• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제15권22호
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• pp.9611-9614
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• 2014

Purpose: To investigate the clinical value in lung cancer of a combination of four serum tumor markers, haptoglobin (Hp), carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), neuron specific enolase (NSE) as well as the cytokeratin 19 fragment (CYFRA21-1). Materials and Methods: Serum Hp (with immune-turbidimetric method), CEA, NSE, CYFRA21-1 (with chemiluminescence method) level were assessed in 193 patients with lung cancer, 87 patients with benign lung disease and 150 healthy controls. Differences of expression were compared among groups, and joint effects of these tumor markers for the diagnosis of lung cancer were analyzed. Results: Serum tumor marker levels in patients with lung cancer were obviously higher than those with benign lung disease and normal controls (p<0.01). The sensitivities of Hp, CEA, NSE and CYFRA21-1 were 43.5%, 40.9%, 23.3% and 41.5%, with specificities of 90.7%, 99.2%, 97.9% and 97.9%. Four tumor markers combined together could produce a positive detection rate of 85.0%, significantly higher than that of any single test. With squamous carcinomas, the positive detection rates with Hp and CYFRA21-1 were higher than that of other markers. In the adenocarcinoma case, the positive detection rate of CEA was higher than that of other markers. For small cell carcinomas, the positive detection rate of NSE was highest. The area under receiver operating characteristic curve ($AUC^{ROC}$) of Hp in squamous carcinoma (0.805) was higher than in adenocarcinoma (0.664) and small cell carcinoma (0.665). Conclusions: Hp can be used as a new serum tumor marker for lung cancer. Combination detection of Hp, CEA, NSE and CYFRA21-1 could significantly improve the sensitivity and specificity in diagnosis of lung cancer, and could be useful for pathological typing.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제21권3호
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• pp.417-423
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• 2011

사이모신 베타 4와 관련 단백질인 HIF-$1{\alpha}$ 및 VEGF의 발현을 여러 인간 암 조직에서 tissue microarray를 사용하여 조사하였다. 사이모신 베타 4는 골육중, 대장 선암, 식도 편평세포암, 신장 및 방광의 이행세포암, 폐암 및 간암에서 많이 발현되었으며 HIF-$1{\alpha}$은 비강 역위성 유두종, 폐암 및 식도 편평세포암에서 강한 발현을 보였으며 대체로 발현되는 양상이나 위치가 사이모신 베타 4와 일치하는 것으로 관찰되었다. VEGF는 암 조직에서보다 암조직에 분포된 혈관내피에서 강하게 발현되는 양상을 나타내었으며 암세포에서는 사이모신 베타 4나 HIF-$1{\alpha}$에 비해 강하게 발현되지 않았다. 위암, 간 혈관육종, 담낭 선암과 자궁 내막 선암에서 적당 수준의 VEGF 발현이 관찰되었으며 VEGF의 발현 양상 및 위치는 위암, 골육종, 지방종, 폐암, 간암, 담낭 선암, 식도 편평세포암, 대장 및 직장암, 신세포암을 포함하는 특정 암에서 사이모신 베타 4 및 HIF-$1{\alpha}$와 일치하는 것으로 관찰되었다.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제14권4호
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• pp.324-330
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• 1981

This is a clinical evaluation of 43 primary lung cancer partients who were admitted at Chest Surgery department of Jeonbug National University Hospital from January 1975 to June 1980. The ratio of male to female was 13: 1 and the age at the time of diagnosis is peak during fourth and fifth decade. The major symptoms were cough, chest pain or discomfort, bloody sputum, and dyspnea. Histological diagnosis was squamous cell carcinoma in 30%, undifferentiate cell carcinoma in 23%, adenocarcinoma in 7%, alveolar cell carcinoma in 9% and undetermined histologic type in 30%. The most frequently involved lobe of primary lung cancer was both upper lobe bronchus and the next was stem bronchus. Only six among the 43 cases who had sputum cytology were positive for malignant cell and eleven among the 16 cases who had bronch oscopy perform were histologically malignancy. Among 43 cases, 15 cases were inoperable, 5 cases refused to operation and the operation was per. formed in 23 cases. Seventeen of the 23 cases with operation had resection, 6 with pneumonectomy, 9 with lobectomy and 2 with partial resection, and the others were unresectable.

