• Asian Journal of Turfgrass Science
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.303-309
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• 1997

The investigation was cycle of aluminum of surface soil elements in dynamic grassland ecosystems at a steady state in a Zoysia japonica and a Miscanthus sinensis ecosystem in Mt. Kwanak, Korea. Average amounts of total storage for aluminum in Z japonica and M. sinensis grasslands were 8,426mg /$m^2$ and 7,849mg /$m^2$ respectively. Decay constants estimated on the base of experimental and mathematical model, were 0.04 in Z japonica grassland, and 0.08 in M. sinensis grassland. Half time to decay aluminum of litter soils were 17.33 years in Z japonica grass-land, and 8.66 years in Al. sinensis grassland. 95% decay times in Z japonica, and in M. sinensis grassland were 75.0 years and 35.0 years respectively. Needed times to lose almost all of elements in Z japonica and M. sinensis grassland were 125.0 years, and 62.50 years respectively. The metals were losed more rapidly in M. sinensis than in Z japonica grassland. The cycle of aluminum was investigated to be related with soil acidity. Key words: Cycle of aluminum, Zoysia japonica. Miscanthus sinensis, Mt. Kwanak, Decay constants, Soil acidity.

• Asian Journal of Turfgrass Science
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.295-301
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• 1997

The cycle of heavy metal, copper, was investigated in dynamic grassland ecosystems at a steady state in a Zoysia japonica and a Miscanthus sinensis ecosystem in Mt Kwanak, Korea. Total average storage amounts in Z. japonica and M sinensis grasslands were copper 23.92mg /$m^2$ and 51.82mg /$m^2$ respectively. Estimates of decay constants for based on experimental and mathematical model, were 0.18 in Z. japonica grassland, and 0.30 in M sinensis grassland. Decay half time of copper were 3.85 years in Z. japonica grassland and 2.31 years in A'. sinensis grassland. 95% decay times of initial copper amounts in Z. japonica and A'. sinensis were 16.68 and 9.99 years. Needed times to decay almost all of elements in Z. japonica and M sinensis grassland were 27.80 years and 16.65 years respectively. The copper was losed more rapidly in M. sinensis than in Z. japonica grassland.

• Asian Journal of Turfgrass Science
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.265-273
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• 1995

This investigation is carried out to clarify the cycles of nitrogen in the grassland ecosystems of Zoysia japonica and a Miscanthus sinensis on Mt. Kwanak. The hasic differential equation for the rate of change of nitrogen storage is illustrated hy huild-up and turnover of organic nitrogen, particularly in the ecosystems. The turnover velocity fractions of nitrogen for the Z. japonica and M .sinensis grasslands were k= 0. 181 and k=0. 166, respectively. The times required to reach 50, 95 and 99 percent of the steady state levels and turnover values of nitrogen on the grassland floors were 3.85, 16.67 and 27.78 years in the Z japonica grassland and 4.08, 17.65 and 29.41 years in the M sinensis grassland. The amount of annual cycles of nitrogen are 560.2 g /$m^2$ in the Z.japonica grassland and 654.1 g /$m^2$ in the M. sinensis grassland. Key words : Zsysia japonica Alisca nthus sinensis, Mt. Kivanak, Nitrogen cycle.

• Asian Journal of Turfgrass Science
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.289-294
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• 1997

The cycles of heavy metals, mercury, lead and cadmium, were investigated on in dynamic grassland ecosystems at a steady state in Zoysia japonica and Miscanthus sinensis in Mt. Kwanak, Korea. Estimates of decay constants of heavy metals based on experimental and methomatical model, were Hg 0.14, Pb 0.17 and Cd 0.41 of Z. japonica grassland, and Hg 0.33, Pb 0.13 and Cd 0.56 of M sinensis grassland. The durations of reaching half of initial amounts in Z. japonica and M. sinensis grassland, were Hg 4.95, Pb 4.07 and Cd 1.69 years, and Hg 2.10, Pb 5.33 and Cd 1.24 years respectively. Times needed for 99% decomposed were longer in Z. japonica than M. sinensis grassland. Decay velocity of constituents of surface soil layers were more rapidly in M. sinensis than Z. japonica grassland. Key words: Cycles of heavy metals, Mercury, Lead, Cadmium, Zoysia japonica. Miscanthus sineusis, Mt. Kwanak, Decay constants.

