• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• v.33 no.3
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• pp.288-295
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• 2017

Fig mosaic disease (FMD) is a viral disease that spreads in all Tunisian fig (Ficus carica L.) orchards. RT-PCR technique was applied to leaf samples of 29 fig accessions of 15 fig varieties from the fig germplasm collection of High Agronomic Institute (I.S.A) of ChattMariem, to detect viruses associated to FMD. Analysis results show that 65.5% of the accessions (19/29) and 80.0% (12/15) of the fig varieties are infected by FMD-associated viruses. From all fig accessions, 41.4% of them are with single infection (one virus) and 24.1% are with multi-infections (2 virus and more). Viruses infecting fig leaf samples are Fig mosaic virus (FMV) (20.7%), Fig milde-mottle-associated virus (FMMaV) (17.25%), Fig fleck associated virus (FFkaV) (3.45%), and Fig cryptic virus (FCV) (55.17%). A reliable protocol for FCV and FMMaV elimination from 4 local fig varieties Zidi (ZDI), Soltani (SNI), Bither Abiadh (BA), and Assafri (ASF) via in vitro culture of 3 meristem sizes was established and optimized. With this protocol, global sanitation rates of 79.46%, 65.55%, 68.75%, and 70.83% respectively for ZDI, SNI, BA, and ASF are achieved. For all sanitized varieties, the effectiveness of meristem culture for the elimination of FCV and FMMaV viruses was related to meristem size. Meristem size 0.5 mm provides the highest sanitation rates ranging from 70% to 90%.

• Journal of the korean society of oceanography
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• v.35 no.2
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• pp.98-108
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• 2000

A geochemical study on a hemipelagic core sediment taken from the northwest Pacific Ocean (eastern edge of the Shikoku Basin) was conducted to use of excess barium (Ba(ex)) for evaluate the paleoceano-graphic changes. Also, the excursion of sedimentary Ba(ex) was compared with those of biogenic opal, carbonate and organic carbon content in the sediment during the last glacial and interglacial periods. The calculated Ba(ex) derived from the major and minor element shows a distinctive glacial-interglacial variations, and the mass accumulation rate (MAR) of Ba(ex) shows coincident variations with the MARs of biogenic fractions. Especially, strong positive correlation (r$^2$=0.85) between the MAR of Ba(ex) and the MAR of biogenic carbonate is recognized. Based on the strong positive correlation(r$^2$=0.85) between the MAR of Ba(ex) and the MAR of carbonate content, we estimated the degree of carbonate dissolution rate during the glacial and interglacial periods. Assuming the proportional variation and the refractory nature of barium exist between two factors, the variation of index Ca/Ba ratio in sediment indicates the degree of carbonate dissolution. Sedimentary Ca/Ba ratios index clearly show a striking fluctuation between the glacial and interglacial periods with higher positive correlation during glacial and lower correlation during interglacial. This fact indicates enhanced carbonate dissolution during interglacial period. Thus, the sedimentary Ca/Ba ratio in sedimentary records can be used as one of the useful tools for estimation of the relative degree of carbonate dissolution. The excursion of Ba(ex) and the sedimentary Ca/Ba ratio follows the typical pacific carbonate dissolution type(enhanced dissolution during interglacial and reduced dissolution during glacial time) as suggested by previous work (e.g., Wu et al., 1990). Variation in sedimentary Ca/Ba ratio thus strongly supports that glacial-interglacial fluctuation in carbonate dissolution has been prevailed in the northwest Pacific Ocean.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Aeronautical & Space Sciences
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• v.44 no.3
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• pp.240-246
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• 2016

The hottest news and achievements of space science and research in recent years may be NASA Curiosity rover's exploration (2013) of Mars, China Chang'e 3's exploration (2013) of Moon, ESA Rosetta's exploration (2014) of Comet 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko, and NASA New Horizons' exploration (2015) of Pluto, which are very astonishing achievement since such a deep space journey was possible with current technology. In contrast the wonderful cruise and navigation technologies evolution of explorer in deep space, there are no remarkable changes in deep space data communication, it is still in conservative area, of which much changes are reluctantly accepted so far. But there are some movements of deep space exploration in order to allow ground brilliant technologies to deep space. One of those experiments is internet, whose main topic of this paper. In this paper, we will present the analysis of effectiveness of solar system internet to deep space exploration.