• 대한세포병리학회지
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.17-23
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• 2001

To evaluate the role of sputum and bronchial washing for the diagnosis of lung carcinoma, we studied the sensitivity of both cytologic techniques using the biopsy confirmed cases from 228 patients. Among them, 123 cases were squamous cell carcinomas, 42 cases were adenocarcinomas, 48 cases were small cell carcinomas, one case was large cell carcinoma, and 14 cases were other types of carcinoma including poorly differentiated carcinomas. Three hundreds and ninety two sputa and 173 sputa were obtained in the pre- and post-bronchoscopic periods. Bronchial washing had been taken once in each patient. The overall sensitivity of the sputum cytology was 0.52 and that of the bronchial washing 0.63, while it increased to 0.83 when a combination of both techniques. Squamous cell carcinomas were diagnosed to the great extent in which sensitivities were 0.59 and 0.74, in sputum and bronchial washing, respectively. The post-bronchoscopic sputa showed higher sensitivity (0.44) than pre-bronchoscopic sputa (0.30). The sensitivity on sputa increased from 0.34 to 0.49 when three samples were examined compared to the single examination. The accuracy of cell typing was 94.0% in sputa and 93.8% In bronchial washing. Repeated sputum examination including post-bronchoscopic sputa is warranted to Improve sensitivity and a complementary role of both cytologlc techniques can be postulated by these data.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제22권5호
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• pp.800-805
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• 1989

The roentgenologic appearance of carcinoma of the lung may vary considerably from case to case. And when it forms cavitary lesion, it is frequently confused with benign lesions and treated conservatively. Twenty-seven patients with cavitary bronchogenic carcinoma were treated in our St. Marys Hospital during the period 1984-1989. There were 24 males and 3 females. They ranged in age from 43 to 76 years. Symptoms of cough, blood-streaked sputum or pleuritic chest pain were present in all patients one month to 6 months before hospital admission and 7 patients among them were delayed in recognition of the malignancy from z month to 3 months. Of 27 malignancies with cavity, 22[81.5 %] were squamous cell ca., 3[11.1%] were large cell ca., and 2[7.4%] were adenoca. And of 22 squamous cell carcinomas, 5 were well differentiated, 13 were moderately and 4 were poorly. All lobes except Rt. middle lobe were involved [RUL 2 cases, RLL 13 cases, LUL 3 cases and LLL 9 cases]. We explored 16 patients and performed 7 lobectomy, 4 bi-lobectomy, 2 pneumonectomy and 3 08zC. Post-operative follow-up examination of the resected 13 patients indicated one and two year survival rates of 69.1 %[9/13 cases] and 37.5%[3/8 cases] respectively, and now 6 survivors whose post-operative periods were from 4 months to 37 months.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• 제45권3호
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• pp.565-573
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• 1998

