• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.30 no.5
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• pp.921-927
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• 2001

This study was performed to investigated the effects on the cytotoxicity and antigenotoxicity of Cordyceps militaris extracts on the human cancer cell lines. The ethanol extract and five fractions which were hexane, chloroform, ethylacetate, butanol and aqueous were screened for crytotoxicity on human lung carcinoma(A549). human breast adenocarcinoma (MCF-7) human epitheloid carcinoma(HeLa), human fibrosarcoma(HT1080) human hepatocellular carcinoma(Hep3B), human gastric carcinoma(KATOIII) and chronic myelogenous leukemia(K562) cell by SRB and MTT assays. The results showed that growth inhibition rates of the human cancer cell in the presence of Cordyceps militaris were inhibited with increasing concentration of the extract. The ethanol extract from Cordyceps militaris had strong inhibitory effects in1 mg/mL treatment by SRB assay , showing 89.4%, 85.7%, 72.9% and 65.5% inhibition in HT1080, HeLa, Hep3B and A549, respectively. The treatment of 1 mg/mL hexane fraction by SRB assay had the strongest cytotoxicity with 97.0% on HT1080 followed by MCF-7(92.9%) and HeLA(90.3%). The inhibition ration on KATOIII by MTT assay was much higher in the butanol (83.7%) and aqueous (80.4%) than in the ethanol extract (61.5%) And also, K562 showed similar tendency with KATOIII. The effects of Cordyceps militaris extracts on the frequencies of micronucleated polychromatic erythrocytes (MNPCEs) induced by N-methyl-N-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidime(MNNG) were investigated in the bone-marrow cells of ICR male mice. The amount of 10, 20, 40 and 80 mg/kg of each extract were administered to animals immediately after injection of MNNG, and the exposure time was 36 hours. Significant reductions(p<0.05) with 39.7%, 52.7%, 71.4% and 83.9% were observed in the frequencies of MNPCE when 10, 20, 40 and 80 mg/kg of the hexane fraction of Coryceps militarus extracts were given to the mice.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.44 no.4
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• pp.516-523
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• 2015

This study investigated the antimutagenic and anticancer effects of Platycodon grandiflorum extract (PGE) and its fractions against carcinogenic N-nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA) and genotoxicity. The Ames Salmonella mutagenicity test employing histidine mutants of Salmonella Typhimurium TA98 and TA100 was used to examine the mutagenicity of PGE and its fractions. Bacterial reversion assay with S. Typhimurium TA98 and TA100 did not show a significantly increased number of revertant colonies. The same test was used to examine the ability of PGE and its fractions to prevent acquisition of N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine- and 4-introquino-line-1-oxide-induced mutations. PGE and its fractions inhibited mutagenesis in a dose-dependent manner. Among the fractions, ethyl acetate fraction from PGE (PGEA) exhibited a higher antimutagenic effect than other fractions. PGE and its fractions suppressed the growth of cancer cell lines, including human cervical adenocarcinoma, human hepatocellular carcinoma, human breast adenocarcinoma, human lung carcinoma, and transformed primary human embryonic kidney cells. In addition, we evaluated the antitumor activity of PGEA and its fractions in sacorma-180 solid tumor-bearing mice. In vivo anticancer activity results showed that PGE and its fractions could more effectively suppress tumor growth than the control. PGEA showed higher in vitro and in vivo anticancer effects than PGE and other fractions, and PGEA inhibited NDMA formation. Thus, we showed that PGEA has antimutagenic and anticancer activities, making it a candidate anticancer material under these experimental conditions.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.16 no.5
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• pp.746-749
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• 2006

Two known flavonoids, luteolin (1) and acacetin (2) were isolated from a $CHCI_3$ soluble fraction of the whole plants of Chrysanthemum zawadskii Herbich var. latilobum Kitamura, and their structures were determined by NMR analysis. The luteolin (1) was isolated from this plant for the first time. These compounds were examined for their in vitro cytotoxic activities against four human cancer cell lines including HCT116 (colon), UO-31 (renal), PC-3 (prostate) and A549 (lung) by sulforhodamine B(SRB) assay. Acacetin (2) showed significant cytotoxic activity against HCT116 and UO-31 cells with an $IC_{50}$ of 2.44 and $2.89\;{\mu}g/ml$, respectively.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.951-956
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• 2006

The purpose of this study is to prepare black ginseng and evaluate its antitumor activity. In order to achieve such aim, 5 year fresh ginsenges were steamed at 95'E for 3 hr in pottery apparatus and dried at $60^{\circ}C$ for 12-36 hr. This process was repeated again nine times in same condition. Among the ginseng saponins in black ginseng, the amount of Ginsenoside $Rg_3$ was examined by HPLC. 10.05 mE of Ginsenoside $Rg_3$ was obtained from 1 g of dried black ginseng prepared. The extract of black ginseng exhibited stronger cytotoxic activity against MCF-1, HT-1080 and Hepa 1C1C7 tumor cell lines in vitro than the extract of red ginseng. Also, the extract of black ginseng exhibited stronger antitumor activity(33%) in BDFl mice bearing Lewis lung carcinoma cells(LLC) than the extract of red ginseng(23%). From these results, it was concluded that Black ginseng had antitumor activity suggesting its application for the prevention and treatment of cancer.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.550-556
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• 2004

