• Korean Journal of Applied Biomechanics
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• v.33 no.2
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• pp.73-83
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• 2023

Objective: Adolescent idiopathic scoliosis patients make up 40% of all scoliosis patients, and it is likely to increase even more because of the increase in sitting times due to the pandemic. Method: The subject of this study was a 16-year-old female student. The Cobb's Angle at initial value was 42° at the thoracic and 33° at the lumbar. The subject's height was 161.6 cm, and the type of scoliosis was 3CL. The brace was built with fabric materials with the size information from the X-ray information and actual measurements. The brace was made for the adolescents to wear for a longer time by making them put pressure on the same pressure points of the existing braces. The subjects were required to wear the device for 16 hours every day for three months. Additional features to check the pressure and time were synchronized through an app for easier communication and management with the responsible investigator. Results: After wearing the 3D Fabric brace, Cobb's angle changed from 42° to 33° at the thoracic and 33° to 23° at the lumbar. The ATR changed from 9° to 8° at the thoracic and 11° to 6° at the lumbar. As a result, the changes in the ATR angle do relate to the decrease of Cobb's angle, which made the angle of scoliosis that is bent in a three-dimensional way improve, making the height of the subject increase from 161.6 cm to 163.5 cm. Conclusion: Through this study, developing a brace that is made in the form of the 3CL to align the strap direction and putting pressure on the proper pressure points makes Cobb's angle and the ATR smaller. This means that there is a positive effect on the changes in height. A brace made of light fabric material is a good brace to help treat adolescent idiopathic scoliosis. There was an opinion that it is more comfortable to wear than existing braces, but it seems necessary to conduct a quantitative study about the before and after of wearing the brace and a survey for Korean specific cases.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Physical Medicine
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.125-132
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• 2014

PURPOSE: This study aims to determine the optimal knee joint angle and hip joint angle for minimizing the cervical muscle tension and maximizing the muscle activity of the trunk during the bridging exercise for trunk stabilization. METHODS: The bridging exercise in this study included seven forms of exercise: having a knee joint flexion angle of $120^{\circ}$, $90^{\circ}$, $60^{\circ}$, $45^{\circ}$ and hip joint abduction angle of $15^{\circ}$, $10^{\circ}$, $5^{\circ}$. The posture of the bridging exercise was as follows. To prevent the increase of hyper lumbar lordosis during the bridging exercise, the exercise was practiced after maintaining the lumbar neutral position through the pelvic posterior tilting exercise. RESULTS: The abduction angles did not result in statistically significant effects on the cervical erector, external oblique, rectus abdominis and erector spinae muscles. However, in relation to the knee joint angles, during the bridging exercise, statistically significant results were exhibited. CONCLUSION: The knee joint angle affected the muscle activity of the neck muscle. The greater the knee joint angle, the lower the load placed on the neck muscle. In contrast, the load increased as the knee joint angle decreased. In addition, the muscle activity of the neck muscle and trunk muscle increased as the knee joint angle decreased.

• Journal of the Ergonomics Society of Korea
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.147-154
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• 2006

This study was conducted to evaluate the effect intentional contraction of abdominal muscles during lifting above shoulder on the muscles activities of the lower trunk and on the degree of lumbar extension. Fifteen healthy adult males were selected as test subjects. A 5kg weight was raised to the shoulder level, 20cm, and 40cm above the shoulder level. EMG activities of all muscles except the rectus abdominis were significantly greater when subjects were asked to contract their abdominal muscles intentionally during lifting(p<0.05). Degree of lumbar extension also significantly decreased with intentional abdominal contraction during the lifting. Also, degree of lumbar extension significantly increased with increase in lifting height(p<0.05). The results of this study show that intentional contraction of abdominal muscles during lifting above shoulder increases the EMG activities of external abdominis oblique, internal abdominis oblique, and erector spinae.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.373-380
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• 2001

