• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.13 no.11
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• pp.5433-5438
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• 2012

Background: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a common and aggressive malignancy. Despite of the improvements in its treatment, HCC prognosis remains poor due to its recurrence after resection. This study provides complete genetic profile for Egyptian HCC. Genome-wide analyses were performed to identify the predictive signatures. Patients and Methods: Liver tissue was collected from 31 patients with diagnosis of HCC and gene expression levels in the tumours and their adjacent non-neoplastic tissues samples were studied by analyzing changes by microarray then correlate these with the clinico-pathological parameters. Genes were validated in an independent set by qPCR. The genomic profile was associated with genetic disorders and cancer focused on gene expression, cell cycle and cell death. Molecular profile analysis revealed cell cycle progression and arrest at G2/M, but progression to mitosis; unregulated DNA damage check-points, and apoptosis. Result: Nine hundred fifty eight transcripts out of the 25,000 studied cDNAs were differentially expressed; 503 were up-regulated and 455 were down-regulated. A total of 19 pathways were up-regulated through 27 genes and 13 pathways were down-regulated through 19 genes. Thirty-seven genes showed significant differences in their expression between HCC cases with high and low Alpha Feto Protein ($AFP{\geq}600$ IU/ml). The validation for the microarray was done by real time PCR assay in which PPP3CA, ATG-5, BACE genes showed down-regulation and ABCG2, RXRA, ELOVL2, CXR3 genes showed up-regulation. cDNA microarrays showed that among the major upregulated genes in HCC are sets. Conclusion: The identified genes could provide a panel of new diagnostic and prognostic aids for HCC.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.63 no.2
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• pp.13.1-13.6
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• 2023

Animals imported from abroad are a cause of rabies outbreaks in many countries. Therefore, rabies serology testing for dogs and cats traveling abroad is an important measure to reduce the incidence of rabies. Rabies virus antibodies were measured in sera collected from 2,367 dogs and 894 cats between 2017 and 2021. A serum sample with a value of 0.5 IU/mL or higher was considered a pass. The overall pass rates for rabies virus were 96.4% in dogs and 98.4% in cats. The mean rabies virus neutralization assay titers were higher in cats than in dogs and in female than in male animals. According to age, 6-year-old dogs and 9-year-old cats had the highest virus neutralization assay titers. Of the failure cases, 53.0% (53/100) were dogs or cats less than 1 year old. Although the average failure rates in dogs and cats were low at 3.5% and 1.6%, respectively, the factors influencing failure were age and vaccine manufacturer. Therefore, it is necessary to observe the vaccination interval and timing of blood collection after boosting.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.142-150
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• 2009

The complete genome sequences of RNA3 and RNA4 of the 13 different Rice stripe virus (RSV) isolates were determined and characterized in this study to address the possible causes of the recent re-emergence of RSV that affected many rice fields in Korea. The genome size of each RNA segment varied among isolates and significant differences were observed in the intergenic region. There was up to 4% average divergence in the RNA4 nucleotide sequence among 13 Korean isolates and only 1.4% in the RNA3. Phylogenetic relationships among different Korean isolates revealed that there were at least 2 types of RNA3 and 4 distinct types of RNA4 genomes present in Korea. However, Korean isolates with one type of RNA3 predominate over the other while the occurrences of the RSV Korean isolates with the 4 types of RNA4 genome were not correlated to specific geographical areas. Results further indicate that RNA4 had diverged more than RNA3 and these differences in accumulation of mutations in the individual RNA segments indicate that genetic reassortment were likely to contribute to the genetic divergence in the 13 Korean isolates. All of the Korean-RNA3 sequences except for one isolate grouped with Chinese isolates (JY and Z). In contrast, the RNA 4 sequences segregated together with either Chinese (JY and Z) and Japanese (M and T) isolates but genetic relationships of Korean isolates- RNAs 3 and 4 segments to Chinese-Y isolate were low. Altogether, these results suggest that the occurrence of mixtures of RNAs 3 and 4 genotypes in the natural population of RSV may have contributed to the sudden outbreak in Korea.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.61 no.2
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• pp.13.1-13.8
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• 2021

