• Molecules and Cells
• /
• 제40권3호
• /
• pp.230-242
• /
• 2017

In the Arabidopsis genome, approximately 80 MAP3Ks (mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinases) have been identified. However, only a few of them have been characterized, and the functions of most MAP3Ks are largely unknown. In this paper, we report the function of MAP3K16 and several other MAP3Ks, MAP3K14/15/17/18, whose expression is salt-inducible. We prepared MAP3K16 overexpression (OX) lines and analyzed their phenotypes. The result showed that the transgenic plants were ABA-insensitive during seed germination and cotyledon greening stage but their root growth was ABA-hypersensitive. The OX lines were more susceptible to water-deficit condition at later growth stage in soil. A MAP3K16 knockout (KO) line, on the other hand, exhibited opposite phenotypes. In similar transgenic analyses, we found that MAP3K14/15/17/18 OX and KO lines displayed similar phenotypes to those of MA3K16, suggesting the functional redundancy among them. MAP3K16 possesses in vitro kinase activity, and we carried out two-hybrid analyses to identify MAP3K16 substrates. Our results indicate that MAP3K16 interacts with MKK3 and the negative regulator of ABA response, ABR1, in yeast. Furthermore, MAP3K16 recombinant protein could phosphorylate MKK3 and ABR1, suggesting that they might be MAP3K16 substrates. Collectively, our results demonstrate that MAP3K16 and MAP3K14/15/17/18 are involved in ABA response, playing negative or positive roles depending on developmental stage and that MAP3K16 may function via MKK3 and ABR1.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
• /
• 제27권8호
• /
• pp.1157-1163
• /
• 2014

This study was conducted to observe the effects of gas composition in modified atmosphere packaging (MAP) on the shelf-life of Longissimus dorsi of Korean Native Black Pigs-Duroc Crossbred ($KNP{\times}D$) during refrigerated storage. Muscle sample was obtained from the left side of carcass of seven months old of $KNP{\times}D$ barrow. The sample was sliced into 1 cm in thickness, placed on trays (two slices/tray) and filled with different gas composition, i.e. 0:20:80/$O_2:CO_2:N_2$ (MAP1), 30:20:50/$O_2:CO_2:N_2$ (MAP2) and 70:20:10/$O_2:CO_2:N_2$ (MAP3). Other slices of sample were vacuum packed (VP) as a control. All packs were stored at $5{\pm}1^{\circ}C$. At 12 d of storage, pH value of MAP2 and MAP3 were higher (p<0.05) than that of MAP1 and pH value of MAP1 was higher (p<0.05) than that of VP. At 6 d of storage, redness ($a^*$) value of MAP2 and MAP3 were higher (p<0.05) than that of VP and MAP1 and, at 9 and 12 d of storage, redness value of MAP3 was higher (p<0.05) than that of VP, MAP1, and MAP2. At 3, 6, 9, and 12 d of storage, the 2- thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) value of MAP3 was higher than that of MAP2 and TBARS value of MAP2 was higher than that of VP and MAP1. At 3, 6, 9, and 12 d of storage, volatile basic nitrogen values of MAP2 and MAP3 were higher (p<0.05) than those of VP and MAP1. At 3 d of storage, total aerobic plate counts of MAP2 and MAP3 were higher (p<0.05) than those of VP and MAP1 and, at 6 d of storage, total aerobic plate counts of MAP3 was higher (p<0.05) than that of MAP1 and MAP2. However, there was no significant different total aerobic plate count among MAP1, MAP2, and MAP3 at 9 and 12 d of storage. There was no significant different total anaerobic plate count among MAP1, MAP2, and MAP3 during storage. It is concluded that the MAP containing 30:20:50/$O_2:CO_2:N_2$ gas composition (MAP2) might be ideal for better meat quality for $KNP{\times}D$ meat.

• 한국정보통신학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국해양정보통신학회 2007년도 춘계종합학술대회
• /
• pp.65-68
• /
• 2007

DOCSIS 3.0 MAC프로토콜은 MAP 메시지를 통하여 CM과 CMTS의 채널 전송 시간을 조정하므로 프로토콜 성능에 영향을 미치게 된다. 하지만 MAP의 구성요소와 용도에 대한 정의만 표준안에 언급이 되어 있고, MAP 메시지의 전송주기에 대한 정의는 언급되어 있지 않다. 본 논문에서는 DOCSIS 3.0에서 MAP 전송주기에 따른 프로토콜의 성능을 평가하고, 평가 결과를 바탕으로 최적의 MAP 전송주기를 제안하였다. 평가 결과로 MAP 전송주기는 0.05sec일 때 최적의 프로토콜 성능을 보임을 알 수 있었다. 본 연구의 결과는 DOCSIS 3.0 기반 케이블망의 구축을 위한 중요한 성능 요소로 사용될 수 있다.

• 한국항행학회논문지
• /
• 제13권1호
• /
• pp.142-150
• /
• 2009

컴퓨터 게임에서 사용하는 복잡한 3차원 캐릭터 모델을 단순한 모델로 만드는 것은 매우 중요하다. 제안 방법은 3차원 게임 캐릭터에서 특징선을 추출하여 모델을 단순화 시키는 새로운 방법에 대해 제안한다. 주어진 3차원 캐릭터 모델은 텍스처 정보를 포함하고 있다. 3차원 캐릭터 모델에서의 텍스처 및 곡률의 변동을 이용해서 2차원 맵인 모델특징맵(Model Feature Map)을 생성한다. 모델특징맵은 곡률 맵(curvature map)과 텍스처 맵(texture map)으로부터 생성되며, 본 맵을 통해 에지 추출 기법을 이용하여 특징선을 추출한다. 모델특징맵은 표준 영상처리툴을 이용해 쉽게 편집할 수 있다. 실험을 통하여 본 알고리즘의 효율성을 보여주며, 실험은 얼굴 캐릭터에 한정하지 않는다.

