• Proceedings of the SAREK Conference
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• 2008.06a
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• pp.237-242
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• 2008

DSM(Demand Side Management) is reducing the load of energy supply utility through energy conservation and energy load distribution. This kind of program is necessary especially to our country which import above 97% of energy source. But the effectiveness of this kind program is not verified well even though our country is executing the various DSM programs. This study suggests M&V(Monitoring & Verification) guideline for DSM programs which are executing in Korea and shows the results which applied to verification of DSM programs.

• Imaging Science in Dentistry
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• v.40 no.1
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• pp.15-23
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• 2010

Purpose : This study was designed to compare the effective doses from low-dose and standard-dose multi-detector CT (MDCT) scanning protocols and evaluate the image quality and the spatial resolution of the low-dose MDCT protocols for clinical use. Materials and Methods : 6-channel MDCT scanner (Siemens Medical System, Forschheim, Germany), was used for this study. Protocol of the standard-dose MDCT for the orthodontic analysis was 130 kV, 35 mAs, 1.25 mm slice width, 0.8 pitch. Those of the low-dose MDCT for orthodontic analysis and orthodontic surgery were 110 kV, 30 mAs, 1.25 mm slice width, 0.85 pitch and 110 kV, 45 mAs, 2.5 mm slice width, 0.85 pitch. Thermoluminescent dosimeters (TLDs) were placed at 31 sites throughout the levels of adult female ART head and neck phantom. Effective doses were calculated according to ICRP 1990 and 2007 recommendations. A formalin-fixed cadaver and AAPM CT performance phantom were scanned for the evaluation of subjective image quality and spatial resolution. Results : Effective doses in ${\mu}Sv$ ($E_{2007}$) were 699.1, 429.4 and 603.1 for standard-dose CT of orthodontic treatment, low-dose CT of orthodontic analysis, and low-dose CT of orthodontic surgery, respectively. The image quality from the low-dose protocol were not worse than those from the standard-dose protocol. The spatial resolutions of both standard-dose and low-dose CT images were acceptable. Conclusion : From the above results, it can be concluded that the low-dose MDCT protocol is preferable in obtaining CT images for orthodontic analysis and orthodontic surgery.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea TC
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• v.38 no.8
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• pp.30-41
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• 2001

In this paper, the architecture of Dynamic GSMP V3(General Switch Management Protocol Version 3), an open interface protocol with resource management functions for efficient IP service on ATM over MPLS, is proposed and implemented in hardware. And we compare and analyze the proposed GSMP with the GSMP under standardization process in terms of CLR (Cell Loss Rate). We design the Slave block of the Dynamic GSMP V3 using SAM-SUNG SoG $0.5{\mu}m$ process, which performs functions for switch connection control in the ATM Switch. In order to compare difference performanaces between the proposed method and the conventional one, we conducts simulations using the minimum buffer search algorithm with random cell generation. The exponential results show that the proposed method leads to performance enhancement in CLR.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.17 no.5
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• pp.617-620
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• 2004

The present study compares development of rabbit embryos generated using different oocyte activation protocols and reconstructed with embryonic or cumulus cells as nuclear donor. In vivo matured oocytes were collected from New Zealand White rabbits at 16 h after ovulation treatment and were activated at18 h of post-ovulation treatment. The following schemes of oocytes activation were tested: 1) single electric pulse (EP, 3.2 kV/cm, 3${\times}$20 $\mu$s, 0.3 M mannitol)+5 min culture in the presence of 5 mM Ionomycin, 2) single electric pulse (EP, 3.2 kV/cm, (${\times}$20 $\mu$s, 0.3 M mannitol)+1 h culture in the presence of 2 mM 6-DMAP, and 3) three electric pulses 30 min apart. Cleavage rate, percentage of expanded and hatched blastocysts as well as total cell number of blastomeres of parthenogenetic embryos were significantly higher using either EP+6-DMAP or 3${\times}$EP schemes, comparing with EP+Ionomycin. Development rate up to hatched blastocyst stage of cloned rabbit embryos using the EP+6-DMAP for activation of nuclei were 19% for embryonic cell nuclei and 36% for cumulus cell nuclei. The best activation protocol optimalized in this study was the combined treatment "P+6-DMAP" which may be potentially used for nuclear transfer protocol.

• The Journal of The Korea Institute of Intelligent Transport Systems
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• v.16 no.6
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• pp.208-218
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• 2017

This study aims to develop the Vehicle Local Dynamic Map (V-LDM) and demonstrate its performance for providing dynamic map data efficiently to the vehicle control module. Firstly, the concept of the in-vehicle LDM has been established and then the system has been carefully designed according to the international standards. The high-precision digital map embedded in LDM has been designed to incorporate the lane-level information of road network, and the Dynamic Map protocol (DM protocol) which is a message protocol including the road data with dynamic traffic event data has been defined. The performance test of the proposed system has been conducted in the uninterrupted road section of Kyungbu expressway, showing that both of the data size and the elapsed time to finish the process are almost linearly proportional to the length of target road. Finally, it is recommended that the length of target road for DM protocol be less than 250m.

