• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제18권5호
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• pp.398-405
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• 1986

루우핀 콩의 식품가공 적성을 평가하기 위하여 서호주에서 생산된 Lupinus angustifolius의 종실을 삶음 속도, 콩나물 성장속도 및 균체성장속도 등을 검토하고 또한 루우핀 종실로부터 만들어진 단백질 농축물(LPC)을 우리나라 식품제조에 활용하는 방안등을 조사하였다. 루우핀 콩의 수분 침지속도는 대두보다 컸으나 삶음 속도는 대두보다 크게 떨어졌다. 가열에 의한 연화속도 $D_{100}$은 대두의 경우 84분이었으나 루우핀 콩의 경우 345분이었다. 루우핀 콩에 포함되어 있는 잔유 쓴맛성분(주로 알카로이드)와 황색색소 및 지방은 핵산-알콜-물을 혼합한 이상용매로 제거할 수 있으며 여기에서 얻어진 단백질 농축물은 단백질 함량 50% 이상을 함유하며 유백색의 순한 풍미를 가지는 물질로 우수한 식품재료로 판단되었다. 루우핀콩 단백질 농축물에 탄수화물(주로 셀롤로오스)분해효소 처리를 하면 가용성이 높고 단백질 함량이 증가된 제품을 얻을 수 있다. 이들 재료들을 이용하여 식물성 대용유와 유산균 발효음료의 제조 가능 하였으며 이들 제조방법의 제문제를 검토하였다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제6권4호
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• pp.515-519
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• 1993

Young goats were fed low quality roughage ad libitum and supplements of insect-damaged Lablab purpureus (var. Highworth) seed fed at approximately 3, 6 or 12 g/kg liveweight (LW), or sweet lupin seed (Lupinus angustifolius var. Uniharvest) fed at 12 g/kg LW. Roughage intake was not changed by 3 or 6 g/kg LW levels of Lablab or by 12 g/kg LW lupin supplement, but was reduced (p<0.05) by 35% by 12 g/kg LW Lablab supplement. Organic matter (OM) digestibility was increased by all supplements, and digestible OM intake was increased by the 6 g/kg LW Lablab and 12 g/kg LW lupin supplements. LW gain and feed conversion ratio were not changed by 3 or 6 g/kg LW Lablab or the 12 g/kg LW lupin, but were reduced (p<0.05) by 12 g/kg LW Lablab supplement. It was concluded that young goats could efficiently utilize supplements of Lablab purpureus seed fed at levels of up to 6 g/kg LW. However, when 12 g/kg of the Lablab seed was fed, poor performance suggested that the goats were adversely affected by anti-nutritional factors which were not neutralized by rumen fermentation.

• 한국미생물·생명공학회지
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• 제11권3호
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• pp.241-248
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• 1983

본 실험은 대두콩 대신 루우핀콩으로 메주를 제조하여 숙성시키면서 숙성기간 중에 일어나는 성분 변화를 측정함과 동시에 대두콩으로 제조한 메주와 그 발효 특성을 비교하였다. 완전히 익은 콩에 Asp. oryzae를 접종하여 개량식 메주를 제조하였고, 건조된 메주는 소금물에 담궈 4주동안 숙성시켜 간장과 된장을 제조하였다. 일반적으로 숙성 기간중 단백질 분해효소와 전분 분해효소의 활성은 대두콩 메주에서보다는 루우핀콩 메주에서 더 높았으며, 단백질 분해효소의 활성에서의 증가는 발효된 된장과 간장의 $\alpha$-아미노태 질소 함량의 증가와 직접적인 상관관계를 나타내었으며 숙성 중 간장의 색깔이 진한 갈색으로 되는 정도는 대두콩 메주와 비교할때, 루우핀콩 메주에서 더 빨랐다. 또한 이렇게 발효된 간장과 된장에 대해 관능검사한 결과 루우핀콩 된장은 전반적인 품질면에서 대두콩으로 제조한 된장에 비해 떨어졌으나 루우핀콩 간장은 전반적인 품질면에서 만족할 수 있었다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제14권8호
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• pp.1129-1132
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• 2001

