• The Bulletin of The Korean Astronomical Society
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• v.43 no.1
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• pp.39.2-39.2
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• 2018

GW170817/GRB170817A establishes a double neutron star merger as the progenitor of a short gamma-ray burst, starting 1.7 s post-coalescence. GRB170817A represents prompt or continuous emission from a newly formed hyper-massive neutron star or black hole. We report on a deep search for broadband extended gravitational-wave emission in spectrograms up to 700 Hz of LIGO O2 data covering this event produced by butterfly filtering comprising a bank of templates of 0.5 s. A detailed discussion is given of signal-to-noise ratios in image analysis of spectrograms and confidence levels of candidate features. This new pipeline is realized by heterogeneous computing with modern graphics processor units (GPUs). (Based on van Putten, M.H.PM., 2017, PTEP, 093F01.)

• Applied Microscopy
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.89-97
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• 1985

The ultrastructure of the trachea of the compound eye in adult cabbage butterfly, Pieris rapae L., was studied. Trachea under the basement membrane is divided into tracheoles of the ommatidia which blanched 4 tracheoles during 2 divisions. Tracheoles of the ommatidia originated from one tracheolar cell and its nuclear is located under the basement membrane and its cytoplasm enveloped the retinular cell and the retinular pigment cell. The modified structure of tracheoles is located at the first division area of the ommatidia and its size is $8{\mu}mX4.5{\mu}m$. And the length of its taenidium is $0.1{\sim}0.6{\mu}m$, diameter $0.15{\mu}m$, and interval $0.3{\mu}m$.

• 한국태양에너지학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2009.04a
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• pp.72-76
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• 2009

A peak cooling and heating load($kW/m^2$) and annual energy($kWh/m^2{\cdot}yr$) have been simulated for a special greenhouse located near Seoul. The special facility was designed for living plant and butterfly with many visitors. The design conditions for the facility have been discussed with the designer and simulated with the weather and building conditions. The load and energy simulation was done by TRNSYS 15 based on IPMVP 4.4.2.'s simulation requirement. The results have been shown in terms of area($kW/m^2$) and volume load and energy index($kWh/m^2{\cdot}yr$). Considering the higher height of the facility, The results came out reasonably comparing the index of a typical commercial building signed as $462kWh/m^2{\cdot}yr$.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Telematics and Electronics
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.108-115
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• 1990

This paper describes the design and fabrication of a processing element that will be used as a component in the construction of a two dimensional systolic for FFT. The chip performs data shuffling and radix-2 decimation-in-time (DIT) butterfly arithmetic. It consists of a data routing unit, internal control logic and HBA unit which computes butterfly arithmetic. The 6.5K transistors processing element designed with standard cells has been fabricated with a 2u'm double metal CMOS process, and evaluated by wafer probing measurements. The measured characteristics show that a HBA can be computed in 0.5 usec with a 20MHz clok, and it is estimated that the FFT of length 1024 can be transformed in 11.2 usec.

• JSTS:Journal of Semiconductor Technology and Science
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.203-211
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• 2012

This paper proposes a $16{\times}16$ and $32{\times}32$ inverse transform architecture for HEVC (High Efficiency Video Coding). HEVC large transform of $16{\times}16$ and $32{\times}32$ suffers from huge computational complexity. To resolve this problem, we proposed a new large inverse transform architecture based on hardware reuse. The processing element is optimized by exploiting fully recursive and regular butterfly structure. To achieve low area, the processing element is implemented by shifters and adders without multiplier. Implementation of the proposed 2-D inverse transform architecture in 0.18 ${\mu}m$ technology shows about 300 MHz frequency and 287 Kgates area, which can process 4K ($3840{\times}2160$)@ 30 fps image.

• Journal of the Korean Data and Information Science Society
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• v.28 no.5
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• pp.1191-1204
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• 2017

Weighted least squares (WLS) estimation is often easily used for the data with heteroscedastic errors because it is intuitive and computationally inexpensive. However, WLS estimator is less robust to a few outliers and sometimes it may be inefficient. In order to overcome robustness problems, Box-Cox transformation, Huber's M estimation, bisquare estimation, and Yohai's MM estimation have been proposed. Also, more efficient estimations than WLS have been suggested such as Bayesian methods (Cepeda and Achcar, 2009) and semiparametric methods (Kim and Ma, 2012) in heteroscedastic error models. Recently, Çelik (2015) proposed the weight methods applicable to the heteroscedasticity patterns including butterfly-distributed residuals and megaphone-shaped residuals. In this paper, we review heteroscedastic regression estimators related to robust or efficient estimation and describe their properties. Also, we analyze cost data of U.S. Electricity Producers in 1955 using the methods discussed in the paper.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Telematics and Electronics A
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• v.32A no.1
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• pp.234-243
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• 1995