• The Korean Journal of Applied Statistics
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• v.30 no.6
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• pp.943-955
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• 2017

We investigate and estimate the causal effect of the survey methods in telephone surveys for the 19th presidential election. For this causal study, we draw a causal graph that represents the causal relationship between variables. Then we decide which variables should be included in the model and which variables should not be. We explain why the research agency is a should-be variable and the response rate is a shouldnot-be variable. The effect of ARS can not be estimated due to data limitations. We have found that there is no significant difference in the effect of the proportion of cell phone survey if it is less than about 90 percent. But the support rate for Moon Jae-in gets higher if the survey is performed only by cell phones.

• Journal of the Mineralogical Society of Korea
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.189-194
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• 2011

Martian satellite missions indicate that Martian equatorial plains are covered by ferric iron oxide. As a non-destructive technique, low-temperature treatment of remanent magnetization is effective in identifying magnetic minerals in rocks. In the present study, four sets of ferric iron oxides were prepared by aqueous alteration of ferrihydrite at warm conditions and four others by dehydration of goethite. As the amount of aluminous trivalent cations increases, crystallographic lattice parameters and N$\acute{e}$el temperatures decrease. Such declines originate from lattice distortion as the smaller aluminous trivalent cations substitue the larger terric irons. Whilst high remanence memory was observed for aqueously produced ferric iron oxide, low remanence memory was observed for dehydrated ferric iron oxide. In the future. magnetic remanence memory would be powerful in diagnosing the origin of ferric iron oxide.

• Journal of Korean Society for Geospatial Information Science
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.3-10
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• 2012

The investigation of valley networks and their volume provide important information about past water activities on Mars. As an alternative of conventional image processing methods, terrain filtering algorithm using pointcloud data is suggested in this study. First, the topography of pointcloud is inverted so that the valleys become positive features and the algorithm is then applied to distinguish the valleys from the surface. Ground DEM and object DEM are generated from both the valleys and the surface pointcloud then the volume of valleys is estimated by multiplying the height difference between the surface with valleys and the area of valleys based on grid cellsize. In the test of valleys adjacent to Tuscaloosa crater, the total volume of valleys was estimated to be $1.41{\times}10^{11}m^3$ with the difference of 12% and 16% compared with the infill volume of Tuscaloosa crater and BTH result respectively.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• v.41 no.10
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• pp.1263-1274
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• 2009

Several experimental tests to simulate a reflood phase of a cold-leg LBLOCA of the APR1400 have been performed using the ATLAS facility. This paper describes the related experimental results with respect to the thermal-hydraulic behavior in the core and the system-core interactions during the reflood phase of the cold-leg LBLOCA conditions. The present descriptions will be focused on the LB-CL-09, LB-CL-11, LB-CL-14, and LB-CL-15 tests performed using the ATLAS. The LB-CL-09 is an integral effect test with conservative boundary condition; the LB-CL-11 and -14 are integral effect tests with realistic boundary conditions, and the LB-CL-15 is a separated effect test. The objectives of these tests are to investigate the thermal-hydraulic behavior during an entire reflood phase and to provide reliable experimental data for validating the LBLOCA analysis methodology for the APR1400. The initial and boundary conditions were obtained by applying scaling ratios to the MARS simulation results for the LBLOCA scenario of the APR1400. The ECC water flow rate from the safety injection tanks and the decay heat were simulated from the start of the reflood phase. The simulated core power was controlled to be 1.2 times that of the ANS-73 decay heat curve for LB-CL-09 and 1.02 times that of the ANS-79 decay curve for LB-CL-11, -14, and -15. The simulated ECC water flow rate from the high pressure safety injection pump was 0.32 kg/s. The present experimental data showed that the cladding temperature behavior is closely related to the collapsed water level in the core and the downcomer.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.12 no.6
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• pp.142-150
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• 2012

