• Journal of the Korean Society of Physical Medicine
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• v.8 no.3
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• pp.443-448
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• 2013

PURPOSE: In recent years, senior friendly device is growing rapidly because of population aging The study was designed to investigate the effects of table height of electronic bed on upper extremity and trunk EMG in elderly. METHODS: Thirty right-handed elderly without history of neurological and musculoskeletal dysfunction were participated in this study. Three heights of the table (3/3 height, 2/3 height, and 1/3 height between top of the shoulder and olecranon) were provided. During the eating performance, surface electromyography (EMG) was used to measure muscle activity, and electrodes were attached to the deltoid middle fiber, serratus anterior, suprapinatus, upper trapezius, rhomboideus, cervical part of longissimus, thoracic part of longissimus, lumbar part of longissimus on right. One way ANOVA was conducted for the statistical analysis. RESULTS: There were significant differences in deltoid middle fiber, suprapinatus, upper trapezius, rhomboideus, lumbar part of longissimus in the 3 different height of table (p<.05). The deltoid middle fiber, suprapinatus, upper trapezius, and lumbar part of longissimus were significantly increased in higher table than lower table(p<.05). And the rhomboideus was significantly decreased in higher table than lower table(p<.05). CONCLUSION: This study demonstrates that different height of table affect upper extremity and trunk muscle activity. The table height of olecranon is the best for elderly.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.17 no.12
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• pp.319-327
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• 2019

The muscle activity and balance ability of the acute stroke patient has been checked by the functional electrical stimulation using biofeedback fusion postural control training in this study. Functional electrical stimulation using biofeedback fusion postural control training have been implemented on 15 trainees and general biofeedback fusion postural control training have been implemented on another 15 trainees for 30 minutes at 5 times per week during 8 weeks, and vastus lateralis, vastus medialis, rectus femoris and biceps femoris have been measured using the biceps femoris to evaluate the muscle activity of the lower extremity. The moving surface area, whole path length and limited of stability have been measured using biorecue to measure the balance ability. There was statistically meaningful difference on the vastus lateralis, vastus medialis, rectus femoris and biceps femoris in the muscle activity of the lower extremity and there was statistically meaningful difference on surface area, whole path length and limited of stability in the balancing ability. Based on above, it is realized that the functional electrical stimulation using biofeedback fusion postural control training is more effective than the general biofeedback fusion postural control training on the improvement of the muscle activity of the lower extremity and the balance ability.

• Physical Therapy Korea
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.1-9
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• 2006

The purpose of this study was to assess the influence of spine orthosis and sit-to-stand motor strategies on ground reaction force (GRF) and lower extremity muscle activity. Twenty healthy adult men participated, and subjects randomly performed sit-to-stand motions in three different conditions: Momentum-transfer strategy (MTS); MTS with spine orthosis; and zero-momentum strategy (ZMS) with spine orthosis. GRF data, onset time, and muscle activity were determined and compared using force plate and electromyography. Data were statistically analyzed by the SPSS version 13.0. One-way repeated analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to determine the statistical significance, and least significant difference was used as a post hoc test. The level of significance was .05. The results of this study were as follows: 1. Peak GRF and relative time to peak GRF were not significantly different in the three different conditions (p>.05). 2. Onset time of four muscles, tibialis anterior, gastrocnemius, biceps femoris and rectus femoris, in the three different conditions were significantly different (p<.05). 3. The tibialis anterior and rectus femoris muscle activity before hip-off and tibialis anterior, gastrocnemius, and rectus fermoris muscle activity after hip-off were significantly different in the three different conditions (p<.05).

• Korean Journal of Applied Biomechanics
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.35-43
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• 2017

