• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.458-466
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• 1998

Non-odontogenic tumors can be classified as malignant or benign. Most oral tumors in children are benign. In the Belfast series only 7.5 percent of soft tissue tumors were malignant and Bhaskar(l963) found only 9 percent of 293 oral tumors of all kinds to be malignant. Benign tumors may be classified as epithelial and mesenchymal. The most common tumor of surface epithelium is the squamous papilloma. These are easily recognized clinically as cauliflower-like lesions. Fibrous lesions are very common in children's mouths. Many of these are not true neoplasms but are related to fibrous hyperplasia. Another common oral tumor in children is angiomatous tumors. Hemangioma occurred more frequently than lymphangioma. Cystic hygroma, a cystic subtype of lymphangioma, is a developmental tumor of lymphatic origin. It is a considered to be a relatively rare lesion. About 50 percent of cystic hygroma are present at birth, and most of the remaining 50 percent appear in the early years of life during the period of active lymphatic growth. The preferred treatment for these lesions, except for hemangioma, is complete surgical excision. With proper surgical techniques, recurrence is not expected.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.46 no.6
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• pp.879-883
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• 1999

The lymphoid system of the lung represents a complex network of lymphoid tissue and lymphatic vessels. Lymph nodes are normally located in the hila, adjacent to the lobar bronchi and within the lung to the level of the fourth-order bronchi. Clinically apparent intrapulmonary lymph nodes are rare. Although of intrapulmonary lymph node histogenesis is uncertain, They are probably hyperplastic lymphoid nodules related to inhalation of irritant dusts and attendant distortion of local lymphatic vessels. Intrapulmonary lymph nodes are detected as solitary or multiple pulmonary nodules. These nodules are difficult to differentiate from intrapulmonary metastasis by radiologic finding. We experienced a case of intrapulmonary lymph nodes presenting multiple nodules in a 46 years old man, which was confirmed by thoracoscopic biopsy.

• Korean Journal of Bronchoesophagology
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.81-86
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• 2002

Background and objectives : There may be frequent lymphatic neck metastasis among supraglottic cancer patients after their primary surgery. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of prophylactic neck dissections in supraglottic cancer patients to lower the neck metastasis. Material and method : The authors retrospectively reviewed medical records of 52 patients (7 females. 45 males) who had received the operations for the supraglottic cancer from 1995 to 2000. They were preoperatively examined with Computer Tomographic images, and also examined by the cervical neck palpations. Postoperative pathologic specimens were reviewed and the Pathologic stagings were confirmed by the pathologist. Results : Among 52 patients who received surgery for supraglottic carcinoma, 5 patients received ipsilateral neck dissection, 12 patients received ipsilateral neck dissection with postoperative radiation therapy, 10 Patients received bilateral neck dissection and 25 patients received bilateral neck dissection with postoperative radiation treatment. In comparison of the data of N0 to N+ conversion rate of neck, there were 11 ipsilateral T3 N0 patients and 2 patients(18%) were converted to N+ status, and there were 8 Patients with T4 N0 stages, and 3 patients(38%) were converted to N+ status. In comparing the data of contralateral neck dissection on N0 patient, there were 8 patients of T3 N0 patients, and there was 1 patient (13%) who showed recurrence. There were 5 patients of T4 N0 stages and there was 1(20%) patient with recurrences. When the ipsilateral N stages were N2a, and N2b, there 1 case of contraleral N+ conversions, respectively. In recurrences, there were 2 patients of N2b staged patients and 1 patient of N2c patient that showed recurrence during the follow up period. Conclusion : This data shows that at least an ipsilateral neck dissection is necessary in order to prevent the recurrences, and also suggests that bilateral neck dissection is necessary for the higher T stage. Since the higher N staged patients showed higher rate of recurrence, so that neck dissection is mandatory for the higher N staged patients.

• Journal of Gastric Cancer
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• v.1 no.2
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• pp.113-118
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• 2001

