• 분석과학
• /
• 제36권3호
• /
• pp.105-112
• /
• 2023

라이코펜은 카로티노이드의 일종으로 심혈관계 위험인자, 혈중지질, 혈압 등을 낮추는 효과를 가지는 것으로 알려져 있어, 액상 내용물이 충진된 연질캡슐, 고상 내용물이 충진된 경질캡슐을 포함하는 다양한 제형의 라이코펜 건강기능식품이 유통되고 있다. 그러나, 최근 본 연구진은 현 건강기능식품공전 중 라이코펜 시험법의 고상 건강기능식품 적용에 한계가 있음을 확인하였다. 따라서, 본 논문에 비누화 반응 및 액체크로마토그래프에 기반한 신규 고상 건강기능식품 중 라이코펜 시험법의 개발을 보고하는 바이다. 신규 개발 시험법은 식품의약품안전평가원 가이드라인에 의거하여 밸리데이션 되었고, 모든 항목 결과가 가이드라인 기준을 만족함(특이성, 직선성 r²≥0.991, 정량한계 0.0149 mg/mL, 정확도(회수율) 92.70~97.18 %, 반복성(회수율의 상대표준편차) 0.85~1.59 %, 재현성(실험실 간 회수율의 상대표준편차) 3.70 %)을 확인하였다. 또한 인증표준물질을 활용한 적용성 평가에서도 높은 정확도(98.81~101.59 %)가 관찰되어, 신규 시험법의 개발이 성공적이었음을 재확인하였다. 따라서, 신규 개발 시험법은 향후 고상 라이코펜 건강기능식품 관리에 활용되어 국내 건강식품안전관리에 기여할 수 있을 것으로 판단된다.

• 한국가금학회지
• /
• 제38권3호
• /
• pp.239-245
• /
• 2011

산란율이 착색제의 난황 축적률에 미치는 영향을 조사하기 위하여 본 연구에서는 미생물 균주를 통해 합성된 몇 가지 형태의 착색제를 산란계에게 급여한 후 그들의 난황 착색 능력을 비교하였다. 약 70주령의 하이라인 브라운 산란계 37 수를 6개의 처리구로 나누어 다음의 사료를 4주 동안 급여했다. 1) 착색제를 포함하지않은시판사료(CON); 2) 시판사료에 BASF 사가 제조한 canthaxanthin을 4 ppm 첨가(BASF); 3) 사료 중 canthaxanthin이 4 ppm 포함되도록 canthaxanthin 균체를 시판 사료에 첨가(CX); 4) 사료 중 lycopene이 30 ppm 포함되도록 lycopene 균체를 시판 사료에 첨가(LP); 5) canthaxanthin의 합성 균체로부터 정제된 canthaxanthin 이 시판 사료에 4 ppm 첨가(SPCX); 그리고 6) lycopene의 합성 균체로부터 정제된 lycopene이 시판 사료에 30 ppm 첨가(SPLP). BASF Color Fan으로 측정된 난황의 착색도는 BASF > CX > LP 급여구 순이었다. 실험 초기에 산란율은 처리구간 차이가 있었지만 실험의 종반에 80% 정도였고, 특히 BASF와 CX처리구간에 차이는 없었다. 색소의 난황 축적률은 BASF > CX > SPCX > LP > SPLP 순이었고, 착색제의착색효율["BASF Color Fan score"를 "계란 1개에 포함된 색소의 양(${\mu}g$/egg)"으로 나눈 값]은 SPCX > SPLP > CX > BASF > LP 순이었다. SPLP를 제외하고 착색제들은 $25^{\circ}C$에서 4주 동안 비교적 사료 주의 함량이 변하지 않았다. 따라서 본 연구의 결과는 착색제의 난황 축적률은 산란율에 독립적임을 시사한다.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
• /
• 제15권4호
• /
• pp.880-886
• /
• 2005