In the present study, we investigated the antimutagenic and cytotoxic effects of Acer ginnala Max. bark extract on S. typhimurium TA98, TA100 and cancer cell lines with Ames test and SRB assay, respectively. They were extracted with methanol and then fractionated using hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate, butanol, and water to obtain the fractions. The inhibition rate of methanol ($200\;{\mu}g/plate$) of Acer ginnala Max. bark extract in the Salmonella typhimurium TA100 strain showed $83.3\%$ against the mutagenesis induced by N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine (MNNG). In addition, the suppression of methanol extract with same concentration of in the Salmonella typhimurium TA98 and TA100 strains showed $80.3\%\;and\;92.7\%$ inhibition against 3-amino-1,4-dimethyl-5H-pyrido-(4,3-b)indol (Trp-P-1), respectively. The cytotoxicity effects of Acer ginnala Max. bark extract against the cell lines with human lung carcinoma (A549), human gastric carcinoma (AGS), human hepatocellular carcinoma (Hep3B) and human breast adenocarcinoma (MCF-7) were inhibited with the increase of the extract concentration. The treatment of 1.0 mg/mL Acer ginnala Max. bark methanol extract of methanol showed strong cytotoxicities of $77.3\%,\;90.4\%,\;88.9\%,\;and\;83.7\%$ against A549, AGS, Hep3B and MCF-7, respectively.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.38 no.1
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• pp.25-31
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• 2009

This study was carried out to investigate the mutagenic, antimutagenic, cytotoxicity and antitumor effects of Adenophora triphylla (AT). AT was extracted with 70% ethanol and then further fractionated to hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate, butanol and water. Antimutagenic, cytotoxicity and antitumor effects of AT extracts were measured by using Ames test, SRB method, and the tumor growth inhibition test. AT extracts did not show any mutagenicity in the Ames test; however, 70% ethanol extracts and its fractions had strong antimutagenic effects against mutation induced by N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine (MNNG) and 4-nitroquinoline-1-oxide (4NQO). The ethyl acetate fraction of AT (200 ${\mu}g$/plate) showed approximately 66.5% inhibitory effect on the mutagenesis induced by 4NQO against TA98 strain, whereas 83.3% and 75.1% inhibitions were observed on the mutagenesis induced by MNNG and 4NQO against TA100 strain. In anticancer effects, the cytotoxicity of AT extract and its fractions against cancer cell lines including human cervical adenocarcinoma (HeLa), human hepatocellular carcinoma (Hep3B), human breast adenocarcinoma (MCF-7), human gastric carcinoma (AGS), human lung carcinoma (A549) and transformed primary human embryo kidney (293) were investigated. The treatment of 1 mg/mL AT ethyl acetate faction had the highest cytotoxicity of 79.9%, 74.9%, 66.0%, 71.0% and 74.3% against HeLa, Hep3B, MCF-7, AGS and A549 cells, respectively. In contrast, the extract and its fractions showed only $3{\sim}36%$ cytotoxicity for a normal human kidney cell line (293). In vivo anti-cancer effect of Adenophora triphylla extract was tested using Balb/c mice transplanted sarcoma-180 cells. Adenophora triphylla ethyl acetate fraction showed the highest inhibition rate of 37.2% at the 50 mg/kg concentration.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.41 no.5
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• pp.552-559
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• 2009

In this study, the anticancer activity of the water extract at $100^{\circ}C$ was compared to that of the callus extracts via a ultrasonification extraction process. All the extracts were utilized to evaluate cytotoxicity, antioxidant and immune activities. The callus extracted via ultrasonification extraction showed relatively low cytotoxicity on normal human cell lines, HEK293 and HEL299, showing 13.17% and 21.78%, respectively. The callus extract has 59.82% which was similar to 61.70% for water extracts. It was also found that callus extract yielded higher nitric oxide secretion form macrophage than other extracts. The growths of both human stomach adenocarcinoma (AGS) cell and human lung carcinoma (A549) were inhibited up to 70% by adding 1.0 mg/mL of the callus extracts with ultrasonification extraction. This inhibition ratio (70%) was almost close to that of water extract. Human hepatoma carcinoma (HEP3B) cell growth was most significantly inhibited up to 75% by adding 1.0 mg/mL of callus extracts, and its selectivity was highest compared to other extracts. It indicates that the callus extracts could selectively inhibit growth of digestive system-related cancer cells. It can be also concluded from the results of this study that the callus extracts associated with ultrasonification extraction process have the potential for anticancer activity.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.38 no.10
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• pp.1295-1301
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• 2009