Seventy-two Korean native bulls, with an average initial body weight of $247.2{\pm}2.34kg$ were used to determine the effect of different flaked lupin seed inclusion levels (0%, 15% and 30%; Control, LS15, LS30, respectively) on growth with a $3{\times}3$ randomized complete block design at the experimental farm of TS Corporation in Korea for 150 days. There were no significant differences in average daily gain (ADG) and feed:gain among treatments, However, LS30 increased concentrate intake and total feed intake (p<0.05) and decreased rice straw intake compared with Control and LS 15 (p<0.05), With inclusion of flaked lupin seeds, concentrate intake and total feed intake increased (p<0.01) and rice straw intake decreased (p<0.05) compared with Control. There were no specific changes in the health status of animals used in this experiment with inclusion of flaked lupin seeds in concentrates. Inclusion of flaked lupin seeds in the concentrates showed a tendency of reduced average daily total feed cost per kg weight gain compared with Control by 1.6% and 3.4%, respectively, in LS15 and LS30.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제5권2호
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• pp.315-321
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• 1992

The utilization of feeding white sweet lupin (Lupinus angustifolius cv. Uniwhite) seeds supplemented with the limiting amino acids were investigated in day-old single comb White Leghorn male chicks. These were fed a commercial chick mash for the first 10 days and on a semi-synthetic protein-free diet for the next 6 days. For the subsequent 6 days of experimental feeding period, the birds were fed on the protein-free diet, basal diet containing 9.31% of lupin seed meal (LSM) protein, diets supplemented with methionine, methionine + tryptophan or methionine + tryptophan + lysine in the basal diet, and diet containing 9.84% of soybean meal (SBM) protein. When the LSM protein was supplemented with methionine, protein intake, body weight gain, protein efficiency ratio (PER) and net protein ratio (NPR) were increased (p<0.05). The birds excreted lower urinary nitrogen and fecal nitrogen per protein comsumption, had improved apparent (AD) and true (TD) digestibility but did not alter biological value (BV) of the protein. Metabolizability (MEn/GE) and heat production (HP) per MEn intake (HP/MEn) was lowered while energy retention (ER) was highered (p<0.05) compared with those of the basal diet. Also the body weight gain, PER, NPR and ER was increased but the BV and HP/MEn was lowered compared with those of the SBM protein. The results indicated that lupin seed supplemented with methionine increase body weight gain and energy rentention but did not alter biological value compared with those of lupin seed and soybean meal.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제17권6호
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• pp.454-459
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• 1985

루핀콩(lupinus angustifolius)의 식품으로서의 가치를 평가하기 위한 형태학적 접근방법의 하나로써 취반시(時) 일어나는 미세구조적 변화를 대두와 비교하였다. 루핀공은 대두에 비해 두꺼운 세포벽과 pit-pair을 가지며 protein body안에 많은 crystaloid를 포함하고 있어, oil seed인 대두와는 상당히 다른 자엽구조를 보여 주었다. 또한 대두에서는 높은 온도($120^{\circ}C$)로 가열했을 때 (20분) middle lamella 구조의 파괴와 함께 세포벽의 손상이 명백하였으나, 루핀콩의 경우 $120^{\circ}C$에서 장시간(130분) 가열했을 때에도 세포벽의 파괴 및 middle lamella의 파괴없이 본래의 자엽세포 구조를 유지하였다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제13권6호
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• pp.861-882
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• 2000

The seed, or grain, of modern cultivars of Lupinus angustifolius, commonly known as Australian sweet lupins (ASL), is an established feed resource for the intensive animal industries of Australia, Japan, Korea and several other countries in Asia and Europe. Since the introduction of ASL to the world marketplace about 25 years ago, researchers in many countries have found them to be a valuable component of the diet of beef and dairy cattle, sheep, pigs, poultry, finfish and crustaceans. The seed of ASL contains ~32% crude protein (CP) (~35% DM basis) and 5% oil. The main storage carbohydrates in the seed are the ${\beta}$-galactans that comprise most of the cell-wall material of the kernel and the cellulose and hemicellulose of the thick seed coats. ASL seeds contain about 40% non-starch polysaccharides (NSP) and a negligible amount of starch. This makes them an excellent ingredient for ruminant diets, as the risk of acidosis is very low. The seed of modern cultivars of domesticated Lupinus species contain negligible amounts of lectins and trypsin inhibitors so they do not require preheating before being used as an ingredient in feeds for monogastric species. They have a high digestibility coefficient for protein, >90% for most species, but a low energy digestibility, ~60%, which is mostly due to the high content of NSP. The low content of methionine (0.22%) and of lysine (1.46%) is typical of the legumes. The lysine availability for pigs is >70%. Lupin kernels contain ~39% CP (~42% DM basis), 6% oil and 30% NSP. They have a higher digestible energy for pigs and finfish and a higher metabolisable energy for poultry than whole seed. Commercial operations rarely achieve complete separation of kernel from hull and it is more likely that the kernel fraction, called splits or meats, will contain ~36% CP. The replacement of soybean meal or peas with ASL in cereal-based diets for most intensively reared animals, birds and fish is possible provided lysine, methionine and digestible energy levels are kept constant. This makes ASL economically competitive in many, but not all, circumstances.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제12권7호
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• pp.1054-1062
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• 1999