• Asian Journal of Turfgrass Science
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.285-292
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• 1995

To elucidate the mineral cycles of potassium in a dynamic grassland ecosystem in a steady state condition, this investigation was cunducted along the northwest side on Mt. Kwanak. The exper-imental results may he summarized on communities of Z. japonica and M. sinensis as follows. As compared with some pronerties of the surface soils among two semi-natural grasslands, the levels of exchangeahle potassium were high in M. sinensis and low in Z. japonica. Contents of potassium for the litters of Z. japonica and M. sinensis were 1.69% and 2.51%, re-spectively. The annual production of potassium was 1.32 g /m$m^2$ in the Z. japonica grassland and 3. 08 g /m$m^2$in the M. sinensis grassland. For a case of steady production and release, the ratio of annual min- eral production to the amount accumulated on top of the mineral soil in a steady state provides estimates of the release constant k. The models of the release, accumulation and annual cycle of potassium in a grassland ecosystem are determined by the equation (1) to (3), respectively (Table 3). Since it requires a period of about each 0.693 /r, 3 /r and 5 /r years for the release and accumu-lation of 50, 95 and 99% of its steady-state level, the estimates for potassium in a dynamic grass-land ecosystem of Mt. Kwanak were 1.5, 6.6 and 11.0 years in the Z. japonica grassland, and were 2.7, 11.9 and 19.8 years in the M. sinensis grassland. The amounts of annual cycles for potassium in a grassland ecosystem under the steady-state conditions were 1.32 g /m$^2$ in the Z. japonica grassland and 3.08 g /$m^2$ in the M. sinensis grassland. Key words : ZQvsia japonica Ahscanthus sinensis, Mt. Kwanak, Potassium cycles.

• Journal of Plant Biology
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• v.37 no.1
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• pp.1-8
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• 1994

The effects of fetilization on the structure and function of an early successional Miscanthus sinensis grassland were investigated in an old-field ecosystem at Honjo city, Saitama Prefecture, Japan from 1981 to 1982. Compared to control plot, life form composition of treatment plot was characterized by a decrease of phanerophytes and an increase of hemicryptophytes. Fertilization had a beneficial effect on the growth in aboveground phytomass of M. sinensis, the dominant species. However, it did not cause a change in the total number of stems of M. sinensis. Annual increment of patch diameter of M. sinensis was estimated to be 6-8 cm on an average and there was no significant differecne in the growth rate of patch size between fertilized and nonfertilized plots. To estimate the aboveground phytomass of M. sinensis, several non-destructive parameters were examined. As a result, the patch size showed a high correlation with aboveground phytomass. Thus the patch size was suggested to be most applicable to its estimation. Diversity indices based on phytomass data of component species were increased slightly by fertilizatin, because relative dominance of some other species, especially of Artemisia princeps increased, while that of M. sinensis decreased. Fertilizer application resulted in a decrease in the total number of species.

• Asian Journal of Turfgrass Science
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.275-284
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• 1995

In this investigation, the accumulation mineralization and annual cycle of organic P has been studied in grassland ecosysterns of a Z japonica grassland and a M sinensis grassland on Mt. Kwanak. The basic models of the accumulation and mineralization for ash components of a grass-litter have been presented as the equations (1), (2), and (3). The equations (7)~(10) for organic P are derived from these basic concepts. There was a highty significant relationship between organic matter and organic P. The estimates between organic matter and organic P correlated very high significance. The parameter factors k or k' of mineralization of organic P for the Z. japonica and M sinensis asslands were k=0.412 or k'=0.292 and k=0.224 or k'=0.183, respectively. The time required for a cycle to be completed from organic P to inorganic P of 50, 95 and 99 % are 3.9, 16.7 and 27.8 years in the Z. japonica grassland and 4.1, 17.7 and 29.4 years in the M sinensis grassland. The annual P cycle formulae for mineralization were based on the equations (5), (11) and (12). Annual yields of mineralization for organic P in the steady state grasslands of Z. japonica and M sinensis were 0.407 and 0.504g /$m^2$, respectively.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.18 no.6
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• pp.621-632
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• 2009