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to compare the difference of Lumbar Lordosis Angle (LLA)between patients with Low Back Pain (LBP) and control groups. Methods: Questionnaires were completed by 40 adults LBP patients seeking physical therapy services and by 40 controls at the department of Physical Therapy, SaeJong Neurosurgical Clinic in Taegu city, South Korea from October 1999 to March 2000. LLA was measured on lateral x-ray films with standing position. The angle between a line parallel to tile top of the first Lumbar (Ll) and the top of the fifth Lumbar (L5) was defined LLA. Results: LLA of 29.88$^{\circ}$ for LBP patients was statistically significant decrease from that of 35.31$^{\circ}$ for controls in the difference of lumbar lordosis (p<0.01). There were statistically significant differences between genders in patients groups. Females(32.22$^{\circ}$) had significantly greater angles than males (27.32$^{\circ}$) (p<0.05), while 36.63$^{\circ}$ for female was also greater than 34.12$^{\circ}$ for male in the controls. No significant difference was found between age. In patient groups, 27.95$^{\circ}$ for below age 40 was a smaller than 32.32$^{\circ}$ for above, however, 35.82$^{\circ}$ for below age 40 was a little greater than 34.27$^{\circ}$ for above in controls. Patients in sitting posture had greater LLA (31.35$^{\circ}$). than those standing (28.93$^{\circ}$), however. values for controls were similar to each other. Conclusions: Results from this study indicate that distinct difference exist among patients and controls and gender, whereas little difference exists in age and working posture.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.165-170
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• 1998

Diagnostic radiology and conservative management for S75 patient with L1 lumbar fracture by traffic accidents were discussed with references, and then the obtained results were as follows ; 1. Wedging compression fractures with 10% deformity was confirmed at anterior vertebral body of L1 lumbar spine through lateral plain X-ray film. 2. Irregular bony fractures were observed at anterior vertebral body of L1 lumbar spine by CT scans, anatomically T12-L1 sites showed highly frequency of injuries, Denis's fracture type was classified as multiple compression fracture at anterior column without abnormal middle and posterior column, also no Cobb's angle, and then Frankel's neurological classification was E grade. 3. Orthopaedic treatments were performed with conservative methods. With rest on the bed, anti-in-flammatory medication, electrolyte and nutritional solution, the pain diminished. 4. After 3 weeks, rehabilitation was worked with putting on polyethylene back corset, although pains remained slightly until after 8 weeks, thereafter the spine showed gradually stability.

• Journal of Korean Physical Therapy Science
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.38-48
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• 2004

The purpose of present study is to examine the relative efficacy of active exercise programs for work-related chronic low back pain and to figure out how much they affect mechanical stability of lumbar. Subjects are 43 employees with work-related chronic low hack pain, and they were randomly divided into two groups with general physiotherapy groups and thoracic exercise groups for increasing thoracic mobility. Active exercise programs were done 3 times a week, for 6 months, and the subjects were tested for Pain intensity(VAS), the Oswestry Disability Index, Maximal stretching with both hands in the overhead direction and the lumbar region angle of inclination. All subjects were reassessed with same measurement with Pre-study and 6 months after study After applying active exercise programs, pain intensity didn't show any significant difference between two groups. The Oswestry Disability Index showed significant difference between two groups and thoracic exercise groups decreased significantly compare to general physiotherapy group(p<0.05). Maximal stretching with both hands in the overhead direction showed significant difference between two groups and thoracic exercise group increased significantly more than general physiotherapy groups(p<0.05). The lumbar region angle of inclination showed significant difference between two groups and thoracic exercise group decreased significantly more than general physiotherapy groups (p<0.05). According to the results above, exercise for increasing thoracic mobility has an effect on lumbar stability. For the work-related chronic lower hack pain workers, it is far more effective for lumbar stabilization than general physiotherapy.

• Journal of Korean Medicine Rehabilitation
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.169-176
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• 2013

Objectives To investigate correlation between anthropometric data (neck circumference (NC), waist circumference (WC), body mass index (BMI), and body shape indexes) and radiological parameters of lumbosacrum. Methods The data of college students living in Seoul (n=24) were analyzed retrospectively. Anthropometric data of NC, WC, and BMI were measured. Lumbar spine X-ray film was taken to measure lumbar lordotic angle, Ferguson's angle. To evaluate body shape of participants, three indexes of neck-to-waist ratio (NWR), neck-to-height ratio (NHR), and waist-to-height ratio (WHR) were used. Anthropometric data's correlations with radiological parameters of lumbosacrum were investigated. Results Anthropometric data of NC, WC, and BMI had no significant correlation with radiological parameters of lumbosacrum. NWR had significant positive correlation with lumbar lordotic angle and Ferguson's angle. NHR and WHR had no significant correlation with radiological parameters of lumbosacrum. Conclusions The results suggest that NWR-related fat distribution in neck has significant correlation with radiological parameters of lumbosacrum regardless of obesity.

