• The Journal of Korean Obstetrics and Gynecology
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.124-130
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• 2010

Purpose: The aim of the study was to investigate menstrual cycle phase differences in Heart Rate Variability(HRV) in dysmenorrhea patients. Methods: 16 dysmenorrhea patients were enrolled. The severity of dysmenorrhea was measured by Visual Analog Scale(VAS). Recordings for HRV analysis were obtained during the two phases of the menstrual cycle (follicular phase 4~10 days and luteal phase 18~23 days from the start of bleeding). Results: No measure of HRV was significantly different between two menstrual cycle phases. Conclusion: We concluded that menstrual cycle was not significantly associated with changes in autonomic nervous system as measured by HRV in dysmenorrhea patients.

• Korean Journal of Clinical Laboratory Science
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• v.51 no.3
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• pp.360-369
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• 2019

Cadherins are essential transmembrane proteins that promote cell-cell adhesion and maintain the corpus luteum structure in the ovary. This study examined the influence of prostaglandin F2 alpha ($PGF2{\alpha}$) on E-cadherin, N-cadherin, and adhesion in luteal theca cells (LTCs). The luteal cells were isolated from the mid-phase corpus luteum, and the LTCs were cultured separately from the luteal heterogeneous cells according to the morphology of the mesenchymal cells and to determine if steroidogenic and endothelial cells of LTCs, 3beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase ($3{\beta}$-HSD), and vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 (VEGFR2) mRNA were used. The LTCs were then incubated in the culture medium supplemented with 0.01, 0.1, and 1.0 mM $PGF2{\alpha}$ for 24 h, and the E-cadherin and N-cadherin proteins in the LTCs were detected by confocal laser scanning microscopy. The results revealed $3{\beta}$-HSD mRNA expression in the LTC but no VEGF2R mRNA expression. The E-cadherin and N-cadherin proteins of the LTCs were damaged in the 0.01, 0.1, and 1.0 mM $PGF2{\alpha}$ treatment groups, and the expression of the N-cadherin protein was reduced significantly in 0.01 mM $PGF2{\alpha}$ compared to the 0 mM $PGF2{\alpha}$ treatment groups (P<0.05). In addition, the number of attached LTCs were significantly lower in the 0.01 mM $PGF2{\alpha}$ treatment group than in the 0 mM $PGF2{\alpha}$ treatment group (P<0.05). In conclusion, $PGF2{\alpha}$ affected the disruption of cadherin proteins and cell adhesion in LTCs. These results may help better understand the cadherin and adhesion mechanism during corpus luteum regression in the ovary.

• Journal of Embryo Transfer
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.87-92
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• 2012

A study on estrus synchronized dairy cows using progesterone intravaginal device was done to classify each cow's reproductive status from calving to synchronization and to evaluate the reproductive performance according to ovarian and uterine status, and calving season. From calving to estrus synchronization, silent heat or error of estrus detection among ovarian status and endometritis among uterine disorders were exposed in the most distribution (75.4% and 48.3%, respectively). The pregnancy rate of cows with inactive ovaries was lower than those in the follicular and luteal phase. And according to the uterine status before estrus synchronization, the pregnancy rate was similar in three groups; normal, endometritis, and pyometra (70.9, 69.1 and 100%, respectively). The interval from calving to conception was shorter (p<0.05) in cows calved during autumn than in cows calved during spring and winter.

• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.361-368
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• 1997

A total of 55 patients with various etiologies of infertility particitated in a study comparing two regimens of controlled ovarian hyperstimulation (COH) with GnRH agonists and gonadotropins. Nineteen patients were given an ultra-short stimulation protocol when the agonist was administered for 3 day from Day 2 of the cycle. The remaining 36 patients were given a long stimulation protocol when the agonist was administered from the mid-luteal phase of the cycle preceding the stimulation cycle. The mean number of gonadotropins used per patient was not different between two groups. No significant differences were found in the mean number of oocytes recovered, fertilization rate and embryo cleavage rate between two groups. Pregnancy and delivery rates were higher in ultra-short protocol than in long protocol, but these were not significant. These results suggest that an ultra-short protocol is as effective as a long protocol in in-vitro fertilization and embryo transfer.

• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.35-40
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• 1989

In order to study the follicular atretic mechanism in mammalian ovary, the relationship between pyknotic index (PI) of granulosa cells and the steroid concentrations in the follicular fluid of atretic follicle was investigated. Follicles were isolated from porcine ovary according to their sizes and the reproductive phases. Steroid concentrations were quantified by high-performance liquid chromatography. As PI increased, the concentration of progesterone was significantly increased(p<0.05), whereas testosterone and estradiol showed no significant changes in their concentration. As follicular size was increased, PI of follicular GC in the luteal phase was increased significantly(p<0.05) and the molar ratio of progesterone to testosterone was increased in the follicles of follicular phase. It can be concluded that progesterone accumulated in the follicular fluid as atresia of the follicles was progressed, and that PI of granulosa cells could be used as one of convenient and pratical criteria for the identification of follicular atresia.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.13 no.8
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• pp.1059-1062
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• 2000