This study was carried out to investigate the mutagenic, antimutagenic, cytotoxicity and antitumor effect of Codonopsis lanceolata (CL). CL was extracted with 70% ethanol and then further fractionated to hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate, butanol and water. Antimutagenic, cytotoxicity and antitumor effects of CL extracts were measured by using Ames test, SRB method, and the tumor growth inhibition test. CL extracts did not show any mutagenicity in the Ames test; however, 70% ethanol extracts and its fractions had strong antimutagenic effects against mutation induced by N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine (MNNG) and 4-nitroquinoline-1-oxide (4NQO). The ethyl acetate fraction of CL (200 ${\mu}g$/plate) showed approximately 72.1% inhibitory effect on the mutagenesis induced by 4NQO against TA98 strain, whereas 69.6% and 67.0% inhibitions were observed on the mutagenesis induced by MNNG and 4NQO against TA100 strain. In anticancer effects, the cytotoxicity of CL extract and its fractions against cancer cell lines including human cervical adenocarcinoma (HeLa), human hepatocellular carcinoma (HepG2), human breast adenocarcinoma (MCF-7), human lung carcinoma (A549) and transformed primary human embryo kidney (293) were investigated. The treatment of 1 mg/mL CL ethyl acetate fraction had the highest cytotoxicity of 74.5%, 70.7% and 80.3% against HeLa, MCF-7 and A549 cells, respectively. In contrast, the extract and its fractions showed only 2$\sim$31% cytotoxicity for a normal human kidney cell line (293). In vivo anticancer effect of CL extract was tested using Balb/c mice transplanted sarcoma-180 cells. CL ethyl acetate fraction showed the highest inhibition rate of 56.4% at the 50 mg/kg concentration.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.36 no.5
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• pp.515-520
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• 2007

This study was peformed to determine the antioxidative, antimutagenic and cytotoxic effects of the natural seasoning using Lentinus edodes powder (NSLP) by DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) free radical donating method, Ames test, and cytotoxicity, respectively. The scavenging effect on DPPH radical in ethyl acetate fraction of NSLP showed $155{\mu}g\;of\;RC_{50}$. The direct antimutagenic effects of ethanol extract and its solvent fractions of NSLP were examined by Ames test using Salmonella Typhimurium TA98 and TA100. In the Ames test, ethanol extract of NSLP alone did not exhibit any mutagenicity and most of the samples showed high antimutagenic effects against mutation induced by N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitroso guanidine (MNNG) and 4-nitroquinoline-1-oxide (4NQO). Ethyl acetate fraction of NSLP ($200{\mu}g/plate$) showed approximately 82% inhibitory effect on the mutagenesis induced by 4NQO against TA98 strain, whereas 84% and 80% inhibitions were observed on the mutagenesis induced by 4NQO and MNNG against TA100 strain. In anticancer effects of ethanol extract and its solvent fractions of NSLP against cancer cell lines including human lung carcinoma (A549), human breast adenocarcinoma (MCF-7), human hepatocellular carcinoma (Hep3B), human cervical adenocarcinoma (HeLa) and human gastric carcinoma (AGS) were investigated. The treatment of 1 mg/mL ethyl acetate fraction of NSLP showed strong cytotoxicity of 56.7%, 84.9%, 64.6%, 85.1% and 71.5% against A549, MCF-7, Hep3B, HeLa and AGS, respectively. In contrast 1 mg/mL treatment of NSLP extract and its solvent fractions had only $4{\sim}40%$ cytotoxicity on human transfomed primary embryonal kidney cell (293). From this result, it is suggested that NSLP is believed to have possible antioxidative, antimutagenic and anticancer capacities.

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.132-138
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• 2002

This study was performed to determine the antimutagenic and cytotoxic effect of ,Kalopanacis cortex endothelium. Methanol extract was used on Salmonella typhimurium TA98, TA100 and three cancer cell lines. In the Ames test, methanol extract of Kalopanacis cortex endothelium alone did not exhibit any mutagenicity but showed substantial inhibitory effects against mutation induced by 4-nitroquinoline-l-oxide(4NQO), N'-methyl- N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine(MNNG) and benzo(a)pyrene(B(a)P). The methanol extract of Kalopanacis cortex endothelium showed approximately 79.29% and 75.38% inhibitory effect on the mutagenesis induced by 4NQO and B(a)P, respectively, against TA98 strain. Whereas 79.49%, 89.3% and 68.85% inhibitions were observed on the mutagenesis induced by 4NQO, MNNG and B(a)P against TA100 strain. Methanol extracts from Kalopanacis cortex endothelium showed high antimutagenic effects against 4NQO, MNNG and B(a)P. The anticancer effects of methanol extract from Kalopanacis cortex endothelium against human lung carcinoma(A549), human breast adenocarcinoma (MCF-7) and human hepatocellular carcinoma(Hep3B) were investigated. The treatment of 0.5mg/ml Kalopanacis cortex endothelium methanol extracts had the highest cytotoxicity against A549(81.54%), followed by MCF-7(81.92%) and Hep3B (78.57%). In contrast 0.5mg/ml treatment of methanol extracts from Kalopanacis cortex endothelium had only $4{\sim}25%$ cytotoxicity on normal human liver cell(293).