• 품질경영학회지
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• 제44권3호
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• pp.601-616
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• 2016

Purpose: The purposes of this study are (1) to examine why users commit to M-SNG and (2) to understand what factors impact M-SNG users' enjoyment, motivation and commitment. Methods: We use a questionnaire survey to collect 190 data on users' perception on M-SNG. we also use a structural equation modeling method with Smart PLS 3.0 Results: Playfulness, design aesthetics, competition and social identity are found to be statistically significant factors affecting enjoyment and motivation. Also, enjoyment and motivation are found to be statistically significant factors affecting commitment. Conclusion: We suggest three points of view as game factors, socio-game factors, and social factors. Game factors are more important than other factors. Also, enjoyment is a more powerful factor than motivation in affecting user's commitment to using M-SNG.

• 한국항공운항학회지
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• 제21권3호
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• pp.55-64
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• 2013

As the price competition between airlines became increasingly intensified, due to increased participation of low-cost carriers in the air transport industry and the continued deregulation of international air transport, each airline has introduced various management techniques for securing international competitiveness and operational efficiency in order to cope with the uncertainty in air transport industry. The world leading LCCs, such as Ryan air, easyJet and Southwest, have changed their traditional business models by increasing operation to primary airports, diversifying operating routes, making strategic alliances with FSCs or other LCCs, increasing the operations on the mid or long distance routes, expanding ancillary revenues, etc. As Korea's air transport industry is confronting with intense competition, our LCCs are requested to adjust to this new challenging situation. As the world leading LCCs did, Korean LCCs are recommended to adopt new business models such as restructuring of the air transport industry through M&A, operating more flexibly in terms of frequency or route, launching of services to primary airports, making strategic alliances with foreign FSCs, developing of 4th or 6th traffic demands, etc.

• 한국잡초학회지
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.24-34
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• 1985

남부지역(南部地域)의 논 잡초발생(雜草發生) 및 경합특성(競合特性)을 파악(把握)하기 위하여, 농산(農産)벼와 동진(東津)벼를 공시(供試)하여 보통기(普通期)와 맥후작기재배(麥後作期栽培)에서 비교(比較)하였다. 이앙후(移秧後) 15일간격(日間隔)으로 조사일정(調査日程)을 정(定)하고 각기간(各其間)까지 잡초방임(雜草放任) 또는 무잡초상태(無雜草狀態)를 유지(維持)하면서 시험구별(試驗區別)로 잡초발생(雜草發生)을 조사(調査)하고 수확기(收穫期)에 수도생육량(水稻生育量) 수량요소(水量要素) 및 수량조사(收量調査)를 하여 다음과 같은 결과(結果)를 얻었다. 1. 우점종(優占種)은 물달개비와 올챙고랭이었으며, 사초과(莎草科) 잡초(雜草)의 종우점도(種優占度는 맥후작(麥後作)보다 보통기작(普通期作)에서, 동진(東津)벼 보다는 농산(農産)벼 재배지(栽培地)에서 높은 경향(傾向)이었다. 2. 잡초발생(雜草發生)은 보통기(普通期)의 경우, 동진(東津)벼 보다 농산(農産)벼에서 발생수(發生數)는 적었으나 생육량(生育量)은 컸으며, 맥후작기(麥後作期)에서는 오히려 농산(農産)벼에서 발생수(發生數)가 많고 생육량(生育量)은 적은 경향(傾向)이었다. 3. 공시(供試)했던 두 품종(品種)의 벼 모두가 잡초경합(雜草競合)으로 엽중(葉重)과 정조중(正租重)의 감소(減少)가 인정(認定)되었으며, 보통기작(普通期作)에서는 수당영화수(穗當穎花數)(농산(農産)벼), 맥후작(麥後作)에서는 두 품종(品種) 모두 등숙율(等熟率)(동진(東津)벼)의 감소(減少)에 의하여, 맥후작(麥後作)에서는 두 품종(品種) 모두 등숙율과(等熟率)과 립중감소(粒重減少)로 감수(減收)하는 경향(傾向)이었다. 4. 물달개비와 올챙고랭이가 우점(優占)했던 본 연구(硏究)의 경우, 수도(水稻)의 잡초경합특성(雜草競合特性)은 치명적(致命的) 경합기간(競合期間)이 길고 잡초발생허용기간(雜草發生許容期間)이 상대적(相對的)으로 짧은 경향(傾向)이었다. 5. 잡초경합(雜草競合)으로 인한 벼의 최대감수(最大減收)는 품종(品種)과 작기변동(作期變動)에 따라 무잡초구(無雜草區)의 25~55%에 달하였다.

