• Journal of the Korean Data and Information Science Society
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• 제28권6호
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• pp.1557-1564
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• 2017

We take genomic sequences of high-dimensional low sample size (HDLSS) without ordering of response categories into account. When constructing an appropriate test statistics in this model, the classical multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) approach might not be useful owing to very large number of parameters and very small sample size. For these reasons, we present a pseudo marginal model based upon the Gini-Simpson index estimated via Bayesian approach. In view of small sample size, we consider the permutation distribution by every possible n! (equally likely) permutation of the joined sample observations across G groups of (sizes $n_1,{\ldots}n_G$). We simulate data and apply false discovery rate (FDR) and positive false discovery rate (pFDR) with associated proposed test statistics to the data. And we also analyze real SARS data and compute FDR and pFDR. FDR and pFDR procedure along with the associated test statistics for each gene control the FDR and pFDR respectively at any level ${\alpha}$ for the set of p-values by using the exact conditional permutation theory.

• 산업융합연구
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• 제3권1호
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• pp.33-54
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• 2005

This article examines customer repurchase intention change. Specially we focus whether pre-purchase expectation and post-purchase satisfactions to retailers contribute to repurchase intention change. The previous works of customer satisfaction and repurchase intention were empirically tested the product based on the disconfirmation theory. But this study present the relations between the satisfaction and repurchase intention to stores. First, this study deliberately classified the types of stores. And I set the repurchase intention process apart into three part for empirical wok. In one part, the effect of trust has on expectation was tested. At the second procedure I test the expectation impact to satisfaction. Part three was about the relations between satisfaction and repurchase. In empirical test, convenience 200 sample was used. For these sample I use questionnaires that include the intensity of repurchase intention to postpurchase dissonance. Statistically regression uses as a solid tool to prove the relations between consumer satisfaction and repurchase. MANOVA results support the level of effect that different each store. They were supported through regression analysis. Also, by MANOVA the difference of them was turned out to be significant.

• 농촌계획
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.115-126
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• 2014

The purpose of this study is to segment foreign tourists who are visiting rural tourism village based on importance attributes of rural experiences tourism. From the literature review, rural experience tourism and its' importance attributes were discussed and these are, peculiar cultural experience, rural experience tourism price, food, natural scenery, accessibility, accommodation and convenient facility. On-site survey was conducted to collect the data from 8 rural tourism villages and a total of 258 useful samples were collected and analyzed. Frequent, cluster analysis, MDA, and MANOVA were performed to produce the results. The cluster analysis showed that three clusters solution was appropriate and named as moderated satisfaction group, high satisfaction group, and highly satisfaction group. The results of MANOVA showed that there were differences among the groups in terms of satisfaction and loyalty of rural experiences tourism. Theoretical and practical implications were discussed in the conclusion section.

• International Journal of Computer Science & Network Security
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• 제24권6호
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• pp.131-140
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• 2024

The outbreak of Covid-19 has forced teachers of special education in Saudi Arabia to keep to themselves to live in a technology-infused society throughout the virtual teaching and learning process. This study set out to explore the competence, self-efficacy, and autonomy in using information communication technology (ICT) of special education teachers in Saudi Arabia. A total of 244 special education teachers in Saudi Arabia participated in this study. This study adopted the New General Self-Efficacy Scale developed and validated by Chen, Gully, and Eden (2001), as well as the Basic Psychological Needs in Exercise Scale (BPNES) developed and validated by Vlachopoulos and Michailidou (2006). Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) and multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) were used as the main data analysis in this study. The findings showed that special education teachers in Saudi Arabia possessed competence, self-efficacy, and autonomy in using ICT in their teaching and learning process. All the factor loadings in each factor were.75 or higher, indicating good factor loadings. The results of the MANOVA indicated that special education teachers in Saudi Arabia do not report different perceptions of their competence, self-efficacy, and autonomy despite their different gender, age group, academic background, and teaching experiences.