• Journal of radiological science and technology
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• v.45 no.5
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• pp.391-396
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• 2022

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of cross arms and palms facing forward on spinopelvic parameters during the whole spine lateral radiography. In addition, we would like to present the usefulness of a posture with the palm facing forward during whole spine lateral radiography of the spine using EOS. The subjects of this study were images of a total of 50 patients (18 males, 32 females) who whole spine lateral radiography using the conventional method and the EOS method from October 2020 to March 2021. The posture used in this study was set as 'CAP' for cross arms and 'PUSH' for posture with palms facing forward. In this study, among the spinal stability factors, thoracic kyphosis (thoracic vertebrae 4 to 12), lumbar lordosis (lumbar vertebrae 1 to sacrum 1), sagittal vertical axis, sacral slope, and shoulder flexion angle were compared on average. The mean thoracic kyphosis was 34.52±12.46° for CAP and 28.46±10.81° for PUSH (p<0.01). The lumbar lordosis of CAP was 42.45±17.45°and that of PUSH was 40.56±16.14°(p>0.57). The sagittal vertical axis was 26.59±34.34 mm in CAP and 21.21±35.41 mm in PUSH (p>0.44). In CAP, the sacral slope was 30.96±10.29°, and in PUSH, it was 31.01±10.19° (p>0.98). shoulder flexion angle was 38.31±8.24° for CAP and 26,08±6.71° for PUSH(p<0.01). As a result of this study, the PUSH posture is considered to be a posture that can minimize the shoulder flexion angle and can perform a stable examination while minimizing changes in spino-pelvic parameter.

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Orthopedic Manual Physical Therapy
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.12-20
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• 2007

The purpose of this study was designed to find out the effectiveness of vertebral segment instability, muscle fatigue response on lumbar spine after apply lumbosacral stabilization exercise program to 4 patients with chronic low back pain and for 12 weeks. In this study, the lumbar spine motion with blind by MedX test machine and the difference of instability to lumbar vertebra segments in flexion, extension test of standing position and spinal load test(Matthiass Test) by Spinal Mouse. The stabilization exercise program was applied 2 times a week for 12 weeks in hospital and 2 times a day for 20 minutes at home. The results of the present study were as follows: 1. Instability test of lumbar vertebra segment is 2 type differential angle test between vertebrae segment and loading test of spine(matthiass) by Spinal Mouse. It appeared to improve stability of segments in sagittal plane after applying program. So lumbar spine curve increased lordosis toward anterior and was improved of the lumbar spine flexibility in flexion and extension. Specially, in matthiass test, (-) value was increased between lumbar vertebra segment when was the load on spine. And so applying stability improved after program. 2. Fatigue response test(FRT) results, in male, was raised muscle fatigue rate during increase weight, on the other hand female appeared lower than male. As a results, lumbosacral stabilization exercise was aided to improvement of lumbar spine vertebra segments stabilization. Spine instability patients will have a risk when in lifting a load or working with slight flexion posture during the daily of living life and it is probably to increase recurrence rate. Thus, not only lumbar extension muscle strength but also stability of vertebra segments in lumbar spine may be very important.

• Physical Therapy Korea
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.27-36
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• 2018

Background: We developed a novel integrative lumbar stabilization technique that combines lumbar extension (LE) exercise with abdominal drawing-in maneuver (ADIM) to ameliorate low back pain (LBP) associated with neuromuscular imbalance and instability, based on the collective evidence of contemporary spinal rehabilitation. Objects: The specific aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of LE exercise with and without ADIM on core muscle strength, lumbar spinal instability, and pain, as well as functional characteristics in individuals with LBP using advanced radiographic imaging techniques. Methods: patients with mechanical LBP (N = 40, 6 males; $35.1{\pm}7.6years$) were recruited and randomly assigned either to the combined LE and ADIM (experimental group) or the LE alone (control group). Outcome measures included the visual analog scale, the modified Oswestry Disability Index, muscle strength imbalance (MSI), and radiographic imaging. The lumbar intervertebral displacement (LID), intervertebral (IV) and total lumbar extension (TLE) angles were calculated to evaluate the lumbar segmental instability. Results: The experimental group showed significant differences in the L3-L4, L5-S1 LIDs, L4-L5 and L5-S1 IV angles, and TLE angle as compared to the controls (p<.05). Immediate pain reduction and muscle strength imbalance ratio were significantly different between the groups (p<.05). Conclusion: These results suggest that the addition of ADIM significantly increased lumbar spinal stabilization in individuals with LBP, thereby reducing pain associated with functional lumbar flexion during daily activities.