Objective: The purpose of this study was to determine how gaze angle affects muscle activity and kinematic variables during treadmill walking and to offer scientific information for effective and safe treadmill training environment. Method: Ten male subjects who have no musculoskeletal disorder were recruited. Eight pairs of surface electrodes were attached to the right side of the body to monitor the upper trapezius (UT), rectus abdominis (RA), erector spinae (ES), rectus femoris (RF), bicep femoris (BF), tibialis anterior (TA), medialis gastrocnemius (MG), and lateral gastrocnemius (LG). Two digital camcorders were used to obtain 3-D kinematics of the lower extremity. Each subject walked on a treadmill with a TV monitor at three different heights (eye level; EL, 20% above eye level; AE, 20% below eye level; BE) at speed of 5.0 km/h. For each trial being analyzed, five critical instants and four phases were identified from the video recording. For each dependent variable, one-way ANOVA with repeated measures was used to determine whether there were significant differences among three different conditions (p<.05). When a significant difference was found, post hoc analyses were performed using the contrast procedure. Results: This study found that average and peak IEMG values for EL were generally smaller than the corresponding values for AE and BE but the differences were not statically significant. There were also no significant changes in kinematic variables among three different gaze angles. Conclusion: Based on the results of this study, gaze angle does not affect muscle activity and kinematic variables during treadmill walking. However, it is interesting to note that walking with BE may increase the muscle activity of the trapezius and the lower extremity. Moreover, it may hinder proper dorsiflexion during landing phase. Thus, it seems to reasonable to suggest that inappropriate gaze angle should be avoided in treadmill walking. It is obvious that increased walking speed may cause a significant changes in biomechanical parameters used in this study. It is recommended that future studies be conducted which are similar to the present investigation but using different walking speed.

• PNF and Movement
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.179-187
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• 2022

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to determine the asymmetrical difference between the use of leg muscles on the surgical and non-surgical sides during initial lower extremity ergometer exercise after unilateral knee arthroplasty. Methods: Twelve elderly patients diagnosed with degenerative arthritis of the knee and who underwent unilateral arthroplasty were included in this study. The leg length of each subject was taken into account when setting the application distance of the lower extremity ergometer. The same pedal resistance, strength, and speed were used for all the subjects. The total angle of use of the ergometer (360°) was analyzed by dividing it into an extension section and a flexion section. Using a surface electromyography system, the activities of the muscles of the surgical and non-surgical sides were converted into maximal voluntary isometric contraction (MVIC) and analyzed using the paired t-test. Results: When the activities of the muscles on the surgical and non-surgical sides were compared, it was found that the rectus femoris and biceps femoris had significant differences in the flexion and extension sections (p < .05), and that the tibialis anterior significantly differed in the flexion section (p < .05). There was no significant difference in the extension section of the tibialis anterior muscle, or in the flexion and extension sections of the gastrocnemius (p >.05). Conclusion: The results of this study confirm that the rectus femoris, tibialis anterior, biceps femoris, and gastrocnemius on the surgical side act in an opposite manner to those on the non-surgical side during pedaling in the same section.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Integrative Medicine
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.69-76
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• 2023

Purpose : This study aimed to compare lung capacity measures (forced vital capacity; FVC, forced expiratory volume at 1 second; FEV1, and FEV1/FVC) and the activities of rectus femoris (RF) and gastrocnemius (GCM) muscles between young adults prescribed aerobic exercise combined with lower limb strength exercise (complex exercise) and those prescribed only aerobic exercise. Methods : We randomly divided 22 young adults into 2 groups: the complex exercise group that combined the leg strengthening and aerobic exercises (n = 11) and the aerobic-exercise-only group (n=11). Before the intervention, the FVC, FEV1, and FEV1/FVC values and the activities of RF and GCM muscles were measured. Measurements were in triplicates, and the average of the 3 measurements was used. The complex exercise group performed the treadmill exercise followed by squats and lunges, and the group performed only the treadmill exercise. Both groups were allocated the same time. Both groups performed the assigned exercise thrice a week for 3 weeks. After the intervention, the FVC, FEV1, and FEV1/FVC values and the activities of RF and GCM muscles were measured again. Results : The FVC and FEV1 values increased significantly in both groups after the intervention (p<.05). RF activity increased significantly after the intervention in the complex exercise group (p<.05), and the magnitude of change in RF activity after the intervention was significantly higher in the complex exercise group than in the aerobic-exercise-only group (p<.05). GCM activity also significantly increased after the intervention in both groups (p<.05). Conclusion : On the basis of our results, we recommend combining leg strengthening and aerobic exercise to improve leg muscle activity along with lung function.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.22 no.5
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• pp.57-61
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• 2010