Mammalian reovirus (MRV) causes respiratory and intestinal disease in mammals. Although MRV isolates have been reported to circulate in several animals, there are no reports on Korean MRV isolates from wildlife. We investigated the biological and molecular characteristics of Korean MRV isolates based on the nucleotide sequence of the segment 1 gene. In total, 144 swabs from wild animals were prepared for virus isolation. Based on virus isolation with specific cytopathic effects, indirect fluorescence assays, electron microscopy, and reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction, only one isolate was confirmed to be MRV from a Korean roe deer (Capreolus pygargus). The isolate exhibited a hemagglutination activity level of 16 units with pig erythrocytes and had a maximum viral titer of 10^5.7 50% tissue culture infectious dose (TCID₅₀)/mL in Vero cells at 5 days after inoculation. The nucleotide and amino-acid sequences of the partial segment S1 of the MReo2045 isolate were determined and compared with those of other MRV strains. The MReo2045 isolate had nucleotide sequences similar to MRV-3 and was most similar (96.1%) to the T3/Bat/Germany/342/08 strain, which was isolated in Germany in 2008. The MReo2045 isolate will be useful as an antigen for sero-epidemiological studies and developing diagnostic tools.

• Natural Product Sciences
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.33-38
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• 1999

Ethanolic extracts of different parts of 10 local traditional vegetables (ulam) (Amaranthus gangeticus, Jussiaea linifolia, Eugenia polyantha, Trapa incisa, Trichosanthes anquina, Mangifera indica, Pachyrrhirus erosus, Barringtonia mcarostachya, Carica papaya, and Coleus tuberosus) were screened for in vitro antitumor promoting activity using the inhibition test of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) activation in Raji cells induced by phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate and sodium-n-butyrate. All the extracts were found to have strong inhibition activity toward EBV-activation, except for leaf extract of T. anquina. The extracts were non-cytotoxic to the Raji cells except for the extracts of A. gangeticus (leaves), B. macrostachya (leaves), E. polyantha (young leaves), and J. linifolia (leaves) where the viability of the cells were decreased significantly.

• Korean Journal Plant Pathology
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.68-73
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• 1998

Barley mild mosaic virus (BaMMV-Kor) was isolated from the southern part of Korea, and by mechanical inoculation onto barley cultivars, purification and production of antibody. BaMMV-Kor purified form infected plants were filamentous particle, with 13 nm in diameter and 250∼300 nm and 500∼650 nm in length. Antibody of BaMMV-Kor was made by injecting the purified virus to the muscle of a rabbit. In gel-diffusion test, antibody to BaMMV-Kor created spur with BaMMV-Kal and BaMMV-M, but did not make spur with BaMMV-Kor infected New Golden, Ishukushirazu, Joshushiro Hadaka and Misato Golden, but did not infect Kashimamugi, Chikurin Ibaraki 1 and Mokusekko 3. In Korean barley cultivars, BaMMV-Kor infected most of the covered barley cultivars, but did not infect Saeolbori. It also infected naked barley cultivars except Chalbori and Hinssalbori. And all the beer barley cultivars were infected by BaMMV-Kor. BaMMV-Kor had two RNAs, RNA 1 (7.5 Kb) and RNA 2 (3.5 Kb), and coat protein (33 KDa).