• 한국실내디자인학회논문집
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• 제18권5호
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• pp.137-146
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• 2009

The purpose of this study is to analyze the planning concept and spatial characteristics of the multi-housing units in prize-wining works of design competition since 2007. Literature review and content analysis were used for this study and 199units over $59m^2$ were analyzed to review the planning concept, spatial composition and layout. The results of this study were as follows; 1)The planning concept of these units were divided into three aspects; that is, eco-friendly, rational and sustainable unit plan by means of functional, environmental-friendly and future-oriented aspects. 2)Most unit plans had 3LDK+2bath and 4Bay types including family room as a public space. This results shows that family-room and bathroom has recently become more important than number of rooms in multi-housing units planning. 2)In terms of the spatial composition of LDK and Master Bed room, LDK area become large, open type and master-zone were showed 'bed room+dress and powder room+bath' type. 3)The entrance has a intermediated space as a balcony or a former space and the privacy of LDK space was protected from the entrance. This study has a significant moaning on grasping current trend in Korean multi-housing and to provide Information for future direction on housing-unit design.

• 대한화학회지
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• 제54권1호
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• pp.110-114
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• 2010

알제리에서 출토되는 소듐-교환된 Maghnia 점에 대한 2개 염기성 염료인 RB5와 BG4의 흡착평형을 조사한 결과, 최대 흡착능은 각기 465.13 와 469.90 mg/g 으로 나타났다. ADMI 방법을 사용한 BR5 and BG4의 동시 흡착 실험에서 3개 다른 초기 농도비R (R=$C_{(BR5)}/C_{(BG4)}$) 2.5/1, 1/1, 1/2.5 을 사용하였다. 염료혼합물로부터 등온흡착 여부를 조사하여 경쟁 흡착인지를 알수 있다. 점토 표면 위 흡착 활성자리를 위한 BR5 and BG4 간 매우 강한 상호작용(R = 1/1)이 관찰되었다. RB 5 와 BG 4의 흡착능의 비율 R' (R'=$Qe_{(mixture)}/Qe_{(single)}$)은 초기 농도 비율 R (R=$C_{(BR5)}/C_{(BG4)}$)이 2.5/1, 1/1 and 1/2.5 인 경우에 대해 각기 0.86, 0.74 and 0.84 로 얻어졌다. Langmuir 와 Freundlich 모델이 각기 염료 뿐만 아니라 염료 혼합물의 흡착 거동에 잘 들어 맞음을 알 수 있었다.

• 반도체디스플레이기술학회지
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.67-71
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• 2015

Pulse electroplating was studied to form nanocrystal structure effectively by changing plating current density and duty cycle. When both of plating current density and duty cycle were decreased from $100mA/cm^2$ and 70% to $50mA/cm^2$ and 30%, the P content in the Ni matrix was increased almost up to the composition of $Ni_3P$ compound and the grain growth after annealing was retarded as well. The as-plated hardness values ranging from 660 to 753 HV are mainly based on the formation of nanocrystal structure. On the other hand, the post-anneal hardness values ranging from 898 to 1045 HV, which are comparable to the hardness of hard Cr, are coming from how competition worked between the precipitation of $Ni_3P$ and the grain coarsening. According to the ANOVA and regression analysis, the plating current density showed more strong effect on nanocrystal size and film hardness than the duty cycle.

• Asia Marketing Journal
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• 제15권4호
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• pp.187-200
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• 2014

The case study of OB shows dramatic market dynamics between leader brand vs. follower brand similar to Kirin vs. Asahi in Japan for two decades. Almost 20yrs ago, the brand status of OB was dramatically fallen because of the environmental pollution of subsidiary company and harsh competition of rivalry brand. But OB made a ground change in its brand strategy. OB departed from the pride in its past to bet on the new. OB decided to vitalize Cass brand through brand portfolio strategy. They deployed 3 phase articulated marketing plans; Phase I, Acquisition of Cass brand through M&A and strategic segmentation/targeting (1993-2005), Phase 2 - Mega Brand Strategy through Line Extension(2006-2009), Phase 3 - Experiential Marketing focused on Young Culture (2010- present). Finally, OB restored not only brand reputation of Cass and other brands but dominant market position in beer market. Now Cass has been growing rapidly in the last 20 years achieving 50% M/S. The three phases shows the typical successful process of brand management and revitalization adopting brand concept management and S-T-P strategy of manufacturing company.

