• Applied Microscopy
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.101-111
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• 1985

A study was undertaken to observe the distribution and ultrastructure of the sensory papillae of the liver and lung flukes which was obtained from experimentally infected rats and dogs. For this study, the rats were artificially infected with metacercariae isolated from Pseudorasbora parve, and the dogs were artificially infected with metacercariae isolated from Cambaroides similis. The liver flukes (Clonorchis sinensis) were collected from the bile ducts of the rats which were autopsied 5 weeks later since infection. The lung flukes (Paragonimus westermani) were collected from the lung of the dogs which were autopsied 3 months later since infection. With the collected worms, ultrastructure of sensory papillae was studied by means of a scanning and transmission electron microscope. The liver flukes were compared with the lung flukes. The results of the observation are as follows. 1. The sensory papillae of the liver flukes was classified into 3 types and most of sensory papillae were distributed on the oral sucker. 2. The sensory papillae of the lung flukes were distinguished 8 types. The sensory papilla type VIII was specifically distributed on the oral sucker and type I, II were distributed on the tegumental surface of the worm. The sensory papillae of the lung flukes were mostly observed between oral sucker and ventral sucker of the worm excusively 3. The sensory papillae of the liver flukes were distributed around the sucker while those of the lung flukes were developed between spine. 4. The sensory papillae were formed by many tegumental ridge in the liver flukes while was made of many small sensory papillae in the lung flukes. 5. The sensory cilia were observed between tegumental ridges in the sensory papilla of the liver flukes and also in lung flukes. And they are alike in that respect. 6. The sensory papillae were not developed in the posterior part of the liver and lung flukes but mostly nerve endings were formed in the tegumental syncytium, and it was connected with neuropile.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.177-182
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• 1983

In order to clarify the effect of the unilateral pneumonectomy on the compensatory growth of the residual lung, liver and kidney, and serum electrophoresis pattern, right lung pneumonectomy was performed on rabbits under general anesthesia with pentobarbital sodium. On the fifth day after the surgery, the weight of the residual lung, liver and bilateral kidneys was measured and organ weight-body weight ratio was calculated. And in an attempt to know whether the cells in the liver and the kidney were proliferated by unilateral pneumonectomy, DNA content was determined. The quantity(g/100 ml) of serum protein was determined also and serum electrophoresis was performed on cellulose acetate membrane. The results obtained are summarized as following. The weight of the residual lung and lung weight-body weight ratio was significantly increased respectively. The weight of the liver and organ weight-body weight ratio were not changed but the DNA content of the liver and kidney tissue increased significantly, illustrating that unilateral pneumonectomy caused cellular hyperplasia in the liver and in the kidney as well as in the residual lung. The quantity(g/100 ml) of serum protein was significantly increased and in the analysis of the electrophoregram, there was significant difference between the normal and pneumonectomy group. Taken together, these results indicate that unilateral pneumonectomy caused the compensatory hyperplasia of the liver, the kidney and the residual lung as well as the change of electro-phoretic pattern. And it also suggests that a humoral factor, which proliferates the cells in the residual lung, the liver and the kidney, existed in the pneumonectomized rabbits.

• Journal of Sasang Constitutional Medicine
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.164-175
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• 2008

1. Objective The purpose of this study is to investigate the anti-aging and anti-oxidant effects of Bopyewon-tang(BPW) in Liver and Lung cell. 2. Methods This experiment was used the tissue of liver and lung cells of 6, 52 and 68 weeks old SD rats. Each age group was again divided into three groups. One group, as normal group, was not-treated cells, another group, as control group, was saline-treated cells, and the last group, as experimental group, was BPW -treated cells. After culture for 48 hours, each groups measured the level of SOD, GSH, MDA and NO in the tissue of liver and lung cells. 3. Results and Conclusion 1. The activity of SOD in liver of in 52 w-BPW group, 68 w-BPW group, and in lung of 68 w-BPW were significantly increased in comparison with those of the normal groups. 2. The levels of NO in liver of in 68 w-BPW group was significantly decreased in comparison with those of the normal groups. 3. The levels of MDA in lung of in 68 w-BPW group was significantly decreased in comparison with those of the normal groups.

