• 한국막학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국막학회 1998년도 제6회 하계 Workshop (98 한국막학회, 국립환경연구원 국제 Workshop, 수자원 보전과 막분리 공정)
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• pp.113-133
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• 1998

In activated sludge process, sludge settling condition is affected by organic loading rate or operation condition, and if settling condition is getting worse, it is common that overall process fails due to wash-out of biomass causing low concentration in the aeration tank. Also activated sludge process has such several problems as requiring large area, consuming a lot of power and producing large volume of sludge. Increased public concern over health and the environment combined with a strong desire to reduce capital, operating and maintenance costs, have created a need for innovative technologies for building new high quality effluents which vail meet 21st century crkeria. MBR(Membrane Bioreactor) process consists of a biological reactor and ultrafiltration(UF) membrane system that replaces the conventional clarifier of an activated sludge process. The main operating advantages of this system are that the quality of the effluent is independent of the settleability of the mixed liquor and that the effluent is free of suspended solids in any operating condition. It is possible to eliminate clarifier and to reduce the volume of aeration tank because it can afford to accumulate high biomass concentration in the bioreactor(20, 000~30, 000mg/L), which would not be possible in a conventional activated sludge process. Therefore, this process reduces overall treatment plant area. In addition to those advantages, Longer SRT condition enables higher sludge digestion in MBR process so the sludge volume produced is 50 to 70% lower than that of conventional activated sludge process There are two kinds of MBR process according to the allocations of membrane. One is cross flow type MBR of which module is located outside of the bioreactor and mixed liquor is driven into the membrane module. The other is submerged type MBR process of which module is submerged in the bioreactor and mixed liquor is generally sucked from the lumen side. addition to that the cake layer is often removed by the uplifting flow of bubbling air. A submerged MBR process is superior to a crossflow MBR in regard to the power consumption because suction pressure of a submerged MBR is generally lower than that of a crossflow MBR which has recirculation pump. A submerged MBR, therefore, has the potential to be applied to small wastewater treatment plants that need low cost treatment systems.

• 공업화학
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• 제17권5호
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• pp.521-526
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• 2006

폐수를 재이용하기 위한 고도처리 시스템으로서 분리막 생물반응조(Membrane Bioreactor, MBR)는 기존의 활성슬러지 공정(Activated Sludge Process, ASP)에 비하여 많은 장점을 가지고 있다. 도시 하수 중에 포함된 유기물과 영양염류를 동시에 제거하기 위하여 침지형 정밀여과(Microfiltration, MF) 막을 이용한 무산소/호기(Anoxic/Oxic, A/O)형 MBR에서 투과플럭스를 $10.2L/m^2{\cdot}h$로 일정하게 유지하면서 고형물 체류시간(Solids Retention Time, SRT) 변화에 따른 막 여과 특성을 조사하였다. 실험 결과, SRT를 증가시킬수록 체외고분자물질(Extracellular Polymeric Substances, EPS)내 단백질/탄수화물(Protein/Carbohydrate, P/C) 비가 높아져서 막 오염이 빠르게 진행되었다. A/O MBR에 RO막을 결합한 A/O MBR-RO 공정을 폐수의 고도처리에 적용하고자 하였으며, 성능평가를 위해 A/O MBR-RO 공정과 기존의 활성슬러지 공정에 MF와 RO막을 결합한 ASP-MF-RO 공정의 유기물 및 영양염류 제거율을 비교하였다. 실험 결과 A/O MBR-RO 공정이 ASP-MF-RO 공정보다 더 우수한 처리효율을 나타내었다.

• 상하수도학회지
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• 제27권3호
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• pp.339-349
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• 2013

Biological treatment of RO concentrate from wastewater reuse process is known to be very difficult due to its high concentration of non-degradable organics and salt ions such as chloride, nitrate and phosphate. In this research, the treatment performance of MBR was examined using RO concentrate mixed with raw wastewater as the influent of MBR. Addition of PAC (powdered activated carbon) to MBR was also evaluated in order to enhance the treatment performance and stability. The performance of MBR for treating only RO concentrate decreased gradually although external carbon source was added. The average removal performance of MBR with and without PAC decreased from 99.1 %(98.8 %) to 94.9 %(91.4 %) for COD, 81.3 %(80.3 %) to 42.0 %(41.9 %) for T-N and 57.3(55.0 %) to 30.0 %(21.0 %) for T-P with the increase of RO concentrate mixing rate of 0 % to 20 % in the feed water. Addition of PAC showed positive effect on the performance of MBR for the removal of COD and phosphorus in case that the ratio of RO concentrate to feed water increased.