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to identify the effect of active foot arch support on the muscles of lower extremity electromyographic activity during squat exercise in persons with pronated foot. Methods: The study subjects were 16 persons with pronated foot. They have no history of surgery in lower extremity and trunk and limitation of range of motion or pain when performing squat exercise. Each subject was measured the navicular drop (ND) to determine the pronated foot. And then the subjects were asked to perform three repetitions of a $90^{\circ}$ knee flexion squat in both conditions which are 1) preferred squat and 2) squat with active foot arch support. Results: Paired t-test revealed that squat with active foot arch support produced significantly greater EMG activities in abductor hallucis (p=0.00), proneus longus (p=0.03) and gluteus medius (p=0.04) than preferred squat. But the EMG activities of tibialis anterior, vastus medialis oblique and vastus lateralis were not showed significantly different between the both squat conditions. Conclusion: The findings of this study suggest that active foot arch support during squat increase the activities of lower extremity muscles which are the abductor hallucis, proneus longus and gluteus medius. Also, the abductor hallucis which is one of the planter intrinsic muscle and peroneus longus play a role in support of the foot arch and active foot arch support induced the increase of the activity of gluteus medius. Therefore active foot arch support can change the lower extremity biomechanics as well as passive foot support such as foot orthotics and taping.

• Journal of International Academy of Physical Therapy Research
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.237-243
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• 2011

This study was to examine on the respiratory variables, heart rate and muscle activity between the static recovery and dynamic recovery after progressive resistance exercise to maximal point. Subjects were 15 students enrolled in N University. All were tested two times (static recovery and dynamic recovery) and were requested to perform a walking on a treadmill after progressive resistance exercise to maximal point. Electromyography(EMG) was used to monitor the muscle activity(TA: Tibialis Anterior, MG: Medial Gastrocnemius) during gait. CPEX-1 was used to measure the respiratory variables and heart rate. The dynamic recovery group was shown the significant lower heart rate than that of static recovery group at during gait. Respiratory rate showed statistically a significant difference. Electromyography(RMS, root mean square) showed a non-significant difference. But the dynamic recovery group of muscle activity was found highly in TA and MG. This study indicated that the dynamic recovery method evidenced more faster than the static recovery method. And this type of dynamic rest by walking can be a help of recovery after exercise.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.34 no.4
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• pp.149-154
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• 2022

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate effects of the modified bent arm tornado exercise on weight shift movement and muscle activity of the impact section in the top of the drive swing. Methods: Twenty subjects were divided professional golfer group and amateur golf group. Subjects were required to complete following modified bent arm tornado exercise. The activity and weight shift of the gluteus group and lower extremity muscles between the two groups were measured and the Wilcoxon rank test was analyzed. Results: The distribution of weight shift in the professional golfer group was higher than that of the amateur golfer group (p<0.05). During the golf downswing of the professional golfer group, muscle activation of the lower extremities was higher than that of the amateur golfer group (p<0.05). The distribution of weight shift after exercise by the amateur golfer group was higher than before (p<0.05). Conclusion: We could confirm was increased significantly of muscle activity and weight shift by applying modified bent arm tornado exercise through this study. This result suggests that exercise is needed to improve weight shift.

• Physical Therapy Korea
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.67-76
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• 2009

In order to prevent upper extremity musculoskeletal disorders, effective keyboard selection is an important consideration. The aim of this study was to compare upper extremity muscle activity according to transverse plane angle changes during vertical keyboard typing. Sixteen healthy men were recruited. All subjects had a similar typing ability (rate of more than 300 keystrokes per minute) and biacromion and forearm-fingertip lengths. Four different types of keyboard (vertical keyboard with a transverse plane angle of $60^{\circ}$, $96^{\circ}$, or $120^{\circ}$, and a standard keyboard) were used with a wrist support. The test order was selected randomly for each subject. Surface electromyography (EMG) was used to measure upper extremity muscle activity during a keyboard typing task. The collected EMG data were normalized using the reference contraction and expressed as a percentage of the reference voluntary contraction (%RVC). In order to analyze the differences in EMG data, a repeated one-way analysis of variance, with a significance level of .05, was used. Bonferroni correction was used for multiple comparisons. There were significant differences in the EMG amplitude of all seven muscles (upper trapezius, middle deltoid, anterior deltoid, extensor carpi radialis, extensor carpi ulnaris, flexor carpi radialis, and flexor carpi ulnaris) assessed during the keyboard typing task. The mean activity of each muscle had a tendency to increase as the transverse plane angle increased. The mean activity recorded during all vertical keyboard typing was lower than that recorded during standard keyboard typing. There was no significant difference in accuracy and error scores; however, there was a significant difference between transverse plane angles of $60^{\circ}$ and $120^{\circ}$ with regard to comfort. In conclusion, a vertical keyboard with a transverse plane angle of $60^{\circ}$ would be effective in reducing muscle activity compared with vertical keyboards with other transverse plane angles.