연구배경: 악성 흉막 삼출증은 폐암에 합병되는 경우가 가장 흔하지만 그 외에 유방암, 난소암, 위암등에서도 호발하며 조직학적 아형에 따라 나누면 선암이 가장 흔하며 편평상피세포암이 악성 흉막 삼출을 일으키는 경우는 매우 드물다고 보고되어왔다. 연자들은 악성 흉막 삼출증의 조직학적 아형에 따른 빈도와 흉수의 특징을 분석하였다. 방 법: 1992년 1월부터 1997년 5월까지 서울대학교 병원에서 흉수의 세포진 검사나 경피적 혹은 흉강경을 이용한 흉막 조직 검사 결과 악성 흉막삼출증로 확인된 84예의 환자를 대상으로 하여 조직 표본과 의무기록을 통해 조직학적 아형을 구분하고 임상적 양상과 생화학적 지표 등을 조사하고 생존기간을 분석하였다. 결 과: 총 84명의 대상 환자 중 남자 52명, 여자 32명으로 남녀 성비는 1.6:1이었고 연령의 중앙값은 56세였다. 환자의 주 증상은 호흡곤란이 42명으로 가장 흔했고 기침과 객담, 흉막성 흉통 등의 순서였으며 평균 생존 기간은 6.4개월이었다. 그 중 혈성 흉수의 빈도는 66%. 림프구 우위성은 39%, 삼출성 흉수는 93%였고 조직학적 아형은 선암 54예(33예가 폐암), 편평상피세포암 10예 (8예가 폐암), 악성림프종 10예, 소세포암 8예 그리고 악성 중피종과 백혈병이 각각 1예였고 각각의 혈성 흉수, 림프구 우위성, 삼출성 흉수의 빈도는 별다른 차이가 없었으며 생화학적 수치의 차이도 관찰되지 않았다. 악성 흉막 삼출을 일으킨 원인 질환은 폐암이 49예로 가장 많았고 그외 원발 부위 불명확 악성 종양 7예, 위암, 유방암이 각각 5예, 담관암이 3예 그리고 난소암, 급성 백혈병, 악성 중피종이 각각 1예 씩 이었고 각각의 혈성 흉수, 림프구 우위성, 삼출성 흉수의 빈도, 생화학적 지표의 차이도 역시 관찰되지 않았다. 결 론: 같은 시기의 서울대학교병원의 폐암의 조직학적 아형의 빈도가 편평상피세포암 47%, 선암 33%, 소세포암 12%, 대세포암 2%인 것과 비교해보면 선암에서 악성 흉악 삼출증이 호발하며 편평 상피 세포암에서는 상대적으로 드물다는 것을 확인할 수 있었고 악성 흉막 삼출증 환자를 조직학적 아형이나 원발 악성 질환에 따라 분류하였을 때 혈성 흉수, 림프구 우위성, 삼출성 흉수의 빈도의 차이는 없었다.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제27권11호
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• pp.922-929
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• 1994

This research represents an attempt to study the postoperative results among 32 patients who underwent complete resections of primary lung and involved mediastinal lymph nodes between January 1988 and June 1993. Ages ranged from 34 to 73 years with a mean age of 51.31 $\pm$ 8.17 years. There were 29 male patients[90.6%]. Left lung cancers were more frequent than right lung cancers. There were 19 cases of left lung cancers accounting for 59.4% of the total lung cancers. The difference, however, was insignificant. There was no T1 lesion. T2 and T3 lesions were 21[65.6%] and 11 cases[34.4%], respectively. As for cell type, squamous cell carcinomas were reported in 25 cases making up 78.1% of the cell types. Pneumonectomy was conducted on 20[62.5%] cases. Lobectomy and sleeve lobectomy were conducted on 12[37.5%] cases respectively. Mediastinal lymph node involvemednts were most frequent in subcarinal lymph node[9/13] among right lung cancers, while subaortic lymph noce[12/19] was most frequent among left lung cancers. Postoperative complications were reported in 18.9% of the total cases, including 2 cases each of paralysis of the recurrent laryngeal nerve and 1 case each of chylothorax and pyothorax. They were more frequent among patients who underwent pneumonectomy. The operative mortality stood at 3.1% with 1 patient who underwent pneumonectomy dying of pulmonary edema. The 1-year and 5-year survival rates were 50.8% and 30.1%, respectively. Patients treated with squamous cell carcinoma, involvement of single level mediastinal lymph node and lobectomy showed a higher level of survival. These fidings suggest that a long-term survival can be expected of a considerable number of N2 non-small cell lung cancer patients with a selective complete surgical resection of primary lung cancers involved mediastinal lymph nodes.

