• Journal of Korean Society of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.127-138
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• 2009

Rock wool, a kind of asbestos substitutes, was analyzed for its physicochemical properties. After fivers of rock wool were instilled into rat lungs, These pathological changes were evaluated. In addition, the fibers in the lungs were counted and characterized after the lungs were treated for electron microscopical analysis. The lungs of rats showed pathological lesions such as granulomatous changes, but these lesions disappeared at 28 days groups after instilled rats. The rock wool fibers in the lungs decreased more 50 % after 28 days instilled into rat lungs. And rock wool showed early change in fiber compositions after 3 days compare with chrysotile showed after 7 days instilled into rat lungs. This study showed that the durability of rock wool in the lungs is more milder than chrysotile.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.761-764
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• 2009

The Pye is one of the organs in oriental medicine, which has functions of controlling Ki. The Lungs is also a organ that has a function of respiration, in western medicne. Ki means the air in the first notion. Therefore, the functions of the Lungs and Pye are no differences. However, Ki doesn't mean the air only. Respiration in western medicne has two meanings. One of them is a external respiration, ang the other is a cellular respiration. In that process, the Lungs supervise oxygen and oxidation of protein, carbohydrate and fat and prduce ATP as energy. Two of Functions in Ki are Choodong(推動;Tuidong) and Onhoo(溫煦;Wenxu). Choodong means making energy ang Onhoo means making heat, that indicate a similarity functions of Pye and Lungs from the view of making energy.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.36 no.2
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• pp.88-91
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• 2019

Background: The intelligent tissue hypothesis on how acupuncture works, states that real-time organ states are reflected in the tissue at an organ's related acupuncture points (acupoints). Any such changes in the tissue would produce corresponding changes in the impedance at those locations. Methods: To test this hypothesis in relation to the lungs, the impedance at key lung-related acupoints was monitored in real time while the patient breathed normally, then breathed deeply, then quickly, then held his breath. Results: When breathing deeply this produced a notable decrease in the impedance at 1 acupoint, while breathing quickly produced a decrease at another acupoint, suggesting that these different functions taxed different aspects of the lungs, which was then reflected at different acupoints. The impedance at all the acupoints also contained low-amplitude waves that reflected the base rate of the respiration pacesetter, and the amplitude of these waves also varied to reflect different real-time states in the lungs. Conclusion: These real-time impedance patterns suggested that corresponding physical patterns were present in the tissue at these acupoints, and these physical patterns mirrored the real-time variations in function strength of the related organ (the lungs). These results were consistent with the hypothesis.

• Journal of Veterinary Science
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.35.1-35.13
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• 2024

Importance: Experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) is an animal model of multiple sclerosis characterized by inflammation within the central nervous system. However, inflammation in non-neuronal tissues, including the lungs, has not been fully evaluated. Objective: This study evaluated the inflammatory response in lungs of EAE mice by immunohistochemistry and histochemistry. Methods: Eight adult C57BL/6 mice were injected with myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein_35-55 to induce the EAE. Lungs and spinal cords were sampled from the experimental mice at the time of sacrifice and used for the western blotting, histochemistry, and immunohistochemistry. Results: Histopathological examination revealed inflammatory lesions in the lungs of EAE mice, characterized by infiltration of myeloperoxidase (MPO)- and galectin-3-positive cells, as determined by immunohistochemistry. Increased numbers of collagen fibers in the lungs of EAE mice were confirmed by histopathological analysis. Western blotting revealed significantly elevated level of osteopontin (OPN), cluster of differentiation 44 (CD44), MPO and galectin-3 in the lungs of EAE mice compared with normal controls (p < 0.05). Immunohistochemical analysis revealed both OPN and CD44 in ionized calcium-binding adapter molecule 1-positive macrophages within the lungs of EAE mice. Conclusions and Relevance: Taken together, these findings suggest that the increased OPN level in lungs of EAE mice led to inflammation; concurrent increases in proinflammatory factors (OPN and galectin-3) caused pulmonary impairment.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Service
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.126-138
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• 1996

