• Research in Plant Disease
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.299-303
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• 2023

Rust symptoms on Meliosma myriantha trees have been noticed during disease surveys in Korea since 2010, with a high disease incidence frequently surpassing 90%. The causal fungus of the rust disease was identified as Neophysopella vitis based on the morphological investigation and molecular sequence analysis of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) and large subunit (LSU) rDNA regions. This is the first report of rust disease caused by N. vitis on M. myriantha in Korea. A pathogenicity assay proved that M. myriantha serves as the aecial host of N. vitis as spermogonia and aeciospores were produced, which can infect the two uredinial hosts, Boston ivy (Parthenocissus tricuspidata) and Virginia creeper (Parthenocissus quinquefolia).

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.41 no.1
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• pp.93-99
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• 2009

This study aimed to determine whether or not glycoprotein isolated from Cudrania tricuspidata Bureau fruit(CTB glycoprotein) exerts a hepatoprotective effect on liver injury induced by the administration of carbon tetrachloride($CCl_4$, 1.0mL/kg) to A/J mice. Following the administration of CTB glycoprotein(0-20mg/kg), the activities of antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase(SOD), catalase(CAT), and glutathione peroxidase(GPx)), and the quantities of measured thiobarbituric acid reactive substances(TBARS), lactate dehydrogenase(LDH), and nitric oxide(NO) were evaluated from the murine liver tissues and plasma. Additionally, the activity of nuclear factor-kappa B(NF-${\kappa}B$) was assessed after pretreatment with $CCl_4$. When the mice were treated with $CCl_4$ alone, the activities of antioxidative enzymes reduced but amounts of TBARS, LDH, and NO increased. However, the results of treatment with CTB glycoprotein(10 and 20 mg/kg) revealed significantly increased activities of antioxidant enzymes(SOD, CAT, and GPx), as compared with $CCl_4$ alone. On the other hand, the result showed significant diminutions of the quantities of TBARS, LDH, and NO after treatment with CTB glycoprotein(10 and 20 mg/kg), as compared to $CCl_4$ alone. The activity of NF-${\kappa}B$ also declined after pretreatment with CTB glycoprotein, as compared with $CCl_4$ treatment alone. Thus, it is suggested that the CTB glycoprotein exerts a protective effect against $CCl_4$-induced liver injury in A/J mice.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.41 no.4
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• pp.405-412
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• 2009

The purpose of this study was to determine the inhibitory effect of a glycoprotein isolated from Cudrania tricuspidata Bureau (CTB glycoprotein, 75 kDa) on immunoglobulin E (IgE)-induced allergic inflammation in RBL-2H3 cells. This experiment evaluated the production of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS), the activities of mitogenactivated protein kinase (MAPK), transcription factor (c-jun), and cyclooxygenase (COX)-2, and histamine release in cells. The results showed that the CTB glycoprotein inhibited histamine release and COX-2 expression induced by IgE in the cells. The CTB glycoprotein also had suppressive effects on the expressions of ERK1/2, p38 MAPK, c-jun, and the production of intracellular ROS in IgE-treated RBL-2H3 cells. The activities of c-jun and COX-2 were collectively blocked by ERK1/2 inhibitor (PD98059) and p38 MAPK inhibitor (SKF86002), respectively. Hence, we speculate that CTB glycoprotein might be a component with potential use in the preparation of health supplements for the prevention of allergic diseases.

• Proceedings of the Plant Resources Society of Korea Conference
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• 2020.08a
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• pp.82-82
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• 2020

