• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.40 no.5
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• pp.920-928
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• 2019

Objectives: After epidural hemorrhage, sequelae may cause cognitive impairments, such as attention, memory, and performance disturbances. This case study reports on the use of traditional Korean medicine in a patient with cognitive impairments after a traumatic epidural hemorrhage. Methods: During the 46-day hospitalization period, traditional Korean medicine treatments, including Sunkihwalhyul-tang-gamibang, Ukgan-san-gajinpibanha Granule, Kyungohk-go, acupuncture, and cupping, were administered. The degree of cognitive impairment was measured based on the Mini Mental State Examination-Korea (MMSE-K), Modified Barthel Index (MBI), and correct answer ratio. Results: After traditional Korean medicine treatment, the MMSE-K score increased from 13 to 19 and the MBI score increased from 63 to 71. The patient's conversations in daily life also proceeded more smoothly than before hospitalization, and the correct answer ratio rose. Conclusion: This case reports the improvement of cognitive impairment after traumatic epidural hemorrhage in response to traditional Korean medicine treatment; further study is needed.

• PNF and Movement
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.23-34
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• 2020

Purpose: To explore the effects of action observation combined with modified constraint-induced movement therapy on upper-extremity function and the activities of daily living in subacute stroke patients. Methods: Twenty-four subacute stroke patients were randomly assigned to the experimental group or the control group (n = 12 each). Both groups received therapy based on motor learning concepts, including repetitive and task-specific practice. The experimental group watched video clips for 10 minutes related to tasks performed during modified constraint-induced movement therapy while the control group watched videos unrelated to upper-extremity movement. These programs were performed for 40 minutes a day five times a week for four weeks. Their scores on the Fugl-Meyer assessment of upper extremities (FMA-UE), the action research arm test (ARAT), a motor activity log (amount of use [AOU] and quality of movement [QOM]), and the modified Barthel index (MBI) were recorded. Results: In both groups, all variables were significantly different between the pre-test and post-test periods (p < 0.05). The post-test variables were significantly different within each group (p < 0.05). In the experimental group, the changes between pre-test and post-test scores in the FMA-UE (14.39 ± 4.31 versus 6.31 ± 4.63), the ARAT (16.00 ± 4.73 versus 11.46 ± 3.73), MAL-AOU (1.57 ± 0.15 versus 1.18 ± 0.28), and MBI (27.54 ± 4.65 versus 18.08 ± 8.52) were significantly higher than those of the control group (p < 0.05). Conclusion: These findings suggest that action observation combined with modified constraint-induced movement therapy may be a beneficial rehabilitation option to improve upper-extremity function in subacute stroke patients with moderate impairment.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.42 no.5
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• pp.727-737
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• 2021

Objectives: This study investigated the effect of Korean medicine on an elderly patient with posterior circulation cerebral infarction, chronic kidney disease (CKD), and early neurological deterioration (END). Methods: The patient, who already had CKD, was treated with Korean medicine, comprising herbal medicine, acupuncture, moxa, and cupping combined with Western medicine (antiplatelet, diabetes) and physical therapy. A manual muscle test (MMT) and a modified Barthel index (MBI) were used to observe the treatment effects, and blood tests were performed to check estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), creatinine and blood urea nitrogen (BUN), which represent renal function. Results: After the treatment, MMT, MBI, and renal function scores had increased. Conclusions: This study suggests that Korean medicine can effectively treat posterior circulation cerebral infarction with END in CKD, but further studies should be conducted.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.42 no.5
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• pp.904-915
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• 2021

This study is a case report of Korean medicine treatment for a patient with quadriplegia and impaired cognition as neurological sequelae after ingestion of herbicides. A 59-year-old man with toxic encephalopathy and hypoxic encephalopathy after the ingestion of herbicides was treated with acupuncture, Hyulbuchuko-tang mixed with Ondam-tang-gami (血府逐瘀湯合溫膽湯加味), cupping, moxibustion, and rehabilitation. Clinical symptoms were measured with the Manual Muscle Test (MMT), Korean Mini Mental Status Exam (K-MMSE), Functional Independence Measure (FIM), and Modified Barthel Index (MBI). After three months of treatment, clinical symptoms improved. The motor function improved (MMT on both sides, Gr. 3+F/4G→Gr. 4-G~4G/4+G), cognition improved (K-MMSE, 13→21), and ADL (Activities of Daily Living) scores also improved (FIM 41→74; MBI 20→63). Korean medical treatment could effectively treat neurological sequelae after ingestion of herbicides in this case.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.42 no.5
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• pp.1131-1141
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• 2021

Objective: This study examined the case of a 63-year-old man with a history of hypertension and gout who had developed an intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) of the right basal ganglia of the corona radiata. Methods: The patient was treated with herbal medicine (Boyanghwanoh-tang and powdered Oryeong-san extract), Western medicine (Anticonvulsants, antihypertensive drugs, psychotropic agents, and others), acupuncture, moxibustion, cupping, and rehabilitative therapy. Their effects were evaluated using the Manual Muscle Test (MMT), Korean version of the modified Barthel Index (K-MBI), National Institute of Health's Stroke Scale (NIHSS), and Modified Rankin Scale (mRS). Results: After treatment, the MMT grade improved from 3/3+ to 4+/4+. Additionally, the K-MBI score improved from 62 to 77. Conclusion: The results suggest that combined traditional Korean and Western medicine can effectively treat patients with ICH.