• Fire Science and Engineering
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• v.23 no.6
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• pp.75-81
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• 2009

In this paper, USN of wireless communication with easy to install and effectiveness with variety information gathering has been proposed as a alternative of wired-based line for transmission of fire sensing data. But, The sensor node using USN should be considered for wireless transmission range and reliability of information. In this study, the zigbee protocol sensor node was implemented and then tested transmission range of sensor node as 10m interval using voltage information of DC 3V & 5V. Here, maximum transmission distance was confirmed 90m inside-outside. When used mesh routing relay node, distance was not limited. In USN network building, when fire sensing data transmitted, the sensing data same between direct sensing data from sensor and collecting data at USN. Therefore, was confirmed reliability for transmission range and information of proposed zigbee sensor node.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Radiology
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• v.17 no.7
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• pp.1025-1031
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• 2023

We aimed to evaluate the radiation dose and image quality by changing the Scout view voltage in low-dose chest CT (LDCT) and applying scan parameters such as AEC (auto exposure control) and ASIR (adaptive statistical iterative reconstruction) to find the optimal protocol. Scout view voltage was varied at 80, 100, 120, 140 kV and after measuring the dose 5 times using the existing low-dose chest CT protocol, the appropriate kV was selected for the study using the Dose report provided by the equipment. After taking a basic LDCT shot at 120 kV, 30 mAs, ASIR 50% was applied to this condition. Signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR) were assessed by measuring Background noise (B/N). For dose comparison, CTDI_vol and DLP provided by the equipment were compared and analyzed using the formulas. The results indicated that the protocol of scout 140 + LDCT + ASIR 50 + AEC reduced radiation exposure and improved image quality compared to traditional LDCT, providing an optimal protocol. As demonstrated in the experiment, LDCT screenings for asymptomatic normal individuals are crucial, as they involve concerns over excessive radiation exposure per examination. Therefore, applying appropriate parameters is important, and it is expected to contribute positively to the public health in future LDCT based health screenings.

• Proceedings of the Korea Information Processing Society Conference
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• 2011.11a
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• pp.917-920
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• 2011

VANET은 V2V, V2I 통신을 통해 다양한 서비스를 제공하며, 차량은 여러 가지 서비스를 제공받아 안전하고 효율적인 운행을 할 수 있다. 다양한 서비스를 제공하고 이용하기 위해 안전하고 신뢰성 있는 V2V, V2I 통신이 보장되어야 하며, 이를 위해 많은 연구들이 진행되었다. 기존의 대부분의 연구들은 공개키 기반 암호시스템을 이용하였다. 하지만 VANET의 DSRC 프로토콜에 의하면 한 차량에서 짧은 순간에 매우 많은 메시지를 확인해야 하며, 따라서 매우 큰 연산량이 발생하게 된다. 또한 DSRC를 사용할 경우 서버와의 통신을 항상 보장할 수 없다. 본 논문에서는 이를 해결하기 위해 다른 통신 메커니즘의 사용을 고려한 대칭키 기반 인증 프로토콜을 제안한다.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.42 no.6
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• pp.900-912
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• 1995

Background: Although graded exercise stress tests are widely used for the evaluation of cardiorespiratory performance, normal standards on respiratory gas exchange and ventilatory functions at maximal exercise in Koreans have not been well established. The purpose of this study is to provide reference values on these by sex and age, along with derivation of some of their prediction equations. Method: Symptom-limited maximal exercise test was carried out by Bruce protocol in 1,000 healthy adults consisting of 603 males and 397 females, aged 20~66 years. Among them VC, $FEV_1$ and MVV were also determined in 885 cases. All the subjects were members of a health center, excluding athletes. During the exercise, subjects were allowed to hold on to front hand rail of the treadmill for safety purpose. Results: The $VO_2\;max/m^2$, $VCO_2\;max/m^2$ and $V_E\;max/m^2$ were greater in males than in females and decreased with age. The RR max in men and women was similar but decreased slightly with age. The $V_T$ max was markedly greater in men but showed no significant changes with age in either gender. The mean of $V_T$ max/VC, $V_E$ max/MVV and BR revealed that there were considerable ventilatory reserves at maximal exercise even in older females. The regression equations of the cardinal parameters obtained using exercise time(ET, min), age(A, yr), height(Ht, cm), weight(W, kg), sex(S, 0=male; 1=female), VC(L), $FEV_1$(L) and $V_E$ max(L) as variables are as follows: $VO_2\;max/m^2$(L/min)=1.449+0.073 ET-0.007A+0.010W-0.006Ht-0.209S, $VCO_2\;max/m^2$(L/min)=1.672+0.063ET-0.008A+0.010W-0.005Ht-0.319S, VE max/$m^2$(L/min)=58.161+1.503ET-0.315A-9.871S or VE max/$m^2$(L/min)=47.873+6.548 $FEV_1$-5.715 S, and VT max(L)=1.497+0.223VC-0.493S. Conclusion: Respiratory gas exchange and ventilatory variables at maximal exercise were studied in 1,000 non-athletes by Bruce protocol. During exercise, the subjects were allowed to hold on to hand rail of the treadmill for safety purpose. We feel that our results would provide ideal target values for patients and healthy individuals to be achieved, since our study subjects were members of a health center whose physical fitness levels were presumably higher than ordinary population.

• The Journal of The Korea Institute of Intelligent Transport Systems
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• v.7 no.5
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• pp.106-121
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• 2008

In this paper, we proposed and designed the protocol for energy efficiency and the center of data aiming at the design of a Multi Location Awareness System that recognizes a shadow site in parking and tunnel, which stands on the basis of CSS(Chirp Spread Spectrum) method using ISM Band of IEEE 802.15.4a that aware close location with wireless RF only. As a result of the protocol measurement, it displays the observation errors of less than 15cm, the data error rate of less than 5%, and can implement the Multi Location Awareness System with maximum length of life for 13.5 days using battery of 3V(1500 mAh).