• 한국잡초학회지
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• 제10권4호
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• pp.285-293
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• 1990

제초제(除草劑)에 내성(耐性) 또는 저항성(抵抗性)을 지닌 수도(水稻) 카루스를 선발(選拔)하기 위하여 유묘기(幼苗期)에 제초제(除草劑)에 반응(反應)을 달리하는 품종(品種)을 대상으로 카루스의 생장(生長) 반응(反應)을 조사(調査)한 결과(結果)는 다음과 같다. 카루스 유도시(誘導時)에 thiobencarb에 감수성(感受性)을 보였던 IR28의 카루스 생장(生長)은 thiobencarb $10^{-5}$ M 및 $10^{-6}$ M에서도 억제(抑制) 되지 않아 특정(特定) 제초제(除草劑)에 대한 수도(水稻) 품종(品種)의 반응(反應)은 카루스의 유도기(誘導期) 및 생장기(生長期), 성식물체(成植物體)에 따라 차이(差異)가 있음을 나타내었다. Butachlor에 대한 IR31917-45-3-2-2의 반응(反應)도 IR28과 유사(類似)한 결과(結果)를 보였다. Thiobencarb에 내성(耐性)을 지닌 카루스를 선발(選拔)키 위하여 IR28의 카루스를 thiobencarb $10^{-6}$ M에 30일간(日間) 처리(處理)한 후(後) 고농도(高濃度)인 $10^{-5}$ M에 옮겨 치상(置床)시킨 결과(結果) 카루스의 생체중(生體重)은 전혀 억제(抑制) 되지 않아서 제초제(除草劑) 내성세포(耐性細胞)를 선발(選拔)키 위해서는 제초제(除草劑)의 농도(濃度)를 점진적(漸進的)으로 높이는 것이 유용(有用)한 선발방법(選拔方法)이 될 것으로 사료(思料)된다.

• 식물조직배양학회지
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• 제27권6호
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• pp.475-478
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• 2000

상추에 particle bombardment를 이용한 배추 Glutathione Reductase (GR)유전자의 형질전환효율 향상 및 형질전환체의 유전분석에 관한 실험을 수행하여 얻은 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. Particle bombardment 이용시 사출 전 4시간, 사출 후 16시간 동안 삼투조절제인 0.6M serbitolfmannitol 을 처리하여 형질전환시킨 상추 자엽조직에서 GUS 반응 spot이 가장 많았다. 0.3, 0.6, 1.5 kbp로 나타나는 3가지 종류의 primer를 사용하여 PCR한 결과 각각의 primer에 homology를 타나내는 band를 확인하여 355 promoter와 BcGRl유전자가 삽입이 된 것을 확인하였다. 형질전환된 상추의 자식 종자를 채종하여 kanamycin 200mg/L이 첨가된 MS배지에 파종하여 형질전환시키지 않은 상추의 자식 종자와 비교해 본 결과, 형질전환된 상추의 종자에서 발아된 유묘의 약 70%정도가 kanamycin에 대해 내성을 나타내었다.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• 제32권4호
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• pp.357-362
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• 2016

ALD1 (ABERRANT GROWTH AND DEATH2 [AGD2]-LIKE DEFENSE1) is one of the key defense regulators in Arabidopsis thaliana and Nicotiana benthamiana. In these model plants, ALD1 is responsible for triggering basal defense response and systemic resistance against bacterial infection. As well ALD1 is involved in the production of pipecolic acid and an unidentified compound(s) for systemic resistance and priming syndrome, respectively. These previous studies proposed that ALD1 is a potential candidate for developing genetically modified (GM) plants that may be resistant to pathogen infection. Here we introduce a role of ALD1-LIKE gene of Oryza sativa, named as OsALD1, during plant immunity. OsALD1 mRNA was strongly transcribed in the infected leaves of rice plants by Magnaporthe oryzae, the rice blast fungus. OsALD1 proteins predominantly localized at the chloroplast in the plant cells. GM rice plants over-expressing OsALD1 were resistant to the fungal infection. The stable expression of OsALD1 also triggered strong mRNA expression of PATHOGENESIS-RELATED PROTEIN1 genes in the leaves of rice plants during infection. Taken together, we conclude that OsALD1 plays a role in disease resistance response of rice against the infection with rice blast fungus.

