• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• 제42권5호
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• pp.510-515
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• 2014

The anatomical and physical properties of tension wood (TW), opposite wood (OW) and lateral wood (LW) in the branches of Korean paulownia (Paulownia coreana) were compared. The diameter of TW vessels was larger than that of OW and LW vessels. The most distinctive feature of TW fibers was the presence of a gelatinous layer (G-fiber). The cell wall of TW fibers was nearly three times as thick as that of OW and LW. TW differed from OW and LW in density, X-ray diffraction pattern and shear and compressive strengths. The results obtained in this study showed clear differences in the anatomical and physical properties of TW, OW and LW of Paulownia coreana branch woods.

• 전기전자학회논문지
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• 제25권3호
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• pp.412-419
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• 2021

본 논문에서는, 지속적 학습 환경에서 효율적 경로 선택에 의한 LwF방법의 성능향상을 제안한다. 이를 위해 콘볼루션 레이어를 분리하는 방법을 사용하여 기존의 LwF와 성능 및 구조를 비교한다. 비교를 위해 복잡도가 다른 구성을 가진 MNIST, EMNIST, Fashion MNIST, CIFAR10 데이터를 사용하여 성능을 실험하였다. 실험결과, 각 태스크 별 정확도가 최대 20% 향상되었으며, LwF 기반의 지속적 학습 환경에서 치명적 망각 현상이 개선되었다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제21권8호
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• pp.1143-1150
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• 2008

An experiment was conducted in Vietnam to test the hypothesis that supplementation with cassava powder up to 2% of live weight (LW)/d (DM basis) would linearly increase digestible organic matter intake and LW gain of Laisind cattle. There were five treatments: a basal diet of elephant grass fed at 1.25% of LW and rice straw fed ad libitum or this diet supplemented with cassava powder, containing 2% urea, at about 0.3, 0.7, 1.3 or 2.0% LW. The cattle fed cassava powder at about 2.0% LW did not consume all of the supplement, with actual intake similar to the 1.3% LW treatment. Organic matter, digestible organic matter and digestible energy intakes increased (p<0.001) curvilinearly with increased consumption of cassava powder. Rice straw intake declined curvilinearly with increasing intake of cassava powder (p<0.001), and there was a small linear decline (p = 0.01) in grass intake. The substitution rate of cassava powder for forage was between 0.5 and 0.7 kg DM reduction in forage intake per kg DM supplement consumed, with no difference between treatments. Apparent digestibility of organic matter increased (p<0.001) in a curvilinear manner, while digestibility of neutral detergent fibre declined (p<0.001) in a curvilinear manner with increased consumption of cassava powder. Live weight gain increased (p<0.01) linearly with increased consumption of supplement. It was concluded that the amount of cassava powder fed should be limited to between 0.7 and 1.0% LW.

• 한국식생활문화학회지
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.172-180
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• 2003

This study was performed to document the weight loss diet practice and dietary habit related to weight control in child-bearing Korean women. The subjects were 1,434 women aged 17-39 years. The subjects were classified into 3 groups based on BMI: low weight(LW) BMI < 18.5; normal weight(NW), 18.5 BMI 22.9; and overweight(OW), 23.0 BMI. Anthropometric, general characteristics, weight control practice, and the quality of diet were assessed by a questionnaire. LW group had higher rate of smoking and drinking. They also complained more subjective symptom of anemia and used less nutritional supplementation. Weight loss diet had been practiced by about 40% of subjects and the percent was increased with increasing BMI. The reason of weight loss diet were significantly different by BMI groups(p<0.05); LW to keep body in shape, OW for health. Low BMI group had experienced more side effects after weight loss diet(p<0.05). LW group usually used inappropriate method to control weight such as skipping meals and some of OW group reported using drug to lose weight. All subjects have been skipped their meals of 3.9 times per week, especially 4.3 times in LW group. By mini dietary assessment, most of the subjects did not have regular meals. LW group tended to eat what they like and OW group preferred fried food. This study showed that child-bearing aged women make a ceaseless effort apart from their weight, and LW group have a matter of grave concern because of their dietary habit and weight control practice. Additional research should be necessary to assess the relation of health and weight loss diet in young women.