The development of technology in traditional media is affecting a variety of ways. In particular, the influence of digital images, the animation turned to a realistic 3D animation. With the release of realistic 3D animation , Robert Zemeckis received much attention but the audience did not like the animation of this style gradually. Robert Zemeckis gave up 3D animation after that drew attention for having a huge production budget while failing at a record-setting proportion in the American box-office. A digital actor in realistic 3D animation looks like real but the audience know that it is not real and they know that realistic 3D animations and live-action movies are different. So the audience will experience an emotional conflict like confusion, hesitation. The visual completion in realistic 3D animation is due to the development of technology and technology must develop to connect the audience acceptance and movie.

• Journal of Information Processing Systems
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• v.15 no.6
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• pp.1472-1488
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• 2019

Critical elements in the China's Lunar Exploration reside in that the lunar rover travels over the surrounding undetermined environment and it conducts scientific exploration under the ground control via teleoperation system. Such an interplanetary transportation mission teleoperation system belongs to the ground application system in deep space mission, which performs terrain reconstruction, visual positioning, path planning, and rover motion control by receiving telemetry data. It plays a vital role in the whole lunar exploration operation and its so-called trustworthy evidence must be assessed before and during its implementation. Taking ISO standards and China's national military standards as trustworthy evidence source, the net assessment model and net assessment method of teleoperation system are established in this paper. The multi-dimensional net assessment model covering the life cycle of software is defined by extracting the trustworthy evidences from trustworthy evidence source. The qualitative decisions are converted to quantitative weights through the net assessment method (NAM) combined with fuzzy analytic hierarchy process (FAHP) and entropy weight method (EWM) to determine the weight of the evidence elements in the net assessment model. The paper employs the teleoperation system for interplanetary transportation as a case study. The experimental result drawn shows the validity and rationality of net assessment model and method. In the final part of this paper, the untrustworthy elements of the teleoperation system are discovered and an improvement scheme is established upon the "net result". The work completed in this paper has been applied in the development of the teleoperation system of China's Chang'e-3 (CE-3) "Jade Rabbit-1" and Chang'e-4 (CE-4) "Jade Rabbit-2" rover successfully. Besides, it will be implemented in China's Chang'e-5 (CE-5) mission in 2019. What's more, it will be promoted in the Mars exploration mission in 2020. Therefore it is valuable to the development process improvement of aerospace information system.

• Proceedings of the Korea Concrete Institute Conference
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• 2008.04a
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• pp.1117-1120
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• 2008

In order to develop an Ultra High Performance Concrete (UHPC) suited to the Korean conditions, KICT has carried out several parts of research in the field of UHPC from 2003. KICT developed UHPC which was a structural material exhibiting very remarkable mechanical performances with compressive strength, tensile strength and flexural strength rising up to 200MPa, 15MPa and 35MPa, respectively. In addition, this material presents exceptional durability regard to the very low diffusion and penetration speeds of noxious substances like chloride ions. This 200MPa strength concrete has been effectively adopted for the construction of bridges like Sherbrooke Bridge in Canada in 1997, Sunyu Bridge in Korea in 2002, Meata Bridge in Japan in 2003, Sheperds Guelly Creek Bridge, the first ultra-high strength concrete highway bridge in Australia in 2004 and, more recently in 2005, Mars Hill highway bridge in USA in 2005. The construction of structures using ultra high performance concrete is a worldwide development trend of concrete technology for the construction of advanced facilities in the 21st century.