitumor activity suggesting its application for the prevention and treatment of cancer.

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.51-57
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• 2002

The biological activities of immune modulating activities of the extracts from Echinacea purpurea, Chrysanthmum indicum L. and Circium japonicum var. ussuriense KITAMURA were compared. About 70% of the growth of human hepatocarcinoma and 80% of human gastric cancer cell was inhibited in adding 0.5mg/ml of the ethanol extracts of Echinacea purpurea, Chrysanthmum indicum L. and Circium japonicum var. ussuriense KITAMURA, respectively. The growth of human breast cancer cells was also inhibited in adding 0.5mg/ml of the extracts as well as 60% of the human cancer cells. It was proved that the growth of human normal lung cell, scored as 15% for the extracts. Overall selectivity of the extracts on several human cancer cell line was over 3, which is higher than those from the conventional herbs. The growth of both human immune B and T cells was enhanced up to 1.4 to 2.0 times by adding the extracts, compared to the controls. The secretion of tumor necrosis $factor-alpha(TNF-{\alpha})$ from T cell was also increased up to 94 pg/ml in adding the Echinacea purpurea ethanol extract (0.5mg/ml). Circium japonicum var. ethanol extract also increased up to about 96 pg/ml of interleukin-6(IL-6) from B cell.

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.5-12
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• 2003

The biological activities of extracts from Rubus coreanus Miq. were compared. About 70% of the growth of human hepatocarcinoma and 79% of human gastric cancer cell was inhibited in adding 1.0 mg/ml of the extracts of Rubus coreanus Miq. respectively. The growth of human breast cancer cells was also inhibited in adding 1.0 mg/ml of the extracts as well as 78% of the human cancer cells. It was proved that the growth of human normal lung cell, scored as 15% for the extracts. Overall selectivity of the extracts on several human cancer cell line was over 5, which is higher than those from the Rubus coreanus Miq. The growth of both human immune B and T cells was enhanced up to 1.4 to 1.8 times by adding the extracts, compared to the controls. The secretion of tumor necrosis $factor-alpha(TNF-{\alpha})$ from T cell was also increased up to 78.8 pg/ml in adding the ethanol extract (0.5 mg/ml). Ethanol extract also increased up to about 70 pg/ml of interleukin-6(IL-6) from B cell. For screening regulate function of blood pressure, angiotensin converting enzyme(ACE) activity was inhibited up to 25% by adding the ethanol extract (1.0 mg/ml). In testing the hypoglycemic activity, 20% of ${\alpha}-glucosidase$ activity was inhibited for the extracts (0.5 mg/ml). GST activity was increased in the range of 1.2 to 1.6 times by adding extracts.