• 한국잡초학회지
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.45-51
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• 1987

적미(赤米)에 대한 벼의 경합시기(競合時期)와 경합력(競合力)을 구명(究明)하기 위하여 폿트를 이용(利用), 적미(赤米)와 수도(水稻)를 함께 이앙(移秧)하여 이앙후 10일(日)부터 60일(日)까지 10일(日) 간격으로 적미(赤米)를 제거(除去)하여 한계 경합기간(競合期間)을 구명(究明)하였으며, 경합력(競合力)을 구명(究明)하기 위하여 대체적(代替的)인 설계방법(設計方法)에 의해 시험(試驗)을 수행(遂行)하였다. 검토(檢討)된 결과(結果)를 요약(要約)하연 다음과 같다. 1. 적미(赤米)에 의한 경합기간(競合期間)이 길어질수록 수도(水稻)의 초장(草長), 경수(莖數)의 감소(減少)는 크게 나타났으며 최고분벽기(最高分蘗期)는 빨라지는 경향(傾向)이었다. 2. 수도수량(水稻收量)은 이앙후(移秧後) 20일(日)부터 유의성(有意性) 있게 감소(減少)하기 시작(始作)하였으며 이는 주당수수(株當穗數) 감소(減少)가 가장 큰 요인(要因)이었으며 수당입수(穗當粒數), 간장(稈長)의 감소(減少)가 함께 영향을 끼친 것으로 생각된다. 3. 대체적(代替的) 설계(設計)에 의한 수도(水稻)와 적미(赤米)와 상호경합(相互競合)은 길항적(拮抗的)이었으며 따라서 상대수량계(相對收量計)도 상호길항적(相互拮抗的)임을 추정(推定)할 수 있었다. 4. 대체적(代替的) 설계(設計)에 의한 경합력 조사결과 수도(水稻), 적미(赤米)의 수당입수(穗當粒數), 간장(稈長), 수장(穗長) 변화(變化)는 큰 차이가 없었다. 5. 적미(赤米)의 수수(穗數)가 $m^2$당(當) 300 본(本) 발생(發生)되면 수량(收量)은 약(約) 50% 감수(減收)되었다.

• 한국환경복원기술학회지
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• 제2권2호
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• pp.53-61
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• 1999

This study was conducted to determine the optimal collecting time and methods of utilization of forest topsoil as a seed-bank source for revegetation materials of slopes. From April to November of 1998, nursery seedbeds in the greenhouse of Seoul National University were seeded with mixtures of forest topsoil and seeds. The nursery seedbeds were treated to evaluate the effect of depths of forest topsoil and seeding amounts. Seasonal experiments with $3{\times}3$ factorial design were conducted in April, June and August. More than 40 seedlings/$m^2$ were observed as the naturally-emerged species in the plot, treated with the top-layer forest soil within the depth of 10cm. However, it was found, as seeding more seeds, the number of appearance of the naturally-emerged species reduced because of the heavy competition between the seeded and the naturally-emerged. According to the results of this research, it is recommended that seeding amount should be no more than 1,000 seeds/$m^2$ to avoid the severe competition. Also it was observed that the forest topsoil collected in spring(April) is better than that collected in summer. The more species of the naturally-emerged were found in the forest topsoil collected in spring. Forest-topsoil-mixed-materials as a seed-bank source could significantly increase the plant diversity and productivity. Effective use of forest topsoil as a seed-bank source may become a valuable tool in future restoration of disturbed slopes for promoting plant community diversity and recycling of spoiled-soils from the slopes.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• 제23권4호
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• pp.360-366
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• 2000

The in vivo binding of dopamine (DA) radioligands to $D_2$receptors can be affected by competition with endogenous dopamine. In the present study, we used a brain slice preparation that provides more controlled conditions than in vivo preparations in order to examine the relationship between synaptic DA and the binding of [$^3H$] raclopride to $D_2$receptors. We also estimated the synaptic DA concentration in rat striatal slices by determining the changes in [$^3H$] raclopride binding. To correlate the changes in [$^3$H]raclopride binding with the concentration of synaptic DA, the kinetic parameters were determined. [$^3H$] Raclopride reached equilibrium binding conditions within two hours. The K value for DA in inhibiting [$^3$H]raclopride binding was about 2.2 nM. The increase in synaptic DA evoked by electrical stimulation decreased the striatal binding of [$^3H$] raclopride in a frequency-dependent manner. Increases in the DA concentration evoked by amphetamine (AMPH) or cocaine decreased [$^3H$] raclopride binding by 74% or 20%, respectively, corresponding to increases in the synaptic DA concentrations of 1.6 nM or 0.6 nM, respectively. Pargyline also decreased [$^3H$] raclopride binding by 36%corresponding at a concentration of 1.2 nM. In contrast, the depletion of synaptic DA by $\alpha$-methyl-p-tyrosine ($\alpha$-MpT) increased the specific binding of [$^3H$] raclopride by 43%when the DA concentration was decreased to 0.7 nM. The changes in the DA concentration at the synapse were responsible for the changes in the striatal binding of [$^3H$] raclopride. The values calculated in this study may therefore approximate the changes in the synaptic DA concentration in rat striatal slices following manipulation.