Using carotenoid genes of Erwinia herbicola, metabolic engineering was carried out for lycopene production with the pAC-LYCO4 plasmid, which was composed of a chromosomal DNA fragment of E. herbicola containing the crtE, crtB, and crtI genes under the control of the tetracycline promoter and the ipi gene of Haematococcus pluvialis with the trc promoter. Plasmid pAC-LYCm4 was constructed for efficient expression of the four exogenous genes using a strong RBS sequence and the same tetracycline promoter. The optimized expression construct of pAC-LYCm4 increased Iycopene production three times as compared with pAC-LYCO4. pAC-LYCm5 containing ispA behind the four exogenous genes was constructed. There was no significant difference in Iycopene production and cell growth between pAC-LYCm4 and pAC-LYCm5. FPP synthase encoded by ispA was not rate-limiting for Iycopene production. Each gene of crtE, crtB, crtI, and ipi was overexpressed, using pBAD-crtE, pBAD-crtIB, and pBAD-ipiHPI, in addition to their expression from pAC-LYCm4. However, there was no increase oflycopene production with the additional overexpression of each exogenous gene. The four exogenous genes appeared to be not rate-limiting in cells harboring pAC-LYCm4. When pDdxs, pBAD24 containing dxs, was introduced into cells harboring lycopene synthetic plasmids, lycopene production of pAC-LYCO4, pAC-LYCm4, and pAC-LYCm5 was increased by 4.7-, 2.2-, and 2.2-fold, respectively. Lycopene production of pBAD-DXm4 containing crtE, crtB, crtI, ipi, and dxs was 5.2 mg/g dry cell weight with $0.2\%$ arabinose, which was 8.7-fold higher than that of the initial strain with pAC-LYC04. Therefore, the present study showed that proper regulation of a metabolically engineered pathway is important for Iycopene production.

• 원예과학기술지
• /
• 제35권1호
• /
• pp.88-97
• /
• 2017

This study explored the physicochemical and nutritional changes associated with storage duration of fresh tomatoes. Fruits of the 'TY Megaton' and 'Yureka' tomato cultivars were harvested at the pink stage and stored at $12^{\circ}C$ for 20 days. During storage, firmness, weight loss, skin color (Hunter L, a, b, a / b values), soluble solids content (SSC), titratable acidity (TA), pH, antioxidant contents (lycopene, ascorbic acid, and total phenolics) and antioxidant activity were evaluated. Firmness was above the minimum marketable limit and fresh weight loss was below maximum acceptable weight loss after 3 weeks of storage, and no deleterious effect on antioxidant contents or activities were observed. Significant differences in SSC, TA, and pH were seen between varieties, but not between fruits stored for different durations. In both varieties, Hunter a values increased more than five-fold after 8 days of storage; this correlated with a more than four-fold accumulation of lycopene after two weeks of storage. The antioxidant activity of tomatoes was highest at the beginning of the storage period, likely because of the effective DPPH - reducing power of ascorbic acid and total phenolics. Antioxidant activity increased after 12 days of storage because of increasing lycopene content. Hence, this study indicates that pink - stage tomatoes may be stored at $12^{\circ}C$ for up to 3 weeks without affecting marketability or nutritional value.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
• /
• 제14권4호
• /
• pp.343-348
• /
• 2009

This study sought to determine changes in self-selected diets in response to a high energy tomato pasta entree. Thirty men, mostly African-American, who were diagnosed with prostate cancer and also scheduled for prostatectomy were enrolled in the study. Dietary intakes were obtained by 24 hr diet recall for 3 days before the intervention and 3 days in week 2 during the intervention. Tomato pasta entrees were formulated to contain 30 mg of lycopene with roughly the same macronutrient composition and averaged 771 kcal/entree. Mean adherence to lycopene dose was 82% and, days when the entree was consumed, the mean adherence to lycopen was 90%. Lycopene intake in their self-selected diet decreased from 5 to 1 mg/day which lowered the exposure to lycopene, planned during the intervention. The men were able to decompensate for most of the added energy to their diet, but there was still a mean increase in total intake of 242 kcal/day (p=0.04), which did not result in weight gain over the short period of the study. There were no significant changes in the percent of energy from protein, fat or carbohydrates, but dietary cholesterol increased from 341 to 472 mg/day (p=0.0002). Mean intakes of vitamins A and C, and folate were not significantly different and were above the EAR. Vitamin E intake decreased, but, because of the variance in intake, the decrease was not statistically significant. Possible deterioration of diet quality should be a consideration when recommending whole food interventions for the prevention of chronic disease or the amelioration of physiological dysfunction.