• 유기물자원화
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• 제9권3호
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• pp.88-92
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• 2001

돈분발효퇴비(P)와 혼합유박비료(B, F), 부산물퇴비(D) 4종의 유기질비료와 토양 미생물제제(M)의 시용 효과를 규명하기 위하여 배추와 상치를 공시작물로 시설하우스에서 재배하면서 생육 및 수량을 조사하였다. 유기질비료의 추천 시비량 처리구에서 수량이 가장 좋았으며, 과량 처리구에서는 비해가 발생하였으나, 미생물제제의 혼용에 의해 현저한 비해 감소 현상을 볼 수 있었다. 또한 같은 비종 및 동일한 시용량 처리구에서도 미생물제제를 혼용하였을 때 생육이 안정되었으며, 수량도 높은 경향을 보였다. 결론적으로 유기질비료의 과량처리는 비해가 발생할 수 있으며, 미생물제제의 시용으로 생육 및 수량이 향상되었다.

• 한국토양비료학회지
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• 제49권5호
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• pp.621-626
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• 2016

The present study evaluated the variations in soil microbial population of controlled horticultural land used for lettuce (Lactuca sativa) cultivation by their fatty acid methyl ester and chemical properties. We utilized four treatment groups, no treatment (NT), culture medium (CM), Bacillus subtilis S37-2 (KACC 91281P) ${\times}10^6CFU\;mL^{-1}$ (BS1), and Bacillus subtilis $S37-2{\times}10^7CFU\;mL^{-1}$ (BS2) and analyzed these variations throughout the before treatment and harvesting stage. The chemical properties such as pH, organic matter, available phosphate, and electrical conductivity in soils before treatment and harvesting stage showed no significant difference among the treatments. Total numbers of bacteria and microbial biomass C in soil treated with BS1 were larger than those of NT, CM, and BS2, whereas total number of fungi at the harvesting stage was significantly lower in the BS1 soil than in the NT and CM soils (P < 0.05). On basis of leaf length, leaf width, leaf number and leaf weight, the growth characteristics lettuce on the soil treated with BS1 and BS2 was faster than those of NT and CM soils. Yield of lettuce with treated BS1 and BS2 were 35% and 29% more than that of NT, respectively.

• Plant Biotechnology Reports
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• 제2권1호
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• pp.41-46
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• 2008

Salinity stress is a major limiting factor in cereal productivity. Many studies report improvements in salt tolerance using model plants, such as Arabidopsis thaliana or standard varieties of rice, e.g., the japonica rice cultivar Nipponbare. However, there are few reports on the enhancement of salt tolerance in local rice cultivars. In this work, we used the indica rice (Oryza sativa) cultivar BR5, which is a local cultivar in Bangladesh. To improve salt tolerance in BR5, we introduced the Escherichia coli catalase gene, katE. We integrated the katE gene into BR5 plants using an Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated method. The introduced katE gene was actively expressed in the transgenic BR5 rice plants, and catalase activity in $T_1$ and $T_2$ transgenic rice was approximately 150% higher than in nontransgenic plants. Under NaCl stress conditions, the transgenic rice plants exhibited high tolerance compared with nontransgenic rice plants. $T_2$ transgenic plants survived in a 200 mM NaCl solution for 2 weeks, whereas nontransgenic plants were scorched after 4 days soaking in the same NaCl solution. Our results indicate that the katE gene can confer salt tolerance to BR5 rice plants. Enhancement of salt tolerance in a local rice cultivar, such as BR5, will provide a powerful and useful tool for overcoming food shortage problems.

• 방사선산업학회지
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• 제4권3호
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• pp.209-213
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• 2010

Bacterial blight is one of the most serious diseases of rice (Oryza sativa L.), and it has been known that Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (Xoo) causes this disease symptom. To develop resistance rice cultivars against Xoo, 3,000 lines of $M_3$ mutants, which were irradiated with gamma ray, were tested by 'scissor-dip method' primarily, and 191 putative resistant lines were selected. In $M_4$ generation, these lines were screened again with various ways such as measuring of symptom of bacterial blight in leaf, number of tiller, fresh weight, and phenotypic segregation ratio in next generation. Finally, six resistance lines were selected. RT-PCR analysis revealed that these lines displayed high level of R-genes such as Xa21, Pi36, and Pi-ta. These results indicate that mutations by gamma ray cause disruptions of regulatory signal transduction systems of these R-genes. Furthermore, these selected mutants could be useful for the development of rice cultivar resistant to Xoo.

