• Safety and Health at Work
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.69-79
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• 2010

Objectives: Various cytokines induced by inhalation of coal dust may mediate inflammation and lead to tissue damage or fibrosis, such as coal workers' pneumoconiosis (CWP). Methods: To investigate the relevance of serum cytokines in CWP, the levels of serum interleukin-8 (IL-8) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-${\alpha}$) as CWP biomarkers in 110 retired coal miners (22 controls and 88 CWP subjects) were related to cross sectional findings and 1-year progressive changes of the pneumoconiosis. Progressive changes of CWP were evaluated by paired comparison of chest radiographs. Analysis by a receiver operating characteristic curve assessed the biomarker potential of each cytokine. Results: The mean serum IL-8 level was significantly higher in CWP compared to controls and IL-8 levels correlated with the degree of CWP. The median serum TNF-${\alpha}$ level was significantly higher in subjects with progressive CWP compared to subjects without CWP progression. The area under the ROC curve for IL-8 (0.70) and TNF-${\alpha}$ (0.72) for CWP identification and progression, respectively, indicated the biomarker potential of the two cytokines. Serum cutoff values of IL-8 and TNF-${\alpha}$ were 11.63 pg/mL(sensitivity, 69%; specificity, 64%) and 4.52 pg/mL (sensitivity, 67%; specificity, 79%), respectively. Conclusion: The results suggest that high levels of serum IL-8 are associated with the presence of CWP and those of serum TNF-${\alpha}$ are associated with the progression of CWP.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.82 no.2
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• pp.102-117
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• 2019

Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a chronic, progressive fibrosing interstitial pneumonia, which presents with a progressive worsening dyspnea, and thus a poor outcome. The members of the Korean Academy of Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases as well as the participating members of the Korea Interstitial Lung Disease Study Group drafted this clinical practice guideline for IPF management. This guideline includes a wide range of topics, including the epidemiology, pathogenesis, risk factors, clinical features, diagnosis, treatment, prognosis, and acute exacerbation of IPF in Korea. Additionally, we suggested the PICO for the use of pirfenidone and nintendanib and for lung transplantation for the treatment of patients with IPF through a systemic literature review using experts' help in conducting a meta-analysis. We recommend this guideline to physicians, other health care professionals, and government personnel in Korea, to facilitate the treatment of patients with IPF.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.44 no.5
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• pp.1194-1197
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• 1997

Radiological criteria such as smooth, sharply defined interface, obtuse angles between lesion and lung and intimate effect on mediastinal contents were usually used to differentiate mediastinal lesion from parenchymal lung lesion. Recently, we experienced a 60-year-old female presenting with anterior mediastinal mass with cavitation. Grossly it was proven to be peripheral lung cancer adjacent to mediastinum and microscopically it was squamous cell carcinoma. The gross pathological findings of surgical specimen were very well correlated with radiological findings. The unique location such as lung periphery and attachment to mediastinum led us to misdiagnosis of anterior mediastinal mass such as germ-cell tumor and neurogenic tumor.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.83 no.1
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• pp.14-19
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• 2020

Lung cancer remains the most common cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. Although there are many possible treatments, including targeted therapies such as epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors and anaplastic lymphoma kinase inhibitors, new therapeutic strategies are needed to improve clinical outcomes. Immunotherapy through the use of immune checkpoint inhibitors has provided one of the most important breakthroughs in the management of solid tumors, including lung cancers, and has shown promising results in numerous clinical trials. This review will present the current status of immunotherapy for lung cancer and future perspectives on these treatments.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.55 no.1
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• pp.107-112
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• 2003

A congenital cystic adenoid malformation of the lung(CCAM) is characterized by an anomalous fetal development of the terminal respiratory structures, resulting in the adenomatoid proliferation of the bronchiolar elements and cystic formation. CCAM has been detected on the fetus, premature babies and stillborn as well as infants and children. An adult presentation of CCAM is extremely rare. When cystic lesions occur with a repeated infection, an evaluation of the cystic lesions requires a differential diagnosis of CCAM, sequestration, a lung abscess, a pneumatocele and a bronchogenic cyst. The definite treatment of CCAM is the surgical removal of the involved lobe. We report a case of a CCAM in a 24-year-old female with a brief review of the relevant literature.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.1-8
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• 1972

On the study of surface activity in excized lung extracts of various pulmonary diseases, following facts were concluded. 1]The minimum surface tension measured in lung extracts of tuberculous tissue surrounding cavitary lesion was 26.3dyne/cm and its stability index was 0.53. 2]Macroscopically almost normal lung tissue at a distance of tuberculous lesion in same lobe revealed 21.3 dyne/cm of minimum surface tension in extracts and its stability index showed 0.66. This low surface activity may be due to the chronic pneumonitis microscopically. 3] In the atelectatic lung which had been collapsed by chronic empyema the extracts revealed much higher minimum surface tension in 27.3 dyne/cm and its stabillry index revealed the least value of 0.47 without correlation of duration of disease. This suggests that the longstanding collapsed lung may be soon collapsed even after mechanical full expansion because of lack of surfactant.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.43 no.6
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• pp.1042-1047
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• 1996

The Swyer-James syndrome is a relatively uncommon disease entity presented with unilateral hyperlucent lung due to hypoplasia of a pulmonary artery and bronchiectasis of the affected lung. The main finding is a hyperlucent lung with small hilar shadows on the chest X-ray. Pulmonary angiography is the standard method for diagnosis. We report a case of the Swyer-James syndrome with a brief review of literature.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.42 no.4
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• pp.605-609
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• 1995

Primary leiomyosarcoma of the lung is very uncommon, and fewer than 50 cases now have been reported. Primary leiomyosarcoma of the lung resembles bronchogenic carcinoma in its clinical presentation and radiologic appearance. However, the former has some differences; younger onset than bronchogenic carcinoma, polypoid endobronchial growth, few positive cytologic examination of sputum and unusual lymph node metastasis. We experienced a case of primary leiomyosarcoma of the lung.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.67 no.5
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• pp.395-401
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• 2009

As the prevalence of tuberculosis declines, the proportion of nontuberculous mycobacterial (NTM) lung disease is increasing in Korea. The combined use of liquid and solid media increases the sensitivity of mycobacterial culture and shortens culture time. Because NTMs are ubiquitous in the environment, NTM lung disease requires strict diagnostic criteria to prevent over-diagnosis of NTM lung disease. Mycobacterium avium complex is the most common pathogen of NTM lung disease in Korea and present in two forms: upper lobe cavitary and nodular bronchiectatic form. Decision of treatment of NTM lung disease depends on the infecting species and overall condition of the patient. Because medical therapy requires the use of multiple drugs over 18 to 24 months, surgery for localized disease may be useful for those species refractory to medical therapy.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.68 no.2
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• pp.55-61
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• 2010

Background: The underlying pathogenesis of fat embolism-induced acute lung injury (ALI) has not been elucidated. In the present study, the pathogenesis of fat embolism-induced ALI was probed in association with neutrophilic oxidative stress in oleic acid (OA)-induced ALI of S-D rats. Methods: OA was injected intravenously to provoke ALI in experimental rats. Five hours later, indices of ALI were measured to confirm the role of the neutrophilic respiratory burst. The effect of an inhibition of phospholipase A2 (PLA2) was also evaluated. Results: The accumulation of neutrophils in the lung due to OA caused increased neutrophilic oxidative stress in lung, which was ameliorated by mepacrine. What were the results from inhibition of PLA2. Conclusion: Excess neutrophilic oxidative stress contributes to OA-induced ALI, which is lessened by the inhibition of PLA2.