The effects of dry roasting whole faba beans (WFB) and whole lupin seeds (WLS) at 110, 130 or $150{^{\circ}C}$ for 15, 30 or 45 min on rumen (RDCP%), estimated intestinal (IDCP%) and total tract disappearance of CP (TDCP%) and intestinal availability (IARUCP%) of rumen undegraded CP (RUCP%) were determined. The RDCP values were estimated by in sacco technique by incubating nylon bags for 8, 12 and 24 h in the rumen of dairy cows. The IDCP and IARUCP values were estimated using a sequence of ruminal incubation, in vitro incubation in acid-pepsin for 1 h and then in pancreatin for 24 h of three-step in vitro procedure technique. Dry roasting at 130 and $150^{\circ}C$ decreased RDCP with correspondingly increasing IDCP. The IDCP value generally increased from 12.3(raw) to 8.6, 14.8 and 39.6% (WFB) and from 28.3 (raw) to 33.7, 36.2 and 56.2% (WLS) at 8 h rumen incubation; from 2.9 (raw) to 2.9, 4.6 and 23.3% (WFB) and from 19.6 (raw) to 19.0, 24.0 and 46.6% (WLS) at 12 h rumen incubation; from 1.3 (raw) to 1.9, 1.7 and 11.0% (WFB) and from 4.4 (raw) to 4.2, 10.7 and 36.7% (WLS) at 12 h rumen incubation as the temperatures rose to 110, 130 and $150{^{\circ}C}$ respectively. The TDCP values were always high and increased by time in the rumen, the average values of which were 97.9, 96.6; 99.2, 96.9 and 99.6, 98.7% for WFB and WLS, respectively, at 8, 12 and 24 h rumen incubation. But within the same retention time, TDCP was generally unchanged. The average IARUCP increased from 87.3 (raw) to 87.4, 88.7 and 92.0% (WFB); from 87.6 (raw) to 88.9, 91.5 and 93.0% (WLS) at roasting temperatures of 110, 130 and $150{^{\circ}C}$, respectively. It was concluded that dry roasting can shift the digestion of CP from rumen to the lower gastrointestinal tract without depressing the digestion of RUCP. The best processing condition in this study was dry roasting at $150{^{\circ}C}$ for 45 min in terms of effects on the disappearances and availability of CP. Research data on intestinal availability of individual amino acids need to be further investigated.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제19권6호
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• pp.499-505
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• 1987

루우핀콩 단백질 농축물(LPC-50, LPC-70)을 제조하여 이들의 식품기능성들을 분리대두단백질 및 카제인 과 비교 검토하였다. LPC-50은 2상용매 추출법에 의해 제조한 단백질 함량 50% 수준의 유백색 물질이며 LPC-70은 LPC-50의 탄수화물 일부를 가수분해 효소로 처리해서 제거하여 단백질 농도를 70% 수준으로 높인 것이다. LPC-50의 건물 수율은 73.7%였으며 LPC-70은 55.7%였다. 또한 단백질 수율면에서는 LPC-50이 91% 였고 LPC-70이 87.4%였다. LPC-50과 LPC-70의 단백질 용해도는 증류수에서는 SPI와 비슷한 경향이 보였으나, NaCl 첨가시 pH $4.0{\sim}6.0$ 범위에서는 SPI보다 높았다. LPC-50과 LPC-70의 흐름성질은 8% 농도에서 강한 의가소성을 보였으며. 겉보기 점도는 6%부터 지수적으로 증가하였으며 그 증가 패턴은 카제인과 비슷한 경향이었다. 유화력은 단백질 농도가 증가할수록 커졌으며, LPC-70은 우수한 유화력을 나타내었고 특히 NaCl 첨가시 SPI와 비슷한 유화력을 나타내었다. LPC-50과 LPC-70의 기포 형성력은 SPI의 기포 형성력과 비슷하였으나, 안정성이 pH 7.0에서 비교적 낮은 결과를 보였다. 루우핀콩 단백질 농축물들은 우수한 수분 및 유지 흡착력을 나타냈으며, 특히 LPC-70은 매우 높은 유지 흡착력을 보였다.