Lungs from 109 slaughter pigs with gross lesions indicating enzootic Pneumonia of pigs(EPP) and 16 grossly normal lungs, all originating from seven different herds, were subjected to microbiological examinations. The microbiological studies were included both bacterial and mycoplasmal culture. From lungs of 125 slaughter pigs, 87.2% pigs were pneumonia lesions alone or complexly Mycoplasma spp., pasteurella multocidu(p. multocida), Streptococcus spp., and Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniue(A. pleuropneumoniae) were detected in 39.4%, 42.2%, 13.8%, and 3.7% of the pneumonic lungs, respectively. P. multocida was the most frequently isolated organism in pneumonic lungs. Mycoplasmas not isolated organism in 33.9% the pneumonic lungs even If [here are gross lessions mycoplasmas. The amounts of pneumonia in lungs with Mycoplasma spp. alone, a concurrence of Mycoplasma spp. and P. multocida, p. multocida alone, a concurrence of P. multocida and A. pleuropneumoniae, and a concurrence of Mycoplasma spp. and A pleurdpneumoniae were 10.1%, 22.7%, 18.7%, 25%, and 30%, respectively These findings indicated that p. multocida might be involved in the pathogenesis of pneumonia in slaughter pigs. Mycoplasma spp. was also, in this study, associated with higher frequency of pneumonia. The frequency of pigs snout lesion grade 0∼5 inclusive were 27.2%, 28%, 19.2%, 16%, 6.4%, and 3.2% from 125 slaughter pigs. 32(25.6%) pigs were positive and 13~30% in the pigs from seven herds were found to be infected with atrophic rhintis (AR). A total of 46 P. multocida strains In pneumonic lungs were further characterized by capsular serotyping and testing for production of dermonecrotic toxin. 42(91.3%) of strains were capsular A and 4(8.7%) were type D. Out of the type A and type D strains, 86% and 75% were toxigenic, respectively.

• The Korean Journal of Nuclear Medicine
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.155-165
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• 1987

The noninvasive nature of the radionuclide angiocardiography provided a useful approach for the evaluation of left-to-right cardiac shunts (LRCS). While the qualitative information can be obtained by inspection of serial radionuclide angiocardiograms, the quantitative information of radionuclide angiocardiography can be obtained by the analysis-of time-activity curves using advanced computer system. The count ratios method and pulmonary-to-systemic flow ratio (QP/QS) by gamma variate fit method were used to evaluate the accuracy of detection and localization of LRCS. One hundred and ten time-activity curves were analyzed. There were 46 LRCS (atrial septal defects 11, ventricular septal defects 22, patent ductus arteriosus 13) and 64 normal subjects. By computer analysis of time-activity curves of the right atrium, ventricle and the lungs separately, the count ratios modified by adding the mean cardiac transit time were calculated in each anatomic site. In normal subjects the mean count ratios in the right atrium, ventricle and lungs were 0.24 on average. In atrial septal defects, the count ratios were high in the right atrium, ventricle and lungs, whereas in ventricular septal defects the count ratios were higher only in the right ventricle and lungs. Patent ductus arteriosus showed normal count ratios in the heart but high count ratios were obtained in the lungs. Thus, this count ratios method could be separated normal from those with intra cardiac or extracardiac shunts, and moreover, with this method the localization of the shunt level was possible in LRCS. Another method that could differentiate the intracardiac shunts from extracardiac shunts was measuring QP/QS in the left and right lungs. In patent ductus arteriosus, the left lung QP/QS was higher than those of the right lung, whereas in atrial septal defects and ventricular septal defects QP/QS ratios were equal in both lungs. From this study, it was found that by measuring QP/QS separately in the lungs, intracardiac shunt could be differenciated from extracardiac shunts.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• v.33 no.5
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• pp.663-665
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• 2006

Purpose: Dermatofibroma is a lesion several millimeters to several centimeters in size, arising from dermis or subcutaneous tissue, mostly at extremities of a middle aged female. It is a benign fibrous tumor that to our knowledge metastasis have not been reported and may recur only locally. Here we report a rare case of 36-year-old female with dermatofibroma arising from back and metastasized to both lungs. Methods: We performed an en-block elliptical mass excision for skin lesion and metastatectomy for multiple nodules of both lungs. Results: Histologically, the tumors of both lungs and skin lesion showed dilated cystic airspaces which were lined by respiratory epithelium with underlying layers of tumor cells. The tumor cells were composed of plump to spindled fibrohistiocytic cells arranged in storiform growth pattern. There were no cellular pleomorphism, atypical mitosis, and necrosis. These are the specific features of a dermatofibroma and we could examined the histologic findings of skin and lungs identical. Thus, this indicates that dermatofibroma of back was metastasized to both lungs. Conclusion: We report this case to notice that dermatofibroma is a benign tumor but it rarely metastasizes.

• BMB Reports
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• v.36 no.2
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• pp.154-158
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• 2003

Collagen is a family of proteins which consists of several genetically distinct molecular species and is intimately involved in tissue organization, function, differentiation and development. The purpose of this study was to investigate the concentration of different hydroxyproline (Hyp) fractions viz., total, free, peptide-bound, protein-bound, soluble- and insoluble-collagen hydroxyproline (Hyp) in various bovine tissues. Results showed that liver had the highest concentration of free Hyp followed by kidney, brain, spleen, lungs, muscle and heart. Liver also had the highest concentration of peptide-bound collagen Hyp followed by kidney, heart, spleen, lungs, brain and muscle. The concentration of protein-bound collagen Hyp was highest in the liver, followed by kidney, spleen, lungs, muscle, brain and heart. Total Hyp was highest in the liver, followed by kidney, spleen, brain, heart, muscle and lungs. Liver also had significantly high concentration of collagen as compared to other tissues examined (P<0.001). Spleen had the significantly higher concentration of soluble-collagen Hyp when compared to other tissues (P<0.001). This was followed by heart, muscle, lungs, brain, kidney and liver. Heart had the highest concentration of insoluble-collagen Hyp followed by lungs, kidney, liver, muscle, spleen and brain. The variation among the insoluble-collagen Hyp concentration of heart and muscle, spleen and brain was significant (P<0.001). We speculate that these differences could be due to the variation in turn over of rate of collagen metabolism in this species.