• 유기물자원화
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• 제21권3호
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• pp.82-92
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• 2013

생물학적 질소 및 인을 제거하기 위한 경제적인 공법인 간헐 폭기 MBR공법은 내부순환이 없고, 간헐반응조 폭기 시간 조절을 통해서 반응시간을 조절할 수 있는 장점이 있다. 본 연구에서는 신기술로 인증 받은 폭기에너지 절약 공법인 신 간헐폭기-MBR공법, 그리고 간헐반응조 폭기/비포기 주기가 1시간/1시간 및 4시간/4시간인 일반적인 간헐 폭기 MBR공법에 있어서의 처리성을 컴퓨터시뮬레이션을 통해서 평가하였다. 폭기 주기가 1시간/1시간인 간헐폭기 MBR공법의 경우, 폭기 시 최대 용존산소 농도가 0.23mg/L가 되어, 동시 질산화/탈질 반응이 수행되는 것으로 나타나 질소와 인 제거 효율은 각각 57.0%, 55.0%로 가장 높았다. 본 연구는 유입수질이 일정한 경우에 있어서의 시뮬레이션을 수행하였으며, 각 시스템에 있어서의 실 처리장 적용성을 파악하기 위해서는 유입수질 변동에 따른 처리성을 평가할 필요가 있는 것으로 나타났다.

• 한국물환경학회지
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• 제27권1호
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• pp.44-53
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• 2011

Membrane bio-reactor (MBR) has several advantages over the conventional activated sludge process, including a high biomass, low sludge production, and better permeate quality. Therefore, the MBR have gained popularity for municipal and industrial wastewater treatment. However the MBR usually were used for sewage and low streng th wastewater treatment because of membrane fouling problem and limitation of oxygen transfer into biomass. In this study, the hybrid process combining MBR and pure oxygen was tested for high strength organic wastewater treatment in the COD loading range from 2 to $10kgCOD/m^3{\cdot}day$. The hybrid process, membrane coupled pure oxygen high compact reactor (MPHCR), had been operated for one year and operation parameters, the effect of COD loading, MLSS concentration and the location of membrane module were studied for membrane fouling characteristic. Also membrane resistance test and the component of foulant was analyzed to investigate what is specific foulant in the MBR.

• 상하수도학회지
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• 제26권5호
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• pp.619-627
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• 2012

In order to determine reduction of greenhouse gas emissions (GHGs) when the submerged membrane bioreactor with granular sulfur (MBR-GS) is used in wastewater treatment plant (WTP), the amount of GHGs was compared and analyzed in the advanced treatment process of P wastewater treatment plant (WTP). The amount of GHGs was estimated by classifying as construction and operation phase in WTP. The amount of GHGs in construction phase was evaluated from multiplying raw materials by using carbon emission factors. Also the amount of GHGs in operating phase was calculated by using total electricity consumption and carbon emission factor. The construction of anoxic tank and secondary settling tank is unnecessary, because the MBR-GS conducts simultaneously the nitrification and denitrification in aeration tank and filtration by hollow fiber membrane. The amount of $CO_2$, $CH_4$, and $N_2O$ emitted by constructing the MBR-GS was 6.44E+06 kg, 8.16E+03 kg and 1.38E+01 kg, respectively. The result shows that the GHGs was reduced about 47 % as compared with the construction in the MLE process. In operating the MBR-GS, the electricity is not required in the biological reactor and secondary setting tank. Thus, the amount of $CO_2$, $CH_4$, and $N_2O$ emitted by operating in the MBR-GS was 7.39E+05 kg/yr, 5.80E+02 kg/yr and 2.44E+00 kg/yr, respectively. The result shows that the GHGs were reduced about 37 % as compared with the operation in the MLE process. Also, $LCCO_2$(Life Cycle $CO_2$) was compared and analyzed between MLE process and MBR-GS. The amount of $LCCO_2 $emitted from the MLE process and MBR-GS was 3.56E+04 ton $CO_2$ and 2.12E+04 ton $CO_2$, respectively. The result shows that the GHGs in MBR-GS were reduced to about 40 % as compared in the MLE process during life cycle. As a result, sulfur-utilizing autotrophic denitrification process (SADP) is expected to be utilized as the cost-effective advanced treatment process, owing to not only high nitrogen removal efficiency but also the GHGs reduction in construction and operation stage.