The objective of the investigation was to study the effect of intramuscular $PGF_2\;{\alpha}$ and GnRH on estrus behavior and ovarian response in Murrah buffalo heifers. Twelve Murrah buffalo heifers at 32 months of age that had not exhibited behavioral estrus symptom were included in the experiment. Out of 12,4 heifers were in follicular phase (plasma estradiol $57.05{\pm}12.52pg/ml$), another 4 heifers were in luteal phase (Plasma progesterone $2.24{\pm}0.25ng/ml$) while the ovaries of remaining four heifers were inactive (estradiol $23.70{\pm}1.66pg/ml$and progesterone $0.32{\pm}0.06ng/ml$). $PGF_2\;{\alpha}$ (25 mg, Lutalyse, im) and GnRH (200 ug, Fertagyl, iv) was administered to each heifer at interval of 10 days. The plasma progesterone concentration decreased within 48 hrs after $PGF_2\;{\alpha}$ injection and followed thereafter with follicular growth, estrus and ovulation. GnRH administration induced follicular growth, elevation of plasma estradiol concentration with subsequent exhibition of behavioral estrus in 2 out of 4 heifers having inactive ovary. The observation reveals that Murrah buffalo heifers at 32 months of age have developed receptors for $PGF_2\;{\alpha}$ and GnRH on ovarian and pituitary tissue respectively and response the single injection of $PGF_2\;{\alpha}$ and GnRH similar to the mature cycling animals.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.339-349
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• 2001

This study was investigated the effects of ambient temperatures and menstrual cycle on Resting Metabolic Rate(RMR), Rectal Temperature(Tre), Skin(forehead, chest, abdomen, forearm, hand, thigh, leg, foot) Temperatures, and subjective thermal sensations in 8 young Korean females(ages 22-25, voluntarily). The Tre and the Skin Temperatures were measured in once every five minute for one hour. RMR was measured three times at 30 minutes intervals by indirect calorimetry. All measurements were gathered during Luteal Phase(LP), Menstruation(M), and Follicular Phase(FP) at two levels of ambient temperatures; low(17~21$^{\circ}C$) and middle(21.1~$25^{\circ}C$). LP were the highest values during FP and M in RMR, Tre, forehead temperature, chest temperature and abdomen temperature, while the leg(leg and foot) and arm(forearm and hand) temperatures were higher during FP rather than during LP at each ambient temperature. The downward curve of Tre in the experiment was larger during FP than LP. The values in subjective thermal sensations were most comfortable during LP than M and FP at each ambient temperature. The LP-FP differences in core and mean skin temperatures, and resting metabolic rate, were more significant at middle ambient temperatures than at low ambient temperatures.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Laryngology, Phoniatrics and Logopedics
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.113-116
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• 2008

Baekgroud and Objectives: The study was purposed to evaluate the relationship between the voice change and the menstrual cycle by measuring the variation of subjective and objective parameters. Materials and Methods: Prospective study of 13 healthy women during 2 mentrual cycles. Their voices were recorded at follicular phase and then luteal phase of the menstrual cycle. We used both single vowel /a/ and sentences for evaluate acoustic parameters. Aerodynamic parameters were also evaluated. Voice handicap index (VHI), and the presence of premenstrual syndromes (PMS) were checked at each period. We used Wilcoxon's signed rank test to compare the parameters of two periods. Results: VHI were 5.1 at both periods (p=0.146) and 92.3% of women were diagnosable with PMS. There were no significant differences in acoustic parameters and aerodynamic parameters between the two periods. Conclusion: This study shows that not only the subjective but also the objective changes of the voice parameters did not exist during the menstrual cycle in women.

• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.377-381
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• 1999

Objectives: Recent studies, including our own, demonstrated that the novel expression of LH gene in rat gonads and uterus, indicating that the local production and action of the LH-like molecule. In the present study, we investigated whether human uterus also expresses the LH gene. Design: Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) amplified the cDNA fragments coding $LH_{\beta}$ polypeptide from human endometrium but not from myometrium. Presence of the transcripts for the ${\alpha}$-subunit in human endometrium was also confirmed by RT-PCR. Results: Transcripts for $LH_{\beta}$ subunit were detected in endometrial samples from women with endometriosis. The gene for LH/hCG receptor was expressed in both endometrium and myometrium, showing good agreement with previous studies. Increased level of $LH_{\beta}$ transcript was determined in the endometrium from follicular phase compared to that from luteal phase. Conclusion: Taken together, our findings demonstrated that 1) the genes for LH subunits and LH/hCG receptor are expressed in human uterus, 2) the uterine LH expression was changed during menstrual cycle, suggesting that the uterine LH may playa local role in the control of uterine physiology and function(s).

• The Journal of Korean Obstetrics and Gynecology
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.77-88
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• 2017

Objectives: The purpose of this study is to analyze the characteristics of the pulse energy in women with PCOS (Polycystic ovary syndrome) compared with women who have a regular menstrual cycle. Methods: We analyzed the values of pulse energy on 20 patients with PCOS as an experimental group and 40 patients with regular menstrual cycle as a control group. Control group was divided into 20 women with follicular phase and 20 women with luteal phase respectively. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS/Win 18.0, one way ANOVA and Tukey HSD. Results: The results were as follows. 1. The mean pulse energy of the Right Chon was significantly increased compared with those of the Left Kwan and the Right Kwan among PCOS group. 2. There were no statistically significant pulse energy among control groups. Conclusions: The pulse energy of Lung is bigger than that of Spleen and Liver in PCOS patients compared with women who have a regular menstrual cycle.