Purpose: The common features of brain metastases from gastric cancer are unknown because brain metastasis is an uncommon pattern of metastasis. The purpose of this study was to investigate the clinical features of and the prognosis for patients with brain metastases after a curative resection for gastric cancer. Materials and Methods: Twenty-one (21) cases of patients with brain metastases of gastric cancer, who had been treated at the Department of Surgery, Yonsei University College of Medicine, were assessed retrospectively. Results: The mean age was $55.8\pm9.6$ years (range: $34\~70$ years), and the male-to-female ratio was 2.5 : .1. The most common neurologic symptom was headache ($38.5\%$), and no patient was free from the neurologic symptoms. The incidence of parenchymal metastasis (PM: $76.2\%$) was higher than that of leptomeningeal metastasis (LM: $19.0\%$). Patients with gastric cancer and brain metastasis showed high rates of blood and lymphatic vessel invasion (lymphatic vessel invasion: $85.7\%$; blood vessel invasion: $80.9\%$). According to Lauren's classification, the incidence of intestinal types was 14/21 ($66.7\%$), that of diffuse types was 3/21 ($14.3\%$) and that of mixed types was 4/21 ($19.0\%$). The mean interval between the gastrectomy and the diagnosis of brain metastasis was $24.7\pm4.0$ months (PM: 26.8 months; LM: 20.3 months). The median period of survival after diagnosis of brain metastasis was 2 months for paren chymal metastasis and 0 months for leptomeningeal metastasis. Conclusion:.. During a follow-up period, patients with neurologic symptoms should be suspected of having brain metastasis. Early diagnosis and treatment is the only hope to prolong survival in such patients.

• Korean Journal of Head & Neck Oncology
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.62-68
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• 1997

The papillary carcinoma is the most common malignant neoplasm of thyroid gland and the prognosis is better than anyother type of thyroid carcinoma. However, the thyroid is closed to the important organs such as esophagus, trachea and larynx, there are some possibilities to invade these organs. In case of advanced disease, not only surrounding structures but also mediastinum and cervical lymphatic chain can be involved or distant metastasis develops frequently. Therefore in these cases the prognosis is worse and the rate of inoperable case is more than those of non-metastatic group. Generally, the treatment modality for papillary thyroid carcinoma consists of surgery, postoperative thyroid hormone and radioiodine therapy. If the tumor invades surrounding structures, cervical lymph node or mediastinum, total thyroidectomy and wide excision of tumor invaded area including mediastinal dissection and neck dissection is necessary. Recently, the authors have experienced a case of locally invasive and recurred papillary thyroid carcinoma without treatment for 7 years. The patient was performed previously thyroid lobectomy and isthmusectomy 13 years ago. We had determinded surgical therapy for this patient and performed mass excision with overlying skin, completion total thyroidectomy, right type I modified radical neck dissection, left lateral neck dissection, thoracotomy with supramediastinal dissection, shaving of diffusely involved trachea and skin defect reconstruction with pectoralis major myocutaneous flap. After operation 2 cycles of radioiodine therapy were taken. Now the patient is following up at the outpatient base and no evidence of disease state for postoperative 16 months. So we report on this case with a brief review of literature.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.294-305
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• 2002

This study was performed to evaluate regenerative effects of intrasplenic stem cell transplantation after partial hepatectomy. To evaluate the regenerative effects, Sprague Dawley rats were used. In vivo the embryonic stem cells of blastocysts were collected from superovulated rats on day 3.5 after the vaginal plug checked. The embryonic stem cells were cocultured with hepatocytes for 8 days, they were transplanted into the spleen. After the intrasplenic transplantation of cultured stem cells, they were initially distributed near the periarterial lymphatic sheath after transplantation in the hematoxylin-eosin staining. Their number were formely increased and their size enlarged at forming small lobules. The embryonic stem cells in the culture proliferated and initially proliferated around the periarterial lymphatic sheath and later they around the trabecula with blood vessels. After the transplantation of stem cells, their cell organelles were well developed rough endoplasmic reticulum at the 20th with prominent epidermal growth factor reaction, developed smooth endoplasmic reticulum at the 30th day, well differentiated bile canaliculi with increased transforming growth factor-$\beta$ and apoptosis reactions.

• Korean Journal of Clinical Oncology
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.89-94
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• 2018

Purpose: To investigate the relationship between MUC expression and clinicopathologic factors in advanced gastric cancer. Methods: A total of 237 tumor specimens were assessed for MUC expression by immunohistochemistry. The clinicopathologic factors were investigated with MUC1, MUC2, MUC5AC, and MUC6. Results: MUC1, MUC2, MUC5AC, and MUC6 expression was identified in 148 of 237 (62.4%), 141 of 237 (59.5%), 186 of 237 (78.5%), and 146 of 237 (61.6%) specimens, respectively. MUC1 expression was correlated with age, human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) status, lymphatic invasion, Lauren classification and histology. Further multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed a significant correlation between MUC1expression and lymphatic invasion, diffuse type of Lauren classification. MUC5AC expression was correlated with HER2 status, Lauren classification and histology. Further multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed a significant correlation between MUC5AC expression and HER2 status, diffuse and mixed type of Lauren classification. MUC2 and MUC6 expression were not correlated with clinicopathologic factors. The patients of MUC1 expression had poorer survival than those without MUC1 expression, but MUC2, MUC5AC or MUC6 were not related to survival. In an additional multivariate analysis that used the Cox proportional hazards model, MUC1 expression was not significantly correlated with patient survival independent of age, N-stage, and venous invasion. Conclusion: When each of these four MUCs expression is evaluated, in light of clinicopathologic factors, MUC1 expression may be considered as a prognostic factor in patients with advanced gastric cancer. Therefore, careful follow-up may be necessary because the prognosis is poor when MUC1 expression is present.