• Journal of Microbiology
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• v.35 no.1
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• pp.72-77
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• 1997

The baculovirus gp64 glycoprotein is a major component of the envelope protein of budded virus (BV). It has been shown that the gp64 glycoprotein plays an essential role in the infection process, especialy fusion between virus envelope and cellular endosomic membrane. Recently we reported optimal conditions required for gp64-mediated membrane fusion in pGP64 DNA transfected Spodoptera frugiperda (Sf9) cells (H. J. Kim and J. M. Yang, Jour, Microbiology, 34.7-14). In order to investigate the role of hydrophobicity within the fusion domain of the gp64 glycoprotein for membrane fusion, 13 mutants which have substitution mutation within hydrophobic region I were constructed by PCR-derived site-derected mutagenesis. Each mutated gp64 glycoproteins was transiently expressed by transfecting plasmid DNA into Spodoptera frugiperda (Sf9) cells. Oligomerization of the transisently expressed gp64 glycoproteins was a nalysed by running them on SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis under non-reducing condition followed by immunoblotting. All of the mutant gp64 glycoproteins expect cysteine-228 were able to form trimers. These results suggest that hydrophobic region I of the gp64 may not be responsible for the oligomerization of the gp64 glycoprotein.

• The Journal of Korean Society of Virology
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.287-293
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• 1998

Hantaan virus are widely distributed in rodents populations in Korea. Two antigenically distinct hantaviruses have been isolated from Apodemus agrarius in 1976 and Rattus norvegicus in 1980 in Korea. This study was designed to find the serological evidence of hantavirus infection among indigenous wild rodents captured in 7 Mountains located in Kangwon province of south Korea. A total 191 wild rodents of 3 species were trapped in Chumbong mountain, Kali mountain, Hansuk mounatin, Chachil peak, Bukam ridge, Kyebang mountain and Odae mountain in 1997. Serologic evidence for hantavirus infection were tested using hantavirus antigens by indirect immunofluorescent antibody technique (IFA). Among 85 Apodemus agrarius, 77 Apodemus peninsulae and 29 Eothenomys regulus; 8 A. agrarius (9.4%), 11 A. peninsulae (14.3%) and 4 E. regulus (13.8%) were immunofluorescent antibody positive against hantaan virus. IF antibody titers against Puumala virus of 3 E. regulus sera were higher than against hantaan virus. This data suggest that several antigenically distinct hantaviruses have been circulated in rodent populations in Korea.

• Research in Plant Disease
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.1-7
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• 2009

Viruses diagnosed on crops including rice plants from farmers or agricultural extension agencies cover the country were 11 species including Broad bean wilt virus 2 (BBWV2) in 2008. Tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV) was the most important virus having the detection rate of 22.9%. Two viruses of Tomato yellow leaf curl virus (TYLCV) and Tobacco leaf curl virus (TLCV) inducing leaf yellow and curl diseases on tomatoes were occurred newly with the detection rate of 12.2% and 4.0%, respectively, in 2008. Rice stripe virus (RSV) was occurred on 869.5 ha mainly at Jindo and Haenam areas in Jeollanamdo province. At Jindo area, 12 plots were damaged severely with the infected hill rate of 83.8%. At the main production area of oriental melon at Seongju, almost all fruits from whole sale market at Seongju were infected with Cucumber green mottle mosaic virus (CGMMV) as the detection rate of 87%. The areas occurred TSWV in Korea were 25 totally from 2003 including 7 areas newly reported in 2008 including Naju in Jeoallanamdo. TSWV could be reduced as 0.1 % from 5.3% by covering insect proof net in vinyl house after chemical soil sterilization. Tomato yellow leaf curl disease was occurred on April in 2008 at Tongyoung area in Kyeongsangnamdo, and detected continuously at 13 areas, 7 in Kyeongsangnamdo, 4 in Jeollabukdo and 2 in Jejudo. Potato spindle tuber viroid (PSTVd) was occurred abruptly in a confined space of a civil breeding greenhouse and a cultivar evaluation field followed by disuse 17.4 M/T of potato tubers. No PSTVd was detected at 17 fields cultivated the related potatoes to the bred company by RT-PCR.

• Rapid Communication in Photoscience
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• v.1 no.2
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• pp.50-50
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• 2012