• Korean Journal of Transplantation
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.154-159
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• 2014

Background: Lung transplantation (LTx) is a life-saving treatment for patients with end-stage lung disease; however, the shortage of donor lungs has been a major limiting factor to increasing the number of LTx. Growing experience following LTx using donor lungs after cardiac death (DCD) has been promising, although concerns remain. The purpose of this study was to develop a DCD lung harvest model using an ex vivo lung perfusion (EVLP) system and to assess the function of presumably damaged lungs harvested from the DCD donor in pigs. Methods: The 40 kg pigs were randomly divided into the control group with no ischemic lung injury (n=5) and the study group (n=5), which had 1 hour of warm ischemic lung injury after cardiac arrest. Harvested lungs were placed in the EVLP circuit and oxygen capacities (OC), pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR), and peak airway pressure (PAP) were evaluated every hour for 4 hours. At the end of EVLP, specimens were excised for pathologic review and wet/dry ratio. Results: No statistically significant difference in OC (P=0.353), PVR (P=0.951), and PAP (P=0.651) was observed in both groups. Lung injury severity score (control group vs. study group: 0.700±0.303 vs. 0.870±0.130; P=0.230) and wet/dry ratio (control group vs. study group: 5.89±0.97 vs. 6.20±0.57; P=0.560) also showed no statistically significant difference between the groups. Conclusions: The function of DCD lungs assessed using EVLP showed no difference from that of control lungs without ischemic injury; therefore, utilization of DCD lungs can be a new option to decrease the number of deaths on the waiting list.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• v.4 no.3
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• pp.219-226
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• 2000

In order to elucidate the role of platelet activating factor (PAF) in the acute lung injury induced by endotoxin (ETX), activities of phospholipase A2, lyso PAF acetyltransferase and oxidative stress by neutrophilic respiratory burst were probed in the present study. To induce acute lung injury, $100\;{\mu}g$ of E.coli ETX (type 0127; B8) was instilled directly into the tracheae of Sprague-Dawley rats. Five hours after the ETX instillation, induction of acute lung injury was confirmed by lung leak index and protein contents in the bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid. At the same time, lung phospholipase A2 (PLA2) activity and expression of group I and II secretory type PLA2 were examined. In these acutely injured rats, ketotifen fumarate, known as lyso PAF acetyltransferase inhibitor and mepacrine were administered to examine the role of PAF in the pathogenesis of the acute lung injury. To know the effect of the ETX in the synthesis of the PAF in the lungs, lyso PAF acetyltransferase activity and PAF content in the lungs were measured after treatments of ETX, ketotifen fumarate and mepacrine. In addition, the role of neutrophils causing the oxidative stress after ETX was examined by measuring lung myeloperoxidase (MPO) and enumerating neutrophils in the BAL fluid. To confirm the oxidative stress in the lungs, pulmonary contents of malondialdehyde (MDA) were measured. After instillation of the ETX in the lungs, lung leak index increased dramatically (p＜0.001), whereas mepacrine and ketotifen decreased the lung leak index significantly (p＜0.001). Lung PLA2 activity also increased (p＜0.001) after ETX treatment compared with control, which was reversed by mepacrine and ketotifen (p＜0.001). In the examination of expression of group I and II secretory PLA2, mRNA synthesis of the group II PLA2 was enhanced by ETX treatment, whereas ketotifen and WEB 2086, the PAF receptor antagonist, decreased the expression. The activity of the lysoPAF acetyltransferase increased (p＜0.001) after treatment of ETX, which implies the increased synthesis of PAF by the remodelling of lysoPAF in the lungs. Consequently, the contents of the PAF in the lungs were increased by ETX compared with control (p＜0.001), while mepacrine (p＜0.001) and ketotifen (p＜0.01) decreased the synthesis of the PAF in the lungs of ETX treated rats. The infiltration of the neutrophils was confirmed by measuring and enumerating lung MPO and the neutrophils in the BAL fluid respectively. Compared with control, ETX increased lung MPO and number of neutrophils in BAL significantly (p＜0.001) whereas mepacrine and ketotifen decrerased number of neutrophils (p＜0.001) and MPO (p＜0.05, p＜0.001, respectively). The lung MDA contents were also increased (p＜0.001) by ETX treatment, but treatment with mepacrine (p＜0.001) and ketotifen (p＜0.01) decreased the lung MDA contents. Collectively, we conclude that ETX increases PLA2 activity, and that the subsequently increased production of PAF was ensued by the remodelling of the lyso PAF resulting in tissue injury by means of oxidative stress in the lungs.