• 대한원격탐사학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 대한원격탐사학회 2003년도 Proceedings of ACRS 2003 ISRS
• /
• pp.914-916
• /
• 2003

Most current 3D digital maps are 2.5 dimension models based on DEM, which can only be recognized, browsed and operated by a special software, far from meeting the needs of a modern digital city (global) with the distributed, isomerous and multiple application on the real 3D representation and open sharing models. In this paper, a new generation digital city oriented 3D digital map is studied. Firstly, a real 3D digital map representation is presented. And then, some key techniques and methods for browser-based 3D digital map’s representation, display and operation are introduced, which can realized the open sharing of 3D map in distributed, isomerous and multiple application environment. Furthermore, the scale driving technique of proposed 3D digital map is also studied. And currently, some developments based on some of the above methods are being carried to provide key and general platform for other application software’s development.

• 한국수학교육학회지시리즈B:순수및응용수학
• /
• 제5권1호
• /
• pp.55-63
• /
• 1998

A Gauss map of m-dimensional distribution on a Riemannian manifold M is called a harmonic Gauss map if it is a harmonic map from the manifold into its Grassmann bundle $G_m$(TM) of m-dimensional tangent subspace. We calculate the tension field of the Gauss map of m-dimensional distribution and especially show that the Hopf fibrations on $S^{4n＋3}$ are the harmonic Gauss map of 3-dimensional distribution.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
• /
• 제5권11호
• /
• pp.2175-2190
• /
• 2011

This paper presents the effects of depth map quantization for multiview intermediate image generation using depth image-based rendering (DIBR). DIBR synthesizes multiple virtual views of a 3D scene from a 2D image and its associated depth map. However, it needs precise depth information in order to generate reliable and accurate intermediate view images for use in multiview 3D display systems. Previous work has extensively studied the pre-processing of the depth map, but little is known about depth map quantization. In this paper, we conduct an experiment to estimate the depth map quantization that affords acceptable image quality to generate DIBR-based multiview intermediate images. The experiment uses computer-generated 3D scenes, in which the multiview images captured directly from the scene are compared to the multiview intermediate images constructed by DIBR with a number of quantized depth maps. The results showed that there was no significant effect on depth map quantization from 16-bit to 7-bit (and more specifically 96-scale) on DIBR. Hence, a depth map above 7-bit is needed to maintain sufficient image quality for a DIBR-based multiview 3D system.

• 제어로봇시스템학회논문지
• /
• 제22권9호
• /
• pp.745-752
• /
• 2016

We suggest an efficient Simultaneous Localization and 3D Polygon Map Building (SLAM) method with Kinect depth sensor for mobile robots in indoor environments. In this method, Kinect depth data is separated into row planes so that scan line segments are on each row plane. After grouping all scan line segments from all row planes into line groups, a set of 3D Scan polygons are fitted from each line group. A map matching algorithm then figures out pairs of scan polygons and existing map polygons in 3D, and localization is performed to record correct pose of the mobile robot. For 3D map-building, each 3D map polygon is created or updated by merging each matched 3D scan polygon, which considers scan and map edges efficiently. The validity of the proposed 3D SLAM algorithm is revealed via experiments.

• 호남수학학술지
• /
• 제38권3호
• /
• pp.625-642
• /
• 2016

The recent papers [7, 12] developed two maps named by an LA- [7] and an LMA-map [12]. The present paper studies their properties and further, develops generalized versions of an LA- and an LMA-map, which makes the LA- [7] and the LMA-map [12] improved.

• Journal of applied mathematics & informatics
• /
• 제17권1_2_3호
• /
• pp.537-545
• /
• 2005

The aim of this paper is to solve the open problem on product properties of digital covering maps raised from [5]. Namely, let us consider the digital images $X_1 {\subset}Z^{n_{0}}$ with $k_0-adjacency$, $Y_1{\subset}Z^{n_{1}}$ with $k_3-adjacency$, $X_2{\subset}Z^{n_{2}}$ with $k_2-adjacency$ and $Y_2{\subset}Z^{n_{3}}$ with $k_3-adjacency$. Then the reasonable $k_4-adjacency$ of the product image $X_1{\times}X_2$ is determined by the $k_0-$ and $k_2-adjacency$ and the suitable k_5-adjacency$ is assumed on $Y_1{\times}Y_2$ via the $k_1-$ and $k_3-adjacency$ [3] such that each of the projection maps is a digitally continuous map, e.g., $p_1\;:\;X_1{\times}X_2{\rightarrow}X_1$ is a digitally ($k_4,\;k_1$)-continuous map and so on. Let us assume $h_1\;:\;X_1{\rightarrow}Y_1$ to be a digital $(k_0, k_1)$-covering map and $h_2\;:\;X_2{\rightarrow}Y_2$ to be a digital $(k_2,\;k_3)$-covering map. Then we show that the product map $h_1{\times}h_2\;:\;X_1{\times}X_2{\rightarrow}Y_1{\times}Y_2$ need not be a digital $(k_4,k_5)$-covering map.