• Journal of The Korean Association of Information Education
• /
• v.26 no.1
• /
• pp.45-53
• /
• 2022

The need for artificial intelligence education has emerged, and countries around the world are announcing artificial intelligence strategies. Artificial intelligence education is reflected in the main points of the 2022 revised curriculum general published in Korea. Along with this interest, programs related to artificial intelligence education are being developed, but it is difficult to find artificial intelligence programs for lower grades of elementary school. This study aims to develop a data collection education program for the lower grades of elementary school through a series of analysis-design-development-application-evaluation processes and apply it to first-grade elementary school students to verify its effectiveness. Through the developed program, it is expected that students will be able to understand and feel interested in artificial intelligence, and develop an attitude of collecting data in their daily lives through the process of searching for various types of data in their daily lives.

• Journal of People, Plants, and Environment
• /
• v.24 no.5
• /
• pp.485-498
• /
• 2021

Background and objective: This study was conducted to find out the status of plant utilization in the current textbooks by analyzing the plants by grade and subject in the national textbooks for all elementary school grades in the 2015 revised curriculum in Korea. Methods: The data collected was analyzed using Microsoft Office Excel to obtain the frequency and ratio of collected plant data and SPSS for Windows 26.0 to determine learning content areas by grade and the R program was used to visualize the learning content areas. Results: A total of 232 species of plants were presented 1,047 times in the national textbooks. Based on an analysis of the plants presented by grade, the species that continued to increase in the lower grades tended to decrease in the fifth and sixth grades, the upper grades of elementary school. As for the number and frequency of plant species by subject, Korean Language had the highest number and frequency of plant species. The types of presentation of plants in textbooks were mainly text, followed by illustrations and photos of plants, which were largely used in first grade textbooks. In addition, as for the area of learning contents in which plants are used, in the lower grades, plants were used in the linguistic domain, and in the upper grades, in the botanical and environmental domains of the natural sciences. Herbaceous plants were presented more than woody plants, and according to an analysis of the plants based on the classification of crops, horticultural crops were presented the most, followed by food crops. Out of horticultural crops, flowering plants were found the most diversity with 63 species, but the plants that appeared most frequently were fruit trees that are commonly encountered in real life. Conclusion: As a result of this study, various plant species were included in elementary school textbooks, but most of them were horticultural crops encountered in real life depending on their use. Nevertheless, plant species with high frequency have continued a similar trend of frequency from the previous curriculums. Therefore, in the next curriculum, plant learning materials should be reflected according to social changes and students' preference for plants.

• Journal of Practical Engineering Education
• /
• v.16 no.2
• /
• pp.151-157
• /
• 2024

Most of the existing game-based education programmes for lower grades are simple block-coding studies, and there is a lack of examples of programming-intensive classes. In this study, we implemented a Minecraft-based Python coding fundamentals class for 3 classes at a local elementary school during a 2-week school holiday. The learning programme was reorganised from the standard learning programme on the official website, such as building quests through LAN-PARTY and self-scripting in-game, to improve class interest and motivation. In addition, we analysed the satisfaction and preferences of the class topics through a survey, and obtained meaningful results for future educational program development. This study is significant as a basic research for the design and development of game-based educational programmes for all age groups.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
• /
• v.32 no.7
• /
• pp.802-811
• /
• 1999

The purposes of this study were to 1) examine the dietary patterns of fatty acids and the fatty acid composition in serum, 2) determine selenium (Se) concentrations, and 3) investigate how serum fatty acid compositon affects serum levels of Se in Korean elementary school children. The subjects consisted of 168 school children(82 boys & 86 girls) belonging to 1st through 6th grades, and their dietary assessment was evaluated. The serum fatty acid composition was analyzed by GLC, and the ICP/MS method was employed to measure serum Se concentration. Total average intake of PUFA, MUFA and SFA were 10.5g, 12.7g, 11.2g respectively. Total average dietary P/M/S ratio was 1.10/1.18/1.0. The average intake of $\omega$3 fatty acids and $\omega$6 fatty acids were 1.33g, 9.19g, respectively. The $\omega$6/$\omega$3ratio was 14.2 which is higher than the recommended range. In serum fatty acid composition, PUFA, MUFA, SFA were 40.6%, 28.1% and 31.6% respectively. The average $\omega$3 fatty acid composition was 3.80%, and the mean value of $\omega$6 series was 36.8%. The M/S ratio of girls was significantly higher than boy's in fatty acids intake and in serum composition. Mean Se concentration of total subjects was 416.7ug/l and it was significantly higher in the lower grades(1st-3rd)than in the upper grades(4th~6th, p<0.05). Although the mean serum Se concentration was negatively correlated with PUFA composition in total boys and girls, it was not significant. Serum Se concentration was negatively correlated with P/S ratio and C24:1 concentration(p<0.05). In addition, serum composition of $\omega$6 PUFA and C24:1 showed negative correlations with serum Se in only lower grades girl(1st~3rd), and further studies are needed to clarify in these phenomena. In conclusion, the mean serum Se concentration was significantly lower in upper grades (4th~6th)than in lower grades(1st~3rd) of elementary school children and was negatively correlated with P/S ratio of serum fatty acids. More detailed studies on relationship between Se and fatty acids are required.