• 대한지역사회영양학회지
• /
• 제8권6호
• /
• pp.822-830
• /
• 2003

Carotenoid-rich foods focus one's attention on the prevention age-related diseases. This study was conducted to investigate the carotenoid status and look into the factors that affect the bioavailability of carotenoid in 121 elderly nonsmoking Korean women. Carotenoids and lipids in plasma, and nutrient intakes including carotenoid were studied. The mean plasma total-cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol and triacylglycerol concentrations were 220.0 mg/dl 49.5mg/dl , 139.2mg/dl and 157.4mg/dl , respectively. Significantly positive correlations were found between the plasma lutein + zeaxanthin, lycopene and $\beta$-carotene concentrations and the intake of fruits (r=0.17, r=0.20, r=0.19). However, significantly negative correlations were found between the plasma zeaxanthin, and $\beta$-carotene concentrations that adjusted for carotenoid intakes and intakes of vegetables (r=-0.21, r=-0.19), and between plasma lutein＋zeaxanthin, lycopene and $\beta$-carotene concentrations that adjusted for carotenoid intakes and intakes of fruits (r= -0.21, r=-0.18, r=-0.24). After the adjustment for plasma lipids, there was no correlation between the plasma carotenoid concentrations and the carotenoid-rich foods. However, after adjustment for fiber intake, significantly strong positive correlations were found between the plasma carotenoid concentrations and carotenoid-rich foods. The plasma levels of carotenoid biomarkers (plasma carotenoid concentrations adjusted for dietary fiber intakes) decreased with age, and the plasma levels of lycopene biomarkers (plasma lycopene concentrations adjusted for dietary fiber intakes) increased with regular exercise. However alcohol drinking had no impact. These results suggested that age, physical activity, and dietary fiber intake affected the bioavailability of carotenoid. Therefore, when the elderly have carotenoid-rich foods, they should consider ways of increasing the bioavailability of carotenoid through cooking methods and Physical activity.