염증 (Inflammation)은 물리적인 상처나 세균감염이 되었을 때 손상된 조직을 재생하고 신체를 방어하기 위해 일어나는 선천성 면역반응으로 알려져 있다. 주로 선천면역을 담당하는 대식세포는 lipopolysaccharide, reactive oxygen species와 cytokine 등에 의해 활성화되어 tumor necrosis factor-α. interleukin-1β, interleukin-6 등 염증인자들의 생성에 관여한다. 특히, 산화질소는 superoxide 음이온과 쉽게 반응하고 peroxynitrite와 같은 독성이 강한 산화제를 생성하여 단백질 및 지질의 과산화를 유도하고 세포독성을 일으키는 것으로 보고되고 있다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 항산화 및 항염증 소재를 탐색하기 위해 오미자 (Schisandra chinensis), 꾸지뽕 (Cudrania tricuspidata)을 이용하여 항산화 활성을 평가하고자 하였으며, 세포주를 활용한 세포독성 및 항염증 활성을 확인하고자 하였다. 본 연구는 전북 순창군에서 재배된 오미자, 꾸지뽕을 열 건조(60℃) 통해 건조한 후 분말화하였다. 최적 추출 조건 선정을 위해 다양한 용매 (열수, 증류수, 주정 20, 40, 60%), 온도 (25, 40, 60, 80℃) 및 시간 (1, 2, 3, 4, 5 h) 조건에서 추출된 추출물의 총 폴리페놀 함량을 비교함으로써 최적 조건을 선정하였다. 오미자와 꾸지뽕의 DPPH 및 ABTS radical 소거 활성, 총 플라보노이드 함량을 확인하여 항산화능 및 기능성 성분 함량을 평가하였다. 또한 대식세포주인 Raw 264.7을 활용하여 MTT assay, 산화질소 생성 억제 활성을 확인하여 세포독성 및 항염증 활성을 평가하였다. 실험 결과, 오미자 및 꾸지뽕은 각각 주정 40%, 60℃ 그리고 증류수, 60℃에서 추출 시 가장 높은 총 폴리페놀 함량 (약 98.3 mg GAE/g 및 88.2 mg GAE/g)을 함유하며, DPPH 라디칼 소거 활성은 약 44.6% 및 24.4%, ABTS 라디칼 소거 활성은 약 30.3% 및 40.8%로 확인되었다. 총 플라보노이드 함량은 약 21.80 mg QE/g 및 35.68 mg QE/g으로 확인되었다. 또한 오미자 및 꾸지뽕 기능성 추출물을 100 ug/mL 처리 시 세포 독성이 나타나지 않는 것으로 확인되었으며, NO 생성량을 약 56.3% 및 21.7% 저감시켜 항염증 효능을 나타내는 것으로 확인되었다.

• Proceedings of the Plant Resources Society of Korea Conference
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• 2019.04a
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• pp.99-99
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• 2019

꾸지뽕나무(Cudrania tricuspidata)는 뽕나무과(Moraceae)에 속하는 낙엽활엽 소교목이다. 우리나라와 중국, 일본과 같은 동아시아에 주로 분포하며 척박한 땅에서도 잘자라고 병충해에 강하다고 알려져 있다. 예로부터 꾸지뽕나무는 항암, 간보호, 눈을 밝게하는 작용이 있다고 동의보감과 신농본초경에 기록되어 있다. 우리나라는 오랫동안 된장 등 발효식품을 자주 접하고 섭취하여 왔다는 점을 고려하여 본 연구를 수행하였다. 발효균을 접종하면 항암활성, 면역체계 개선 등 다양한 생리활성 물질이 증가한다고 알려져 있다. 본 연구는 가시가 없고 잎이 커 작업성이 용이한 대품 품종을 2018년 9월에 전남 신안군에서 채취하여 분석 시료로 사용하였다. 항산화활성 측정은 프리라디칼(DPPH, ABTS) 소거능을 측정하여 농도(EC50)별 측정결과 $100{\mu}g/mL$ ext. 이하로 항산화 활성이 열매보다 잎이 높다는 것을 확인하였다. 황국균(Aspergillus oryae)을 꾸지뽕나무 잎과 열매에 접종시켜 페놀성화합물을 스크리닝 한 결과 기존에 발견되지 않은 Salicylic acid, Naringenin, Vanilic acid, Oxyresveratrol 등 기능성 물질이 발견되었고, 잎의 경우 36시간 발효물(355mg/g)은 무처리군(179mg/g)에 비해 2배정도 상승하였다. 열매의 경우 48시간 발효시켰을 경우(472mg/g)으로 무처리군(156mg/g)보다 3배정도 상승하였다. 발효를 통해 꾸지뽕나무 잎과 열매의 최적의 추출조건을 확립하고 생리활성 물질 분석을 이용한 효능탐색 등을 진행하였다. 향후 꾸지뽕나무를 활용한 식품 소재개발 등 사업화에 기초적인 자료를 제공하여 임업인의 새로운 소득품목 육성에 기어코자 한다.

• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.50 no.4
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• pp.215-220
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• 2007

One of the important functions of skin is protection from harmful environments. Many studies have explored how to prevent skin from wrinkling and the occurrence of pigmentation changes. Skin wrinkling and pigmentation changes could be caused by unusual disruption of connective tissue, the formation of free radicals and ultraviolet radiation. In this study, extracts obtained from 254 different kinds of Jeju medicinal plants were screened for inhibitory effects on tyrosinase and elastase, and for free radical scavenging effects. Four herbs, Phormium tenax, Morus bombycis, Morus alba, and Cudrania tricuspidata, were potent inhibitors of tyrosinase ($IC_{50}$ values 4.62, 5.46, 8.17, and 64.17 ${\mu}g$/mL, respectively). Aleurites fordii [$IC_{50}$: 5.29 ${\mu}g$/mL, 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH)], Distylium racemosum ($IC_{50}$: 6.14 ${\mu}g$/mL), Acer palmatum ($IC_{50}$: 5.44 ${\mu}g$/mL), and Spiraea salicifolia ($IC_{50}$: 5.25 ${\mu}g$/mL) showed good antioxidative effects. Furthermore, Distylium racemosum ($IC_{50}$: 7.51 ${\mu}g$/mL), Diospyros kaki ($IC_{50}$: 15.1 ${\mu}g$/mL), Cornus macrophylla ($IC_{50}:$ 16.59 ${\mu}g$/mL), and Psidium guajava ($IC_{50}$: 40.25 ${\mu}g$/mL) exhibited potent inhibitory effects on elastase. These results suggest that medicinal plants possessing several biological activities may be potent inhibitors of the processes involved in pigmentation increases and aging. Further investigations will focus on in vivo assays and on the chemical identification of the major active components responsible for whitening and anti-aging activity in the screened efficacious extracts.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.287-297
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• 2024

It was confirmed that complex fermentation (CF) was more efficient than single-strain fermentations in inducing changes in the contents of phenolic compounds of Maclura tricuspidate and Pyrus Montana Nakai. A mixture of Maclura tricuspidata, Pyrus montana Nakai, Platycodon grandiflorum and Codonopsis lanceolata were fermented in CF using Aspergillus shirousamii (koji), yeast, and lactic acid bacteria (LAB) for 24 days, and the pH, °Brix, total acidity, anti-oxidant activity, polyphenol content, nitric oxide (NO), and Western blotting of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), cyclo-oxygenase-2 (COX-2), and tumor necrosis factor-𝛼 (TNF-𝛼) of the sample were determined. There was no significant change in pH and total acidity. °Brix significantly decreased from day 6 onwards. HPLC confirmed that the concentrations of chlorogenic acid, 4-hydrobenzoic acid, vanillic acid, and caffeic acid significantly increased from day 18 during the fermentation. Additionally, DPPH, ABTS radical scavenging activity, total phenol, and total flavonoid were confirmed to be increased until 18 days. NO was significantly inhibited from day 6, along with significant inhibition of iNOS, COX-2, and TNF-a. In conclusion, this study confirmed that CF of low-use (or underutilized) wild vegetables enhances phenolic compounds. It effectively suppresses NO, iNOS, COX-2, and TNF-𝛼, markers of inflammation-related pathogenesis. Altogether, our results suggest that CF of the above plants has a potential anti-inflammatory effect.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.104 no.4
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• pp.564-577
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• 2015