• The Korean Journal of Nuclear Medicine
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.33-39
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• 1983

Sixty-nine patients with diffuse lung uptake of $^{99m}Tc-tin$ colloid were evaluated to determine the kinds of associated diseases, the incidence of associated liver scan abnormalities, and prognosis. The results were as follows: 1) Diseases associated with diffuse lung uptake included malignancies in 31 patients, infectious diseases in 19, chronic liver diseases in 14, and others in 5. It appeared that the marked degree of lung uptake was associated with severe diseases. 2) Thirty-one of the 69 patients(45%) had abnormal liver size, 43(62%) had space occupying lesions or nonhomogeneity in liver image, 37(54%) had splenomegaly and 45(65%) had increased splenic uptake. Increased bone marrow uptake was found in 48(70%) and renal uptake in 15(22%). As the degree of lung uptake increased, there was a statistically significant (p<0.05) tendency for the incidences of the abnormal liver image and renal uptake to increase. 3) Sixty-two of the 69 patients were followed up for one to 439 days(mean 44 days) after liver scanning. Eleven(18%) were dead, 10(16%) were aggravated, and 13(21%) were improved. Most of improved patients had infectious diseases. It appeared that diffuse lung uptake of $^{99m}Tc-Tn$ colloid was found in the various diseases including malignancies, infections, and chronic liver diseases, and that it was strongly associated with other liver scan abnormalities, but was not necessarily associated with a poor prognosis, particularly when underlying diseases were infections.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.37-46
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• 1974

52 cases of metastatic lung tumor, including 22 [42.3%] choriocarcinoma., 13[25%] liver cancer, 6 [7.5%] stomach cancer, 2 bone tumor, etc, were reviewed at Busan National University Hospital, during a 5 year period ending with 1974. The age distribution of metastatic lung tumor were same in second decade to 5th decade. The most common appearances of roentgenograms of metastatic lung tumor were that of multinodular [42.3%], diffuse acinar [21.1%],infiltrative or pneumonic[21.1%], solitary lesion [9.6%] and diffuse micronodular [5.7%]. The metastatic lesions originated from choriocarcinoma revealed multinodular and acinar in roentgenogram, and the lesions originated from liver and stomach cancer revealed infiltrative and acinar. In our series, the positive hilar lymph node enlargement was encountered in 12 cases, of which 4 were in liver cancer and 3 were in stomach cancer. Pleural effusion was also encountered in 5 cases, of which 3 were in liver cancer. The treatment of this series was almost conservative except of 2 cases of pulmonary resection, and the reason of this limited cases of surgical treatment was seemed due to the delayed direction of metastasis to lung beyond the proper indication of surgery.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.44 no.6
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• pp.1396-1402
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• 1997

Epithelioid Hemangioendothelioma(EH) is a rare vascular tumor, originating from endothelial cells. The principal locations are lung, soft tissue, bone and liver. This tumor is of borderline malignancy, relatively benign course. In the lung, the tumor is often multifocal, bilateral and frequently lead to the mistaken diagnosis of metastatic carcinoma. Although EH of the lung is relatively slow growing tumor, extensive pulmonary involvement, systemic metastasis, mainly to the liver have been documented. A 26-year-old man with EH involving the lung and liver was reported. Chest X-ray and chest CT showed multiple nodules in both lung fields and Abdominal CT multiple round low densities in liver. Transbronchial lung biopsy was performed. The patient diagnosed as EH by light microscopic finding and immunohistochemical study for Factor VIII-related antigen.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.39 no.6
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• pp.654-660
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• 1995

The present study was attempted to investigate the mechanism of oxidative cellular injuries which occur in diabetic rats by determining changes of antioxidant enzymes activity in the lung of alloxan-induced diabetic rats, the contents of glutathione in the lung, liver, blood samples, and ${\gamma}$-glutamylcysteine synthetase activities in the liver. Superoxide dismutase activities (SOD), including Cu, Zn-SOD and Mn-SOD, decreased in the lung of diabetic rats compared with those of normal control rats. However, activities of catalase and glutathione peroxidase(GPX) activities were not affected in the lung of diabetic rats. In diabetic rats, glutathione contents in the lung, liver, and blood samples, as well as the activities of ${\gamma}$-glutamylcysteine synthetase in the livers which is known to be the key enzyme of glutatione biosynthesis, decreased significantly. From these experimental results, it is thought that the decrease in SOD activities in the lung, glutathione contents and ${\gamma}$-glutamylcysteine synthetase activities in some tissues in alloxan-induced diabetic rats may be the crucial cause of vullnerability to oxidative cellular injuries.