• 원예과학기술지
• /
• 제35권3호
• /
• pp.361-372
• /
• 2017

토마토(Solanum spp.)는 라이코펜, 플라보노이드, 글루타민산, ${\beta}$-카로틴 등의 풍부한 항산화 물질을 많이 함유하고 있어 건강채소로서 많은 주목을 받고 있다. 또한 토마토는 세계적인 작물로서 재배법 개선과 품종개량 등에서 많은 연구가 이루어 졌으나 국내에서는 수확량에 중점을 둔 재배를 하고 있다. 따라서 우수한 형질의 특성을 가지고 있는 품종이라도 재배지역과 방법에 따라 그 특성이 제대로 나타나지 않는 경우가 많다. 이에 10점의 품종을 이용하여 품종과 환경에 따른 라이코펜의 함량을 조사하였다. 10점의 공시재료들은 2007년부터 2014년도에 이르기 까지 농업회사 법인 현대종묘(주)에서 육성한 토마토 계통 8점과 대조품종으로 Syngenta(Basel, Switzerland)의 Defnis와 University of Florida (Gainsville, FL, USA)에서 개발한 Tasti-Lee를 사용하였다. 라이코펜 함량은 여주지역의 봄에서 여름에 걸친 하우스 재배에서 HTL3137이 $70.48mg{\cdot}kg^{-1}$으로 가장 높았으며 수원지역의 봄에서 여름에 걸친 노지재배에서 HTL10256이 $20.9mg{\cdot}kg^{-1}$으로 가장 낮게 나타났다. 색 구성요소와 라이코펜 함량의 상관관계는 재배 지역별과 유전형에 차이를 보였는데 수원 지역 봄에서 여름 기간의 노지재배에서는 뚜렷한 상관관계를 찾기 힘들었으나, 여주지역의 봄에서 여름기간에 걸친 재배에서는 B의 요인이 라이코펜 함량 상관관계를 보였으며 가을에서 겨울에 걸친 재배 작형에서는 G, Luminosity, $L^*$, Hue의 요소가 토마토 과실의 라이코펜 함량에 영향을 주는 것으로 나타났다. MINQUE를 이용한 유전형, 재배환경 그리고 유전형${\times}$재배환경($genotype{\times}environment$, $G{\times}E$) 상호작용을 분석한 결과 라이코펜 함량을 좌우하는 변수는 유전형이 51.33%로 가장 많은 영향을 미쳤으며 환경변수가 49.13% 그리고 $G{\times}E$가 21.43%로 산출되었으나 AMMI을 이용한 분석에서는 $G{\times}E$가 차지하는 요인이 가장 높았으며 유전형과 환경조건이 각각 그 뒤를 따랐다.

• 한국식품과학회지
• /
• 제53권1호
• /
• pp.63-71
• /
• 2021

In this study, a comparative analysis was carried out between the 'Beta Tiny' and 'TY Nonari' cherry tomato cultivars harvested at the pink and red stages. Samples of the red stage were stored at room temperature for 9 days, during which physicochemical qualities, antioxidant compounds, and activities were measured. As cherry tomato ripening and storage progressed, firmness was reduced, whereas the lycopene content increased. Total phenolic content and antioxidant activity showed no significant changes as ripening and storage progressed; however, total flavonoid content of 'Beta Tiny' showed a significant increase (p<0.05). The main polyphenols in the two cultivars were identified as chlorogenic acid, rutin, and (-)-epigallocatechin gallate, among which chlorogenic acid showed a significant decrease (p<0.05) as ripening and storage progressed. A strong correlation was found between total phenolic and flavonoid content (R=0.744), and ABTS radical scavenging activity (R=0.975). Additionally, a negative correlation was shown by lycopene and chlorogenic acid (R= -0.934).

• 생명과학회지
• /
• 제19권1호
• /
• pp.152-155
• /
• 2009

old-gold-crimson ($og^c$) 과색 돌연변이는 라이코펜의 함량이 증가된 진붉은색 토마토 과실을 생산한다. 이러한 돌연변이는 토마토의 carotenoid 생합성경로에 관여하여 라이코펜을 ${\beta}$-carotene으로 전환시키는 라이코펜 ${\beta}$-cyclase (Crt-b) 유전자(B)에 point mutation을 일으켜 정상적인 효소생성을 저해한다. 높은 함량의 라이코펜을 생성시키는 토마토 품종개발은 유전자 연관 DNA 마커를 이용한 분자표지이용선발(MAS)을 통해 가속화 될 수 있다. $og^c$ 돌연변이는 라이코펜 ${\beta}$-cyclase(Crt-b) 유전자 내 poly-A 서열반복 지점에서 adenine (A) 단일 뉴클레오티드의 결손에 의한 frame-shift mutation에 의해 일어나며, 이러한 대립유전자의 운영과 검증을 위해 $og^c$ 대립유전자로부터 합성되는 PCR 산물에 Hin fI 제한효소 인식부위가 인위적으로 생성되도록 PCR 프라이머에 단일 뉴클레오티드 mismatch 부위를 만들어 dCAPS 마커를 개발하였다. 본 dCAPS 마커는 유전자 유래의 공우성 PCR 마커로서 고함량 라이코펜 토마토개발을 위한 육종 프로그램의 MAS에 효과적으로 사용될 수 있다.