• 대한환경공학회지
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• 제38권9호
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• pp.469-475
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• 2016

본 연구는 실제 운영되는 수산물 가공 산업폐수의 immersed MBR (iMBR)공정을 이용한 폐수처리시설 운영 결과에 대한 실증적 고찰을 수행한 것이다. 수산물 가공 산업의 특성상 일별, 월별 유량 변동이 심하여 유량조정조의 설계 및 운전방법이 중요하며, 유량조정조 교반시 포기식 교반을 적용하면 산발효 방지를 통하여 후속 응집/부상 공정의 약품비 절감이 가능하다. 동 현장은 유량조정조, 가압부상조, iMBR을 거쳐 방류하며, 이때 가압부상조를 거쳐 iMBR로 유입되는 BOD, $COD_{Mn}$, SS, T-N, T-P의 농도는 2,291 mg/L, 530 mg/L, 38 mg/L, 256.8 mg/L, 13.5 mg/L으로 나타났다. 수산물 가공 폐수와 같이 고농도의 염이 함유된 폐수의 생물학적 처리는 슬러지의 침강성과 관계없는 침지식 중공사막을 이용한 iMBR 공법을 적용하는것이 바람직한 것으로 나타났다. iMBR 공정의 주요 에너지 소모 요인인 공기세정에 대한 운영 값의 검토 결과 SADm값이 $0.31m^3/hr{\cdot}m^2$ membrane area이었으며, SADp값은 $26.5m^3/hr{\cdot}m^3$ permeate으로 상용화된 평막 대비 월등히 에너지 효율이 우수한 것으로 나타났다. 무산소, 혐기, 호기 탈기조로 구성된 침지식 중공사막이 결합된 iMBR 공정에서 막오염 지표인 Normalized TMP와 온도, MLSS 등을 비교 분석한 결과 F/M비가 0.08~0.10 gBOD/gMLSS에서 임계 F/M 값을 나타냈다. 생물반응조에서의 BOD, $COD_{Mn}$, SS, T-N, T-P의 처리수질은 각각 1.8 mg/L, 11.0 mg/L, 1.1 mg/L, 11.0 mg/L, 0.24 mg/L으로 운전되었으며, 제거율은 99.9%, 97.9%, 96.3%, 95.7%, 97.8%으로 나타났다.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제25권2호
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• pp.323-329
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• 2016

In this study, the applicability of MBR process was evaluated to improve processing of personal sewage treatment facilities of $50m^3/day$ or less. As result of the research, stable discharge water quality could be secured as result of the MBR effector operation according to rate of inflow and inflow load and treatment efficiency of 98% or higher was shown by the membrane filtering method operation for SS, $BOD_5$. it was found that high treatment efficiency of 99% or higher. It is judged that detention time can be designed until 6.9 hr when applying MBR process on personal sewage treatment facilities with high pollution load and that cutback of pollution load can be possible through this study. It was shown that MBR process application reduces an annual cost of 4,829,600 won based on the basic unit calculation results and solves burden of amount of borne by causers according to excess of discharge water quality standards.

• Membrane and Water Treatment
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• 제3권1호
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• pp.1-23
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• 2012

The coupling of anaerobic biological process and membrane separation could provide excellent suspended solids removal and better biomass retention for wastewater treatment. This coupling improves the biological treatment process while allowing for the recovery of energy through biogas. This review gives a basic description of the anaerobic wastewater treatment process, summarizes the state of the art of anaerobic membrane bioreactors (AnMBRs), and describes the current research trends and needs for the development of AnMBRs. The research interest on AnMBR has grown over the conventional anaerobic processes such as upflow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB). Studies on AnMBRs have developed different reactor configurations to enhance performances. The AnMBR performances have achieved comparable status to other high rate anaerobic reactors. AnMBR is highly suitable for application with thermophilic anaerobic process to enhance performances. Studies indicate that the applications of AnMBR are not only limited to the high strength industrial wastewater treatment, but also for the municipal wastewater treatment. In recent years, there is a significant progress in the membrane fouling studies, which is a major concern in AnMBR application.

• 멤브레인
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• 제23권1호
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• pp.24-44
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• 2013

MBR 기술은 지난 20여 년 동안 처리성능과 효율성 그리고 비용절감 측면에서 빠른 속도로 발전하고 있다. 또한 안정적인 하수처리와 하수재이용관점에서 핵심기술로 널리 인식되고 있다. 본고에서는 MBR 기술의 개발과 상업적 응용에 관한 발전과정을 재조명하고 세계 시장의 전망을 제시하고자 한다. 주요 적용기술에 대해 다음 5가지 측면에서 검토하여 제시하였는데 1) MBR 기술의 진화, 2) MRBs의 상업용 기술, 3) 대용량 MBR 플랜트 설치 사례, 4) MBR 시장의 성장, 5) 기술의 발전방향 순으로 제시하였다. 마지막으로 MBRs에 대한 경제적, 환경적, 그리고 기술적 측면에서 향후 발전방향을 1) 초기투자비, 2) 처리 수질, 3) 분리막 소재/모듈, 4) MBR 장비와 공정, 5) 운영비용, 향후 6) 혐기성 MBRs 공정과 같은 차세대 기술 분야로 나누어 제시하였다.