• Journal of Gastric Cancer
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.421-430
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• 2020

Purpose: Currently, there is no clear evidence to support any specific treatment as a principal therapy for stage IV gastric cancer outlet obstruction (GCOO) patients. This study evaluated the outcomes of palliative gastrectomies and survival prognostic factors in patients with stage IV resectable GCOO. Materials and Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of 48 stage IV GCOO patients who underwent palliative gastrectomies between June 2010 and December 2019. Palliative gastrectomies were performed only in patients with resectable disease. Early surgical outcomes and prognostic factors were analyzed using univariate and multivariate analyses. Results: There were no specific risk factors for postoperative complications, except for being underweight. Severe postoperative complications developed in five patients, and most of the patients underwent interventional procedures and received broad-spectrum antibiotics for intra-abdominal abscesses. The multivariate survival analysis showed that palliative chemotherapy is a positive prognostic factor, while the specific type of hematogenous and lymphatic metastasis is a negative prognostic factor. Conclusions: We recommend that the treatment method for stage IV GCOO should be selected according to each patient's physical condition and tumor characteristics. In addition, we suggest that palliative gastrectomies can be performed in stage IV resectable GCOO patients without unfavorable prognostic factors (types of hematogenous and lymphatic metastases).

• Korean Journal of Head & Neck Oncology
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• v.37 no.1
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• pp.47-51
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• 2021

Papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) typically has a good prognosis, but it frequently metastasizes to the regional lymph nodes. Although survival impact of lymph node metastasis is not clear, complementary treatment is generally added after surgery when lymphatic metastasis exists. Several previous studies have reported that the multifocal PTC is associated with poor prognosis and requires selective neck dissection to prevent regional lymph node metastasis, but they are under controversy. In this study, we present a 24-year-old female patient, diagnosed as PTC with intrathyroidal spread and regional lymph node metastases. Intrathyroidal spread of PTC can only be observed microscopically and is believed to have the similar origin of unicentric multifocal PTC. As multifocal PTC is highly associated with regional lymph node metastasis and requires an additional treatment, PTC with intrathyroidal spread may follow a similar clinical course and treatment plan. Here we report the case with a brief literature review and expect its attribution to further academic interest of treatment choice.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.57 no.2
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• pp.136-144
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• 2024

Background: Early non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) that abuts adjacent structures requires careful evaluation due to its potential impact on postoperative outcomes and prognosis. We examined stage I NSCLC with invasion into adjacent structures, focusing on the prognostic implications after curative surgical resection. Methods: We retrospectively analyzed the records of 796 patients who underwent curative surgical resection for pathologic stage IA/IB NSCLC (i.e., visceral pleural invasion only) at a single center from 2008 to 2017. Patients were classified based on tumor abutment and then reclassified by the presence of visceral pleural invasion. Clinical characteristics, pathological features, and survival rates were compared. Results: The study included 181 patients with abutting NSCLC (22.7% of all participants) and 615 with non-abutting tumors (77.3%). Those with tumor abutment exhibited higher rates of non-adenocarcinoma (26.5% vs. 9.9%, p<0.01) and visceral/lymphatic/vascular invasion (30.4%/33.1%/12.7% vs. 8.5%/22.4%/5.7%, respectively; p<0.01) compared to those without abutment. Multivariable analysis identified lymphatic invasion and male sex as risk factors for overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS) in stage I NSCLC measuring 3 cm or smaller. Age, smoking history, vascular invasion, and recurrence emerged as risk factors for OS, whereas the presence of non-pure ground-glass opacity was a risk factor for DFS. Conclusion: NSCLC lesions 3 cm or smaller that abut adjacent structures present higher rates of various risk factors than non-abutting lesions, necessitating evaluation of tumor invasion into adjacent structures and lymph node metastasis. In isolation, however, the presence of tumor abutment without visceral pleural invasion does not constitute a risk factor.