• 한국초지조사료학회지
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• 제7권2호
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• pp.103-108
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• 1987

The experiment was carried out to determine the optimum application rate of liquid waste from methane fermentation (LW) and its effect on botanical composition, dry matter yields and nutrient quality of pasture mixtures. Experimental fields was designed as a randomized block treated with NPK chemical fertilizer (NPK = 28-20-24 kg/lOa), NPK + Water 28 ton, 112 NPK + LW 28 ton, 112 NPK + LW 42 ton, LW 28 ton, LW 42 ton and LW 56 ton/lOa at Livestock Experiment Station in Suweon, 1985. The results obtained are summarized as follows: 1. Vegetation of introduced pastures, both in grasses and legumes, was markedly increased in the plots treated with methane-liquid waste. However, heavy application of liquid waste tended to increase of native weeds such as Polygronum spp., Rumex spp. and Lactuca spp. 2. Crude protein contents was increased in the plants applied with liquid waste, but NFE was decreased compared with those of chemical fertilizer applied. The concentrations of crude fat and crude fibre were, however less affected by the fertilizer resource. Among cell-wall constituents, cellulose content was decreased as the liquid waste application rate increased, while hemicellulose showed a negative association. 3. Productivity of the pasture was increased as the liquid waste application rate increased. The highest dry matter yields was obtained in the plot treated with LW 42 ton/lOa by 71 1 kg/lOa, which shows about 71% increments compared with those of chemical fertilizer treated. Net energy yields, both in starch value and NEL, were also markedly increased under liquid waste application. As a results, the optimum application rate of methane-liquid waste was found to be 42 ton in 10 a.

• 한국터널지하공간학회 논문집
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• 제24권3호
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• pp.263-278
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• 2022

본 논문에서는 가소성 특성을 지니는 TBM 뒤채움재의 개발과 성능을 연구하기 위하여 실험한 내용을 다루고 있다. 쉴드 TBM 굴진 시 배면을 충전하는 방법으로 현재 LW 뒤채움재를 사용해오고 있는데, LW 뒤채움재는 강도 저하로 인한 침하발생, 지하수에 의한 재료분리, 가소성 저하와 같은 단점을 가지고 있다. 이러한 문제점을 개선하기 위하여 개발한 무기질계 가소성 뒤채움재의 성능을 분석하기 위해 실내시험과 모형실험을 수행하였다. 실내시험 결과, 무기질계 가소성 뒤채움재는 LW 뒤채움재 대비 재령 1시간의 일축압축강도가 12배 이상 높게 나타났고 블리딩률은 8.3배 이상 낮게 측정되었으며 플로우 값은 27배 이상 높게 나타났다. 이러한 결과로 미루어볼 때 무기질계 가소성 뒤채움재가 강도 저하, 재료분리, 주입성면에서 LW보다 성능이 우수한 것으로 판단된다. 또한 충전 성능을 분석하기 위해 모형 주입장치 시험기를 제작하였고, 수중에서 재료분리 발생여부를 육안으로 확인하였으며, LW 뒤채움재보다 ITB의 충전율이 20% 이상 높게 나타났다. 이는 무기질계 가소성 뒤채움재가 지하수에 의한 재료분리를 방지하며, 터널의 공동 발생을 억제시킬 것으로 판단된다.

• 대한의생명과학회지
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.92-102
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• 2015

This work aimed to study whether rice bran extract fermented with Lactobacillus plantarum (LW) promotes functional recovery and reduces cognitive impairment after ischemic brain injury. Ischemic brain injury was induced by middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) in rats. Four groups were studied, namely the (1) sham, (2) vehicle, (3) donepezil, and (4) LW groups. Animals were injected with LW once a day for 7 days after middle cerebral artery occlusion. LW group showed significantly improved neurological function as compared to the vehicle group, as well as enhanced learning and memory in the Morris water maze. The LW group showed the greatest functional recovery. Moreover, the LW group showed an enhanced more survival cells anti-apoptotic effect in the cortex and neural cell densities in the hippocampal DG and CA1. In addition, this group showed enhanced expression of neurotrophic factors, antioxidant genes, and the acetylcholine receptor gene, as well as synaptophysin (SYP), Fox-3 (NeuN), doublecortin (DCX), and choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) proteins. Our findings indicate that LW treatment showed the largest effects in functional recovery and cognitive improvement after ischemic brain injury through stimulation of the acetylcholine receptor, antioxidant genes, neurotrophic factors, and expression of NeuN, SYP, DCX, and ChAT.