• IMMUNE NETWORK
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• v.11 no.6
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• pp.309-323
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• 2011

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a class of naturally occurring small non-coding RNAs of about 22 nucleotides that have recently emerged as important regulators of gene expression at the posttranscriptional level. Recent studies provided clear evidence that microRNAs are abundant in the lung, liver and kidney and modulate a diverse spectrum of their functions. Moreover, a large number of studies have reported links between alterations of miRNA homeostasis and pathological conditions such as infectious diseases, sickle cell disease and endometrium diseases as well as lung, liver and kidney diseases. As a consequence of extensive participation of miRNAs in normal functions, alteration and/or abnormalities in miRNAs should have importance in human diseases. Beside their important roles in patterning and development, miRNAs also orchestrated responses to pathogen infections. Particularly, emerging evidence indicates that viruses use their own miRNAs to manipulate both cellular and viral gene expression. Furthermore, viral infection can exert a profound impact on the host cellular miRNA expression profile, and several RNA viruses have been reported to interact directly with cellular miRNAs and/or to use these miRNAs to augment their replication potential. Here I briefly summarize the newly discovered roles of miRNAs in various human diseases including infectious diseases, sickle cell disease and enodmetrium diseases as well as lung, liver and kidney diseases.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.11-14
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• 1971

In an attempt to observe possible effects of ether and halothane anesthesia on the protein contents of the lung and liver of rabbits, the animal was subjected to the moderato anesthesia with either ether or halothane by non-rebreathing system for one hour, and the protein content of the lung and liver was measured by the method of Lowry et at. using Folin-phenol reagent. The comparison was made with the protein content from the normal rabbits, and the following results were obtained. l) The protein contents of the lung and liver of the normal rabbit were $45.0{\sim}11.5\;mg/gm$ wet wt. and $100.4{\sim}15.1\;mg/gm$ wet wt. respectively. 2) In the ether or halothane anesthesized group, the protein contents of the lung were $57.2{\sim}13.3\;and\;60.3{\sim}7.2$ respectively. 3) In the anesthesia groups with ether and halothane, the protein contents of the liver were $103.4{\sim}10.0\;and\;90.1{\sim}13.0$ respectively. 4) No significant difference in the protein contents of the lung and liver was observed after ether or halothane anesthesia comparing with the normal.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.32 no.2
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• pp.149-159
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• 2022

Cancers of the lung and liver are the top 10 leading causes of cancer death worldwide. Thus, it is essential to identify the genes specifically expressed in these two cancer types to develop new therapeutics. Although many messenger RNA (mRNA) sequencing data related to these cancer cells are available due to the advancement of next-generation sequencing (NGS) technologies, optimized data processing methods need to be developed to identify the novel cancer-specific genes. Here, we conducted an analytical comparison between Bowtie2, a Burrows-Wheeler transform-based alignment tool, and Kallisto, which adopts pseudo alignment based on a transcriptome de Bruijn graph using mRNA sequencing data on normal cells and lung/liver cancer tissues. Before using cancer data, simulated mRNA sequencing reads were generated, and the high Transcripts Per Million (TPM) values were compared. mRNA sequencing reads data on lung/liver cancer cells were also extracted and quantified. While Kallisto could directly give the output in TPM values, Bowtie2 provided the counts. Thus, TPM values were calculated by processing the Sequence Alignment Map (SAM) file in R using package Rsubread and subsequently in python. The analysis of the simulated sequencing data revealed that Kallisto could detect more transcripts and had a higher overlap over Bowtie2. The evaluation of these two data processing methods using the known lung cancer biomarkers concludes that in standard settings without any dedicated quality control, Kallisto is more effective at producing faster and more accurate results than Bowtie2. Such conclusions were also drawn and confirmed with the known biomarkers specific to liver cancer.