An arry circuit is designed for parallel computation of vector-radix 2-D discrete cosine transform (VR-FCT) which is a fast algorithm of DCT. By using a 2-D array of processing elements (PEs), the butterfly structure of the VR-FCT can be efficiently implemented with high condurrency and local communication geometry. The proposed implementation features architectural medularity, regularity and locality, so that it is very suitable for VLSI realization. Also, no transposition memory is required. The array core for (8$\times$8) 2-D DCT, which is designed usign ISRC 1.5.mu.m N-Well CMOS technology, consists of 64 PEs arranged in (8$\times$8) 2-D array and contains about 98,000 transistors on an area of 138mm$^{2}$. From simulation results, it is estimated that (8$\times$8) 2-D DCT can be computed in about 0.88 .mu.sec at 50 MHz clock frequency, resulting in the throughput rate of about 72${\times}10^[6}$ pixels per second.

• The Korean Journal of Zoology
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.167-176
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• 1987

배추흰나비의 전용기 혈림프에서 $\beta$-N-Acetylglucosaminidase를 DEAE-cellulose ion exchange 및 Sephadex G-200 column chromatography 법을 이용하여 정제하였다. 정제된 효소는 7% acrylamide gel 전기영동에서 단일 band를 나타내었으며, 당을 함유한 복합단백질이었다. 최적 pH는 5.0, 최적반응온도는 6$0^{\circ}C$이었으며, 각 온도에서 10분간 incubation한 열안정성에 있어서는 6$0^{\circ}C$까지 비교적 높은 활성을 나타내었지만 7$0^{\circ}C$ 이후에는 거의 활성을 나타내지 않았다. 또한 Hg$^2$+ 처리는 심한 효소활성의 저해 현상을 보였지만, Mn$^2$+, $Mg^2$+ 등은 활성의 증가를 나타내었으며, Km 값은 6.67$\times$10-$^3$M, pl 값은 5.8, 분자량은 4.1$\times$105 daltons 이었다.

• Journal of the Korean Magnetic Resonance Society
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.54-60
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• 2015

Papiliocin, from the swallowtail butterfly, Papilio xuthus, shows high bacterial cell selectivity against Gram-negative bacteria. Recently, we designed a 22mer analog with N-terminal helix from $Lys^3$ to $Ala^{22}$, PapN. It shows outstanding antimicrobial activity against Gram-negative bacteria with low toxicity against mammalian cells. In this study, we determined the 3-D structure of PapN in 300 mM DPC micelle using NMR spectroscopy and investigated the interactions between PapN and DPC micelles. The results showed that PapN has an amphipathic ${\alpha}$-helical structure from $Lys^3$ to $Lys^{21}$. STD-NMR and DOSY experiment showed that this helix is important in binding to the bacterial cell membrane. Furthermore, we tested antibacterial activities of PapN in the presence of salt for therapeutic application. PapN was calcium- and magnesium-resistant in a physiological condition, especially against Gram-negative bacteria, implying that it can be a potent candidate as peptide antibiotics.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• v.14 no.5
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• pp.1886-1908
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• 2020

With the technical advances, the amount of big data is increasing day-by-day such that the traditional software tools face a burden in handling them. Additionally, the presence of the imbalance data in big data is a massive concern to the research industry. In order to assure the effective management of big data and to deal with the imbalanced data, this paper proposes a new indexing algorithm for retrieving big data in the MapReduce framework. In mappers, the data clustering is done based on the Sparse Fuzzy-c-means (Sparse FCM) algorithm. The reducer combines the clusters generated by the mapper and again performs data clustering with the Sparse FCM algorithm. The two-level query matching is performed for determining the requested data. The first level query matching is performed for determining the cluster, and the second level query matching is done for accessing the requested data. The ranking of data is performed using the proposed Monarch chaotic whale optimization algorithm (M-CWOA), which is designed by combining Monarch butterfly optimization (MBO) [22] and chaotic whale optimization algorithm (CWOA) [21]. Here, the Parametric Enabled-Similarity Measure (PESM) is adapted for matching the similarities between two datasets. The proposed M-CWOA outperformed other methods with maximal precision of 0.9237, recall of 0.9371, F1-score of 0.9223, respectively.