• Journal of The Korean Association For Science Education
• /
• v.22 no.3
• /
• pp.617-631
• /
• 2002

This study has examined 5-year students in the kindergarten and students in the 2nd, 4th, and 6th grade in the primary school to analyze their perceptions about scientists. science, and how they apply science in their daily lives. First, students have 4 stereotypic images on scientists, specifically in 'indoor', 'male', 'lab coat'. and 'scientific instrument'. There were significant differences in stereotypic images on scientists depending on genders and ages. Girls and primary students showed higher scores than boys and kindergarten students did. respectively, in stereotypic images on scientists. No differences were observed for the stereotypic images on scientists among primary students, regardless of their grades. Second, most of students were interested in science. Depending on grades, there were significant differences in their preference for science. Students in higher grades showed lower scores than those in lower grades did. In addition, only a few of them hoped to be a scientist in the future. Boys showed higher scores in their hope to be a scientist in the future than girls did. The students in lower grades showed higher scores than those in higher grades. Third, most of children thought themselves doing activity-oriented science in school. Outside school, however, they did not use the knowledge and skills they had learned for science in school. Students in the primary school showed more concept-oriented perception for science than those in kindergarten did. This perception was gradually increased as the grades of the students go up.

• Journal of The Korean Association of Information Education
• /
• v.19 no.1
• /
• pp.45-56
• /
• 2015

This article examines the effects of a long term robot based instruction on the creativity of elementary students. To explain these effects, we conducted similar creativity test twice to 237 students of schools which had been designated as a robot based instruction model from 2011 to 2012. From these test results, the following three conclusions may be drawn: (1) The creativity of students who had participated in long term robot based instruction increased significantly, especially after the first test. (2) The fluency and originality as two of the sub-creativity factors are also accelerated significantly, especially after the first test. (3) The creativity of male and female students are all improved significantly but the test period factor and the interaction factor between male and female are not significant. (4) All elementary students of the lower grades(1st and 2nd grades), middle grades(3rd and 4th grades) and higher grades(5th and 6th grades) increased significantly but the test period factor and the interaction factor between the grades were not significant. On the other hand, the creativity improvement between lower-middle grades and higher grades is significant.

• 한국정보교육학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 2021.08a
• /
• pp.269-274
• /
• 2021

With the development of artificial intelligence, society is moving to a different world. As a result, amid growing interest in artificial intelligence education, research on how to teach artificial intelligence is also being conducted more actively in Korea. However, a lot of research is being conducted around the upper grades of elementary school, and curriculum and programs for the lower grades are insufficient. Therefore, this study developed an artificial intelligence program for lower grades. Among them, it was developed focusing on artificial intelligence image recognition. It compares image recognition methods of people, animals, and computers, identifies the characteristics of fallen leaves, and helps them understand the image recognition process of artificial intelligence by classifying them according to the characteristics of fallen leaves. I hope this program will help elementary school students understand the image recognition principle of artificial intelligence in the future.

• Journal of Families and Better Life
• /
• v.18 no.3 s.47
• /
• pp.115-128
• /
• 2000

The purpose of this study was to investigate investment behavior of mothers who have children of the lower grades in primary school and the effects of the variables. The subjects of this study were 454 mothers who have children of lower grades in primary school in Seoul. Statistics used for data analysis were frequency, mean, percentage, multiple regression. The households which paid their money for private education investment cost was 182.543 won a month and the mean of time use of mother for child education was 125 minutes a day. The most influencing variable on money investment to private education investment behavior was family income and on time investment to it was influence of reference group.

• Journal of Creative Information Culture
• /
• v.7 no.2
• /
• pp.79-90
• /
• 2021

The purpose of this paper is to study the unplugged educational program for the lower grades of elementary school. For this, the study was conducted as follows. First, a play-learning-based unplugged education method was discovered, focusing on play activities according to the level of development of elementary school students. Secondly, unplugged educational programs to develop Computational Thinking were designed according to the discovered topics. each class is conducted by storytelling, and the content of the storytelling is related to the integrated curriculum 'Winter'. In addition, each class was analyzed based on the core elements of Computational Thinking ability. And, we developed educational materials that can be used in the designed unplugged educational program. Finally, the educational program was applied to the lower grades of elementary school, and the educational program was analyzed through case studies. As a result of the analysis, the educational program was organized according to the level of the students, and it was confirmed that this educational program is helpful in improving the Computational Thinking of lower grade students of elementary school.

• Journal of dental hygiene science
• /
• v.22 no.1
• /
• pp.44-50
• /
• 2022

Background: This study compares and analyzes the degree of oral health information literacy by 25% for upper and lower grades to assess how differences in mothers' oral health information literacy affect infants' oral health behavior. Methods: The study surveyed 201 mothers with infants and children using a 36 question survey tool. Cross-analysis was conducted to determine the difference in oral health information literacy between the upper and the lower 25%. Results: Comparing 25% of the upper and lower grades of verbal oral health information literacy scores, the word with the most significant difference in the correct answer was resin. An item asking about the time to eat after fluoride varnish application showed the most significant difference in the correct answer on the functional oral health information literacy scale. Mothers' oral and functional oral health information literacy scores showed that verbal literacy was statistically significant for brushing guidance after children's meals, brushing guidance before children's bedtime, food intake restrictions before bedtime, and restrictions on consumption of cavity-inducing foods (p<0.05). Functional literacy was statistically significant in the post-brushing test of children and the correct brushing method map items (p<0.05). Conclusion: As a result of comparing and analyzing the upper and lower 25% of the mother's oral health information literacy, it was found that the mother's oral health information literacy affected the infant's oral health behavior. Therefore, systematic education is needed to raise literacy by grasping the level of oral health information literacy of mothers, and oral health education by level according to oral health information literacy should be developed.