The objectives of this study were to investigate the possibility of establishing a tree nursery at Saemangeum reclaimed land and to classify landscape trees based on the salt tolerance. A tree nursery (2.0 ha) was made in Gunsan Okgu area in 2012 with underground drain lines on the reclaimed land established in 2010. Salt content of the nursery soil within the 60 cm depth in 2013 was 5.13 dS/m and 8.20 dS/m for the pre-desalinated and non-desalinated lands, respectively. Thirty-six woody plant species (22 tree species and 14 shrub species at ages of 1 to 4) with a total of 3,943 individuals were planted in early April, 2013 and their growth performance was monitored until September of the same year. The average survival rate of the transplanted plants was 71.4% in late September, suggesting the high possibility of establishing a tree nursery at the reclaimed land. Based on the survival rate and tree vigor (amount of healthy leaves and crown development), the following 17 species with some salt tolerance were classified into three groups: "salt tolerant group" (3 species, Tamarix chinensis, Cudrania tricuspidata, Ilex serrata), "recommended group" (5 species, Pinus thunbergii, Albizia julibrissin, Ligustrum obtusifolium, Rosa rugosa, Pleioblatus pygmaeus), "plantable group" (9 species, Zelkova serrata, Hibiscus syriacus, Elaeagnus umbellata, Sorbus alnifolia, Sophora japonica, Metasequoia glyptostroboides, Quercus acutissima, Ulmus parvifolia, Robinia pseudoacacia). Seven tree species that had been adapted to the reclaimed land for three to four years before being transplanted to new reclaimed land in Gunsan Okgu area showed average survival rate of 98%, suggesting that pre-conditioned trees would survive well in the reclaimed land.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.10-16
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• 2011

This study was carried out to analyze the vegetation and soil characteristic, and ordination of the Ilex cornuta population, in the Yongsu Reservoir of Jeju Island. The Ilex cornuta population was classified into Cudrania tricuspidata dominant population, Sageretia theezans dominant population, and Mallotus japonicus dominant population. In the study sites, soil organic matter(O.M.), total nitrogen(T.N.), available phosphorus($P_2O_5$), changeable potassium, changeable calcium, changeable magnesium and soil pH were 14.62~17.35%, 0.39~0.51%, 8.83~20.15mg/kg, 0.44~0.64cmol+/kg, 5.79~6.87cmol+/kg, 3.43~4.19cmol+/kg and 5.41~5.80, respectively. The Mallotus japonicus dominant population was mainly found in the high percentage of available phosphorus, organic matter. It was also showed the lowest concentration of exchangeable K, and Mg. Cudrania tricuspidata dominant population and Sageretia theezans dominant population were found in the low percentage of available phosphorus, organic matter and there were also showed the highest concentration of exchangeable K, and Mg. It is one of the evidence that Ilex cornuta community indicated an intensive site management likes clearance of creeper is proper habitat management protocol. Thus, further researches should be followed to determine the other disturbance factors as management techniques.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.42 no.4
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• pp.608-614
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• 2013

We investigated the anti-wrinkle activity of an 80% ethanol extract of Curdrania tricuspidata leaves (CTL80) on ultraviolet-induced photoaging in hairless mice. Skin wrinkles were induced by 10 weeks of UVB-irradiation on the back of Skh-1 hairless mice three times a week. Mice were divided into ten groups; normal control (-UVB), UVB irradiated control group (+UVB), dietary groups (UVB+ascorbic acid 0.1%, UVB+CTL80 0.1%, UVB+CTL80 0.25%) and topical application groups (-UVB+base lotion (BL), UVB+BL, UVB+ascorbic acid 1%+BL, UVB+CTL80 1%+BL, UVB+CTL80 2%+BL). Wrinkle formation, histological changes, superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities, glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), and the expression of matrix metalloproteinases (MMP-1, MMP-3 and MMP-9) were analyzed. Wrinkles for the +UVB groups formed as a pattern of deep furrows and thick crests. Wrinkles with CTL80 treatment formed as a pattern of shallow furrows and thin crests, with wrinkle areas were lower than the +UVB group. In an antioxidant analysis of mouse blood, SOD and GSH-Px activities were significantly higher in the CTL80 topical application group compared to the +UVB group. The mRNA expression of MMPs in the +UVB group was significantly higher than the normal control group, and significantly lower in the CTL80-treated group. In conclusion, CTL80 exerted anti-wrinkle activity on ultraviolet-induced photoaging by regulating antioxidative defense systems and MMPs expression.