Rare earth contents(REE) were analysed for the plants, M. sinensis. A. vulgaris and R. crataegitolius, from two different soils serpentine area consisting of serpentinite(SP) and non-serpentine area, containing amphibole schist(AS) of Gapyeong area, and were compared with soils and host rocks. The AS were high with the differences of several times in the top soils, and with the differences of several to ten times in the host rocks relative to the SP. In the same area, the SP were high in the soil, but the rocks for the AS. In the plants, the A. vulgaris were high, but low in the R. crataegitolius. Root parts were higher than the upper parts. Differences between the upper and root parts were big in the SP rather than the AS, and were big in the R. crataegitolius, but small in the M. sinensis. Among the parts of the plants, high elements were shown in the R. crataegitolius of the SP, and the A. vulgaris and M. sinensis of the AS. In the correlation coefficients, most of the REE showed positive relationships among the element pairs, especially high positive correlation coefficients in the upper parts of the SP.Differences of the soils and plants(average) were smalle in the M. sinensis and big in the R. crataegitolius. In the upper parts. contents of the A. vulgaris were close to the soils while the R. crataegitolius showed large discrepancies with the soils. In the root parts, contents of the A. vulgaris showed discrepancies with the soils regardless of soil types, but close in the R. crataegitolius of the SP and M. sinensis of the AS.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• v.44 no.2
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• pp.218-230
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• 2016

The effect of steam explosion coupled with alkali (1% sodium hydroxide, 1% potassium hydroxide and 15% sodium carbonate) or organosolv solvent (85% methanol, 70% ethanol and dioxane) on the production of sugar, changes in the chemical composition of M. sinensis were evaluated. The steam explosion coupled with 1% potassium hydroxide and dioxane were better as compared with other treatments based on the removals of acid insoluble lignin, and about 89.0% and 85.4%. Enzymatic hydrolysis of steam explosion with 1% potassium hydroxide and dioxane treated M. sinensis, gave a 98.0% and 96.5% of glucose conversion, respectively. These results suggested that pretreatment of M. sinensis with either potassium hydroxide or dioxane could be a promising pretreatment method for glucose production.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.71-81
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• 2016

This text was experimented and investigated the optimum production time and germination characteristics of seed that collect in Korean Chungnam, in order to offer the basic informations for slope restoration and revegetation using Poaceae plant. Optimum time of seed production was mid-late October of Miscanthus sinensis, Pennisetum alopecuroides, early November to late October of Themeda triandra var. japonica and M. sacchariflorus, and mid November of Phragmites communis. Epiphytic amount of seed full ripe was the most times in mid October of M. sinensis, P. alopecuroides and M. sacchariflorus, early November of T. triandra var. japonica, and mid November of P. communis. Seed rate of maturity was the highest times in early November of M. sinensis, P. alopecuroides and M. sacchariflorus, and mid November of T. triandra var. japonica and P. communis. Germination rate by seed collection time was the highest times in early October of M. sacchariflorus, mid October of T. triandra var. japonica, early November of M. sinensis and mid November of P. communis. Germination days by seed production time was the shortest times in early November of M. sinensis and M. sacchariflorus, mid November of T. triandra var. japonica and P. communis. Optimum temperature of germination was $20{\sim}25^{\circ}C$ in M. sinensis and P. alopecuroides, $25^{\circ}C$ in T. triandra var. japonica, and $25{\sim}30^{\circ}C$ in P. communis.