• 농업과학연구
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• 제46권4호
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• pp.941-953
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• 2019

Biodiesels are being explored as a clean energy alternative to regular diesel, which causes pollution. In this study, the optimum conditions for producing biodiesel (BD) by combining beef tallow, an animal waste resource with a high saturated fatty acid content, and corn oil, a vegetable oil with a high unsaturated fatty acid content, were investigated, and the fuel properties were analyzed. Furthermore, Multivariate Analysis of Variance (MANOVA) was used to verify the optimum conditions for producing biodiesel. The influences of control factors, such as the oil blend ratio and methanol to oil molar ratio, on the fatty acid methyl ester and biodiesel production yield were investigated. As a result, the optimum condition for producing blended biodiesel was verified to be tallow to corn oil blend ratio of 7 : 3 (TACO7) and a methanol to oil molar ratio of 14 : 1. Moreover, the interaction between the oil blend ratio and the methanol to oil molar ratio has the most crucial effects on the production of oil blended biodiesel. In conclusion, the analysis results of the fuel properties of TACO7 BD satisfied the BD quality standard, and thus, the viability of BD blended with waste tallow as fuel was verified.

• 디지털융복합연구
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• 제14권4호
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• pp.33-42
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• 2016

본 연구는 원격대학원생들의 성별에 따른 차이가 학습 만족요인(콘텐츠, 시스템, 상호작용, 교수자이미지, 교수학습)에 어떠한 영향을 주는지 확인하고자 수행되었다. 이를 위해 서울 소재 원격대학원에서 강좌를 수강한 원격대학원생 88명을 대상으로 설문을 진행하였으며, 그 중 유효한 64개의 응답에 대해 SPSS 21.0 통계 패키지 프로그램을 활용하여 다변량분산분석(MANOVA)을 실시하였다. 분석 결과 5개의 학습만족요인 중 상호작용요인에서 유의미한 결과가 나타나는 것을 확인하였으며, 연구 결과의 원인을 분석하고 향후 방향에 대한 논의 및 시사점 등을 기술하였다.

• 한국전문물리치료학회지
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• 제29권3호
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• pp.215-224
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• 2022

Background: The presence of the lumbopelvic-hip neuromuscular chain is essential for dynamic spinal stabilization; its therapeutic effects on dynamic movements of the distal extremity segment and underpinning motor mechanism remain unknown and warrant further study on participants with low back pain (LBP). Objects: We aim to compare the effects of the broken chain exercise (BCE) and connected chain exercise (CCE) on electromyography (EMG) amplitude and onset time in participants with and without LBP. Methods: Randomized controlled clinical trial. A convenience sample of 40 nonathletic participants (mean age: 24.78 ± 1.70) with and without LBP participated in this study. All participants underwent CCE for 30 minutes, 30-minute daily. We measured EMG amplitude and onset times on bilateral erector spinae (ES), gluteus maximus (GM), hamstring (HAM), transverse abdominis (TrA), internal oblique (IO), and external oblique (EO) during the prone hip extension (PHE) test before and after the BCE and CCE. We used multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) to analyze the amplitude and onset time difference between exercises (BCE and CCE) and Pearson's correlations to determine any synergistic relationship among the HAM, GM, bilateral TrA/IO, and ES muscles. The statistical analyses were used at p < 0.05. Results: MANOVA showed that CCE was more decreased on EMG amplitude in HAM and bilateral ES, while increased GM and contralateral TrA/IO than BCE (p < 0.05). MANOVA EMG onset time data analyses revealed that the main effect of the conditions was significant for all HAM, GM, and bilateral ES muscles, whereas the main effect for the group was significant only for GM and contralateral ES in healthy and LBP groups. Pearson's correlation coefficient was computed to assess the relationship between BCE and CCE on dependent variables. In most of the muscles, there was a strong, positive correlation between the two variables, and there was a significant relationship (p < 0.001). Conclusion: CCE produced more effective and coordinated core stabilization and motor control mechanism in the lumbopelvic-hip muscles in participants with and without LBP during PHE than BCE.