• 대한세포병리학회지
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• 제6권1호
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• pp.41-47
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• 1995

Two hundred and twenty one consecutive patients with enlarged lymph nodes of the neck were diagnosed as metastatic carcinoma by fine needle aspiration. The metastatic carcinomas were most frequent in the supraclavicular lymph nodes (p<0.05). As a primary site, lung, stomach, upper respiratory tract and breast were commonly involved in descending order of frequency. Overall, squamous cell carcinoma was the most common in males (43%) while adenocarcinoma was the most common in females (72%) (p<0.05). While carcinomas of the esophago-gastro-intestinal tract showed a tendency to metastasize to the left supraclavicular lymph nodes, metastatic carcinomas of the lung and breast usually metastasized to the same side as that of the primary cancer with a predilection for the supraclavicular lymph nodes. The submandibular lymph nodes were frequently involved by carcinoma of the upper and lower respiratory tract, in which squamous cell carcinoma was the most prevalent cytologic type. Diagnosis by fine needle aspiration cytology is the first step in the workup of patients with nodal enlargement suspicious for malignancy, particularly in metastatic carcinoma.

• 대한세포병리학회지
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• 제6권2호
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• pp.116-124
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• 1995

Eighty cases of malignant effusion were cytologically studied to elucidate the incidence of primary tumor site and cytologic characteristics of each tumor types. Eighty fluid specimens were composed of 43 ascitic, 35 pleural, and 2 pericardial effusion and primary tumor site had been confirmed by histology. The frequent primary sites were stomach(22 cases, 28%), lung(21 cases, 26%), ovary(11 cases, 14%), liver(7 cases, 9%), and breast (4 cases, 5%). The principal malignant tumors were adenocarcinoma (56 cases, 70%), squamous cell carcinoma (7 cases, 9%), liver cell carcinoma (7 cases, 9%), small cell carcinoma (4 cases, 5%), and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (4 cases, 5%). The distinctive cytologic findings according to primary tumor types were as follows; the gastric adenocarcinomas were mainly characterized by isolated cells and irregular clusters sometimes with signet ring cells. Papillary serous cystadenocarcinoma of ovary showed frequently papillary clusters and occasional psammoma bodies. Breast carcinoma of ductal type showed cell balls with smooth margins. Colonic adenocarcinoma showed rather irregular clusters or palisading pattern of cylindrical cells. Metastatic squamous cell carcinoma, liver cell carcinoma, small cell carcinoma, and non-Hodgkln's lymphoma showed also characteristic features. These findings Indicate that the cytological features observed in the great majority of malignant effusion are similar to those of primary tumor types, which are very helpful to indentify the primary tumor site.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• 제70권4호
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• pp.315-322
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• 2011

Background: A variety of diagnostic modalities for lung cancer have been developed. To achieve efficient and early detection of lung cancer, we tried to measure the expression rates of the melanoma associated gene (MAGE) and synovial sarcoma on X chromosome (SSX) genes. Methods: We designed primers for the SSX gene. In addition to the pre-developed MAGE A primer, using an SSX gene primer was attempted to increase the detection rate. We obtained cancer tissues and cancer-free lung tissues from resected lung, sputum from lung cancer patients who had not undergone surgery, and sputum from healthy people and patients with benign intrathoracic diseases. Results: The sensitivity of the MAGE or SSX gene RT-PCR to identifying cancer tissue of the 69 lung cancer patients was 95.2% for squamous cell carcinoma (scc), 87.0% for adenocarcinoma, and 100% for small cell carcinoma. The mean sensitivity value was 94.2% (p=0.001). For adenocarcinoma, the additional use of the SSX gene resulted in a higher expression rate than MAGE alone (87% vs. 69.6%). The expression rate for the cancer-free lung tissue was 14.3% in scc, 17.4% in adenocarcinoma, and 25.0% in small cell carcinoma. In the induced sputum of 49 lung cancer patients who had not undergone surgery, the expression rate for one of the two genes was 65.5%. The expression rate for the sputum of healthy people and benign intrathoracic diseases by MAGE or SSX gene reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was 3.8% and 17.7%. Conclusion: Detecting lung cancer using the expression of MAGE and SSX genes in lung cancer tissue has high sensitivity.