• PNF and Movement
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.405-414
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• 2018

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine test-retest reliability and criterion-related validity of a trunk stability robot when measuring the weight-bearing symmetry static sitting and standing in stroke patients. Methods: For 27 stroke patients, weight-bearing symmetry was assessed twice, 7 days apart. The intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC2,1) and minimal detectable change (MDC) were used to examine the level of agreement between test and retest. The criterion-related validity of weight -bearing symmetry was demonstrated by Spearman correlation of modified Barthel index (MBI), the sit to stand test (STS), the timed up & go Test (TUG), and the function in sitting test (FIST). Results: the test-retest agreements were excellent for the weight-bearing symmetry of static sitting (ICC2,1: 0.90) and standing (ICC2,1: 0.89). It all showed that the acceptable MDC for the weight-bearing symmetry of static sitting and standing was 0.11 and 0.16, respectively (highest possible score<20 %), indicating that the measures had a small and acceptable degree of measurement error. The weight-bearing symmetry of static sitting was significantly correlated with the TUG(r=-0.45) and FIST(r=0.46)(p<0.05); the weight-bearing symmetry of static standing was also significantly correlated with MBI (r=0.65), TUG (r=-0.67), FIST (r=0.61)(p<0.01), and STS (r=-0.47)(p<0.05). Conclusion: The weight-bearing symmetry of static sitting and standing assessed by the trunk stability robot showed highly sufficient test-retest agreement and mild-to-moderate validity. It could also be useful for clinicians and researchers to evaluate balance performance and monitor functional change in stroke patients.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.19 no.8
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• pp.293-302
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• 2019

The purpose of this study was to examine the reliability and validity of Stroke Impact Scale 3.0 (SIS 3.0). Here, the SIS 3.0 was completed by 154 stroke patients (mean = 62.7; standard deviation [SD] = 9.43). Construct validity was verified by analyzing the correlation between SIS 3.0 sub-domains, and convergent validity was investigated by analyzing the correlation between the Modified Barthel Index (MBI) and the Mini-Mental State Examination-Korean (K-MMSE) version. The characteristics of each item were analyzed by internal consistency and item discrimination based on the classical item theory. Construct and convergent validity were verified through this study. Although the item i included in the emotion domain showed low item discrimination, all but this item showed high discrimination. Internal consistency was also high in all sub-domains.

• Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
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• v.10 no.6
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• pp.325-335
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• 2019

The purpose of this study is to determine the impact of physical activity on relieving job burnout among teachers in Korea. To examine this impact, 527 Korean teachers were used in the data analysis. An exploratory factor analysis and internal consistency analysis were employed to verify the validity and reliability of the Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI-ES), and a t-test and one-way ANOVA were conducted to find the mean differences according to gender, school level, and length of teaching experience. The impact between factors was also verified through correlation and regression analyses. The results of the analyses showed that first, female teachers and teachers with less teaching experience had higher degree of burnout and fewer physical activities compared to male teachers and teachers with longer teaching experience, respectively. Second, teachers' level of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) was negatively correlated with burnout factors. Third, teachers' vigorous physical activity negatively affected depersonalization factors while teachers' sedentary activity positively affected depersonalization factors.

• Annals of Rehabilitation Medicine
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• v.42 no.6
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• pp.788-797
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• 2018

Objective To investigate the effect of upper limb rehabilitation combining robot with low-frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) on unilateral spatial neglect in stroke patients. Methods Patients who had hemispatial neglect after right hemisphere stroke were randomly divided into rTMS only group, robot only group, and combined group. All groups received conventional neglect therapy and additional treatment for each group. rTMS group received rTMS therapy. Robot group received robot therapy, while combined group received both therapies. The effect of therapy was assessed with Motor-Free Visual Perception Test-3 (MVPT-3), line bisection test, star cancellation test, Catherine Bergego Scale (CBS), Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), and the Korean version of Modified Barthel Index (K-MBI). These measurements were evaluated before and after treatment. Results For each group, 10 patients were recruited. There were no significant differences in baseline characteristics or initial values among the three groups. Two weeks after the therapy, all groups showed significant improvement in MVPT-3, line bisection test, star cancellation test, CBS, MMSE, and K-MBI. However, changes in measurements showed no significant differences among groups. Conclusion Treatment effect of the combined therapy of robotic therapy and low-frequency rTMS therapy for hemispatial neglect was not statistically different from that of each single treatment. Results of this study did not prove the superiority of any of the three treatments. Further study with large number of patients is needed to evaluate the superiority of these treatments.

• Journal of Society of Occupational Therapy for the Aged and Dementia
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.75-85
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• 2018

Objective : The purpose of this study aimed to find out about the impact of RAPAEL Smart Glove on cognitive function and Daily living. Method : While 15 experimental group was given 'RAPAEL Smart Glove', 15 control group was given traditional cognitive rehabilitation. LOTCA, NCSE and MBI were taken to assess cognitive function and activities of daily living of two group before and after each intervention. Result : Cognitive function and Activities of Daily Living of both experimental group and control group presented statistically significant difference before and after each intervention(p<.05). But Statistically, the experiment group presented a significant improvement. Conclusion : The result of this study indicates that the existing rehabilitation treatment and 'RAPAEL Smart Glove' together can produce good effect on cognitive function and activities of Daily Living of mild cognitive impairment patient.