• 대한토목학회논문집
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• 제37권2호
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• pp.369-377
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• 2017

부산광역시는 대중교통이용활성화정책의 하나의 방안으로 2007년부터 버스준공영제를 실시하였다. 준공영제 실시 후 노선개편과 요금제도 개선 등의 효과로 인해 일정기간 동안 버스이용객은 증가하였지만 다시 이용객이 감소하고 있는 추세이다. 이는 시스템적인 측면의 개선을 통해 가져올 수 있는 효과만으로는 시내버스 이용증가에 한계가 있다는 것을 시사한다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 시내버스 이용을 증가시키기 위하여 새로운 방안이 필요하다고 판단되어 친절서비스 향상 방안에 대해 분석을 실시하였다. 부산광역시 시내버스이용자와 운전자에게 16가지 친절서비스항목에 대해 설문을 진행하여 분석하였으며 주요 내용은 다음과 같다. 시내버스이용자와 운전자를 대상으로 친절서비스 항목에 대한 중요 정도를 판단하는 분석을 실시한 결과 친절서비스를 유지강화 해야 할 분야, 점진적으로 개선해나가야 할 분야, 향상을 위해 권장해야 할 분야, 그리고 집중적으로 개선해나가야 할 분야로 분류되었다. 상기 4가지 친절서비스 분야에 대한 업체별 차이를 파악하고자 부산광역시 시내버스 33개 업체를 대상으로 군집분석을 실시 한 결과 4개의 군집으로 나누어졌으며 친절서비스에 대해 높은 중요도를 보이는 2개의 군집(14개 업체)과 낮은 중요도를 보이는 2개의 군집(19개 업체)으로 분류되었다. 또한 4개의 친절서비스 분야가 군집 간에 유의한 차이를 보이는지 살펴보기 위하여 다변량 분산분석(MANOVA)을 실시한 결과 차이가 명확히 있는 것을 파악되었으며 이를 통해 부산광역시 시내버스 친절서비스 향상을 위한 제고방안에 대하여 고찰 하였다.

• 아동학회지
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• 제34권2호
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• pp.121-138
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• 2013

The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between self-perceptions and school children's depression according to their gender. The participants comprised 578 school age children in Daegu or Gyeongbok Province. The participants completed measures of self-perception(SPPC) and depression(CDI). The SPPC consisted of 6 domains, self-perception(scholastic competence, social acceptance, athletic competence, physical appearance, behavioral conduct and global self-worth). The collected data were analyzed by means of MANOVA, Repeated measures MANOVA, and Multiple Regression Analysis(using SPSS PC(19.0 version). The results were as follows. (1) Among the domain specific areas of self-perception, global self worth scored the highest amongst the other subscales(scholastic competence, social acceptance, athletic competence, behavioral conduct and global self-worth) in both boys and girls. (2) Level of depression in school children differed according to sex and domain specific self-perception which was social acceptance, physical appearance, behavioral conduct and global self worth. (3) Self-perception on depression was a more salient predictor in girls than boys. Among the domain specific area of self-perception, global self worth was the best predictor in both boys and girls.

• 수산해양교육연구
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• 제25권1호
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• pp.29-39
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• 2013

The purpose of this study is to analyze middle school teachers' concern about and implementation degree of performance assessment in China. The research questions are as follows: First, what kind of concern is held by middle school teachers who implement performance assessment? Second, is there any significant difference in stages of concern the teachers on performance assessment according to their gender, education level and teaching career? Third, which level of use is shown by middle school teachers who implement performance assessment? Fourth, what is the correlation between middle school teachers' Stages of Concern and Levels of Use on performance assessment? This study was conducted based on a Concerns-Based Adoption Model (Hall, 1973; CBAM) that viewed teachers as the most primary factor of the execution of innovation, in this case, performance assessment. Performance assessment is assessment based on observation and judgement (Stiggins, 1994), and require test takers to complete a process or produce a product in a context that closely resembles real-life situations. The subjects of this study were randomly sampled from 120 middle school teachers throughout Bei-Jing, China. The questionnaires were distributed to them by mail, and they were asked to return their questionnaire by mail. The collect data were analyzed by SPSS/WIN 18.0 program in terms of frequency, correlation, or MANOVA. Frequency analysis was used to analyze concern of middle school teachers on performance assessment. To gain an frequency of the individuals in each stage, we regarded the stage in which a teacher had his/her highest score as his/her relevant stage. Correlation analysis was adopted to identify the correlation between teachers' stage of concern and level of use. To analyze the difference of the concern of China middle school teachers on performance assessment according to their individual background variables such as gender, education level, and teaching career, MANOVA was performed.