• 식물조직배양학회지
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.115-120
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• 1995

국내품종인 동진벼와 태백벼의 미숙접합자배 유래 배발생 현탁배양 세포의 초저온 보존 시스템을 개발하였다. 동결/해동 후 캘러스 재생률은 동진벼의 경우 2 M DMSO와 0.4 M sucrose를 태백벼의 경우 0.64 M DMSO와 0.4 M sucrose를 혼용처리하였을 때 캘러스 재생률이 각가 88%와 90%로 가장 높았다. 또한 고농도의 삼투용액에서 배양세포 의 전처리 과정은 필요하지 않았다. 재생된 캘러스를 1 mg/L NAA와 5 mg/L kinetin이 첨가 된 $N_{6 }$, 배지로 이식하여 명배양하였을 때 체세포배발생을 통하여 다수의 유식물체가 발달하였다. 약 100여개의 식물체가 재분화되었으며, 이중 25%는 albino이었다.다.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제25권8호
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• pp.925-931
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• 2015

미립 품질 향상을 위하여 미립 형태를 결정하는 특성을 위한 분자육종기술을 확립하기 위하여 미립과 관련된 양적형질 유전자좌를 탐색하고, 이들 환경요인과 상호작용 효과를 분석한 결과는 다음과 같다. 인디카 품종인 ‘청청’과 자포니카형인 ‘낙동’이 교배된 조합 F₁의 약배양에 의해 양성된 120 계통(DH 집단)과 217개의 DNA 마커를 이용하여 전체 길이가 2,067cM이고, 마커간 평균거리가 9.5cM인 유전자 지도를 작성하였다. 미립형태 관련 유전자좌 분석에서 미립의 외형인 길이, 폭, 두께, 장폭비, 천립중과 관련하여 14개의 QTL이 탐색되었다. 현미의 미립길이 관련 3개의 QTL (qGL2, qGL5, qGL7), 미립 폭 관련 3개의 QTL (qGW2-1, qGW2-2, qGW2-3), 미립 두께 관련 1개의 QTL (qGT2), 장폭비 관련 6개의 QTL (qLWR2-1, qLWR2-2, qLWR2-3, qLWR2-4, qLWR7, qLWR12) 및 천립중 관련 1개의 QTL (qTGW8)이 선발되었다. 미립 장폭비 관련 4개의 QTL은 미립길이와 미립두께에서 동일한 염색체 상에서 확인되었다. 본 연구에서 구명된 QTL 마커들은 쌀 품종개량을 위하여 이용될 수 있을 것이라 판단된다.

• 한국잡초학회지
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• 제30권2호
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• pp.68-83
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• 2010

Weedy rice (Oryza sativa L.) occurred sympatrically with other weeds and the rice crop in Malaysian rice granaries. We conducted field surveys in 2006-2008 seasons in 7 farm blocks of Selangor's North West Project, Malaysia to enlist the new biotypes of weedy rice (NBWR) and assess their spatio-temporal pattern of distribution based on quantitative and dispersion indices. No less than 16 accessions of NBWR were identified based on their special traits, viz. panicle type, pericarp colour, presence or absence of awn, seed type and degree of grain shattering. The NBWR accessions exhibited a combination of morphological traits from open panicle, grain with awns, red pericarp, short grain type, and degrees of grain shattering. Others mimic commercial rices with close panicle, awnless grains, white pericarp, long or short grain-type. Invariably, the NBWRs mimic and stand as tall as cultivated rice namely MR219, MR220, or MR235 and these NBWR accessions stand among equals morphologically vis-a-vis the commercial rice varieties. Most accessions displayed varying degrees of grain shattering in excess of 50%, except Acc9 and Acc12. The seasonal dynamics of on the prevalence of dominant NBWR accessions were also displaying significant differences among farm blocks. While Bagan Terap farm block, for example, did not record any measurable changes in the dominant NBWR accessions over seasons, the Sungai Leman farm block recorded measurable season-mediated changes in the dominant NBWR accessions. Sungai Leman started with NBWR Acc3, Acc4, Acc5, Acc7, Acc8, and Acc12 in season 1 of 2006/2007, but no measurable records of Acc3 and Acc5 were shown in season 2 of 2007. In season 3 of 2007/2008, only Acc8 and Acc12 prevailed in the farm block. In Sawah Sempadan farm block, season 3 of 2007/2008 showed much reduced prevalence of NBWRs leaving only Acc8 and Acc12. Most accessions registered clump or under-dispersed spatial distribution pattern based on quantitative indices: variance-to-mean ratio (VMR) and Lloyd's patchiness values. The dynamics on the extent of infestation and prevalence of dominant NBWR accessions registered both season- and farm-block mediated differences. Most accessions showed VMR >1 thus indicative of having a clump or clustered spatial distribution, as exemplified by Acc3, Acc4, Acc7, Acc8 and Acc12 in all farm blocks throughout three seasons. Some accessions have either random or uniform distribution in a few farm blocks. The Acc8 has the highest population counts based on important value index, followed by Acc12, and both were the most dominant accession while Sawah Sempadan was the worst farm block infested by NBWR compared to other farm blocks. These results were discussed in relation with the current agronomic and weed management practices, water availability and extension services in the granary.