• Journal of Astronomy and Space Sciences
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• 제25권4호
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• pp.335-346
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• 2008

Using the global total electron contents (TEC) measured by the TOPEX satellite from Aug. 1992 to Oct. 2005, we investigate the variations of the longitudinal wavenumber-4 (LW-4) structure in the equatorial anomaly (EA) crests with season, local time, and solar activity. Our study shows that the LW-4 structure in the EA crests ($5{\sim}20^{\circ}$ MLAT in both hemispheres) has clear four peaks at fixed longitude sectors during the daytime for both equinoxes and June solstice. In spite of being called a wavelike structure, however, the magnitudes and spatial intervals of the four peaks are far from being the same or regular. After sunset, the four-peak structure begins to move eastward with gradual weakening in its amplitude during equinoxes and this weakening proceeds much faster during June solstice. Interestingly, the longitudinal variations during December solstice do not show clear four-peak structure. All these features of the LW-4 structure are almost the same for both low and high solar activity conditions although the ion densities are greatly enhanced from low to high solar activities. With the irrelevancy of the magnetic activity in the LW-4, this implies that the large changes of the upper atmospheric ion densities, one of the important factors for ion-neutral interactions, have little effect on the formation of the LW-4 structure. On the other hand, we found that the monthly variation of the LW-4 is remarkably similar to that of the zonal component of wavenumber-3 diurnal tides at low latitudes, which implies that the lower atmospheric tidal forcing, transferred to the upper atmosphere, seems to have a dominant role in producing the LW-4 structure in the EA crests via the E-region dynamo.

• 수산해양기술연구
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• 제51권4호
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• pp.475-483
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• 2015

The marine microalgae Isochrysis galbana was cultured under various light-emitting diode (LED) light conditions with different wavelengths to examine changes in growth and in amino acid and fatty acid profiles. The culture conditions for the microalgae were Conway medium, salinity of 33 psu, temperature of $24^{\circ}C$, and a 16/8 h light/dark photoperiod. Six light sources, including 5 units of 180W LED lamps (peak wavelength: blue [LB] 470 nm; green [LG] 525 nm; yellow [LY] 595 nm; red [LR] 636 nm; white [LW] 442 nm) and 1 unit of a 175W metal halide (MH) lamp, were used for the experiment. The dry cell weights ($gL^{-1}$) of I. galbana under different light conditions were in the order of LW>LB${\geq}$MH>LR>LG>LY. Levels of essential amino acids were revealed to be significantly higher under LW, LG, and MH than under the other wavelengths (P<0.05). The fatty acid, unsaturated fatty acid, and DHA contents of I. galbana were higher under MH, LW, and LG. In addition, the carotenoid content was higher under MH, LW, and LG than under the other wavelengths (P<0.05). The fucoxanthin content was highest under MH (0.28%) and lowest under LY (0.2%), and it was 0.26% under LW and LG. The results indicate that the combined use of LW and LG is effective when using LED lamps for I. galbana cultivation.

• 한국수소및신에너지학회논문집
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• 제26권3호
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• pp.199-205
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• 2015

Organic wastes such as food waste (FW), livestock wastewater (LW), and sewage sludge (SWS) can produce hydrogen ($H_2$) by anaerobic acid fermentation. Expecially, FW which has high carbohydrate content produces $H_2$ and short chain fatty acids by indigenous $H_2$ producing microorganisms without adding inoculum, however $H_2$ production rate (HPR) and yield have to be improved to use a commercially available technology. In this study, LW was mixed to FW in different ratios (on chemical oxygen demand (COD) basis) as an auxiliary substrate. The mixture of FW and LW was pretreated at pH 2 using 6 N HCl for 12 h and then fermented at $37^{\circ}C$ for 28 h. HPR of FW, 254 mL $H_2/L/h$, was increased with the addition of LW, however, mixing ratio of LW to FW was reversely related to HPR, exhibiting HPR of 737, 733, 599, and 389 mL $H_2/L/h$ at the ratio of FW:LW=10:1, 10:2, 10:3, and 10:4 on COD basis, respectively. Maximum HPR and $H_2$ production yield of 737 $H_2/L/h$ and 1.74 mol $H_2/mol$ hexoseadded were obtained respectively at the ratio of FW:LW=10:1. Butyrate was the main organic acid produced and propionate was not detected throughout the experiment.