• 감성과학
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• 제15권4호
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• pp.517-526
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• 2012

This study investigated the impact of individual differences in motivational reactivity on cognitive effort, memory strength (sensitivity) and decision making (criterion bias) in response to Internet ads with positive and negative content. Individual variation in trait motivational activation was measured using the Motivational Activation Measurement developed by A. Lang and her colleagues (A. Lang, Bradley, Sparks, & Lee, 2007). MAM indexes an individual's tendency to approach pleasant stimuli (ASA, Appetitive System Activation) and avoid unpleasant stimuli (DSA, Defensive System Activation). Results showed that individuals higher in ASA exert more cognitive effort during positive ads than individuals lower in ASA. Individuals higher in DSA exert more cognitive effort during negative ads compared to individuals lower in DSA. ASA did not predict recognition memory. However, individuals higher in DSA recognized ads better than those lower in DSA. The criterion bias data revealed participants higher in ASA had more conservative decision criterion, compared to participants lower in ASA. Individuals higher in DSA also showed more conservative decision criterion compared to individuals lower in DSA. The theoretical and practical implications are discussed.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• 제24권4호
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• pp.247-252
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• 2012

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the change of muscle activities during level walking, stairs and ramp climbing in hemiplegic patients. Methods: Eight hemiplegic patients were recruited and agreed to participate in this study. Muscle activity was measured by MP100 system (BIOPAC System Inc., Santa Barbara, CA, USA). Statistical analysis was used as a one-way repeated measure of ANOVA to know the difference according to the gait conditions (level walking, stairs and ramp ascending). Results: In the swing phase, muscle activity of rectus femoris muscle, with the side lower extremities affected, were generally significantly different in the stair and ramp ascending. In addition, biceps femoris muscle with unaffected side lower extremity was generally significantly different in the ramp ascending. In the swing phase, muscle activity of tibialis anterior muscle with unaffected side lower extremities was generally showed a significant difference in the ramp ascending. In the stance phase, climbing stairs and ramps showed an increase in the muscle activities. Further, climbing the stairs increased muscle activities of the gastrocnemius muscle. Conclusion: These findings indicate that compared with the level walking climbing stairs, ramps and muscle activities of lower extremity during each showed different results. It can be seen that in accordance with the terms of gait are different muscles group recruitment.

• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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• 제25권4호
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• pp.17-29
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• 2008

Objectives : This study was carried out to investigate the correlation of meridian system in oriental medicine and muscular system in western medicine. Methods : Muscles were assigned to meridians by their main functions and the acupoints on them. New mutual relationships between meridians in lower limb were studied based on the muscular function. Results : In gluteal & femoral region, iliopsoas & quadratus femoris are assigned to spleen & stomach meridians, gluteus maximus & hamstrings to urinary bladder & kidney meridians, adductor muscle groups to liver meridian, gluteus medius & minimus & iliotibial tract to gall bladder meridian. In crural region, anterior crural muscles are assigned to stomach meridian, lateral crural muscles to gall bladder meridian, suferficial posterior crural muscles to urinary bladder (& kidney) meridian, deep posterior crural muscles to liver, spleen, kidney meridians. In lower limb, urinary bladder meridian and stomach meridian lead the muscular functions and correspond to each other, while spleen meridian assists stomach meridian, and kidney meridian assists urinary bladder meridian. Conclusions : Muscles may be assigned to meridians by their functions and the acupoints on them. From the view of muscular function, Yang meridians lead Yin meridians in lower limb.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• 제25권2호
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• pp.88-95
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• 2013

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to conduct an analysis of kinematics of lower extremities and trunk in stance phase of walking according to turning direction. Methods: Ten university students (five male, five female) who were in their 20s (mean age was 20.6 years old) participated in this study. Participants did not have participants did not have any problem with skeletal muscular system. We used the "Qualisys motion capture system" for analysis of trunk and lower extremity movement in stance phase of walking according to turning direction. We collected data while subjects walked a distance of 10 m, and at the 6 m line, subjects were required to turn to the left side and the right leg was positioned in stance phase and the left leg was positioned in swing. For data analysis, the SPSS for Windows ver. 20.0 statistics program was used in performance of one way analysis of variance according to turning direction. Results: Significant difference of trunk and lower extremities was observed for turning direction according to walking cycle (p<0.05). Upper trunk movement showed a greater increase at three dimensions than lower trunk, and in heel off phase, pelvic movement showed a greater increase than lower trunk (p<0.05). In 45 degree and 90 degrees of turning direction, all movements of trunk and lower extremities were significantly different among three events of stance phase (p<0.05). Conclusion: We suggest that three-dimensional movement analysis of trunk and lower extremities during turning movement was very important in order to indicate increasing balance or walking ability for people with impaired movement or walking.

• 한국운동역학회지
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.111-119
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• 2007

The purpose of this study was to investigate muscle activity and gait pattern in lower limb depending on the outsole of heel rockers. Fifteen healthy men volunteered for this experiment. Each subject performed totally three trails with two pairs of different heel rocker shoes and a pair of normal running shoes at speed of 1.33m/s for 1 minute during walking on a treadmill. Kinematic data gathered in 100Hz was recorded and analyzed by using the 3D motion capture system to measure the trunk tilt and joint angle of the right lower limb. And the lower extremity muscle activities were simultaneously recorded in 1000Hz and assessed by using EMG. The statistical analysis was the one-way ANOVA with the repeated measures to compare among the three kinds of shoes. The level of statistical significance for all tests was 0.05. Joint angle of lower limb was showed statistically significant different in MST(hip joint), LHS(ankle joint), and RTO(knee and ankle joint). Muscle activity of rectus femoris and biceps femoris was statistically increased in both heel rocker shoes during gait cycle on treadmill. The maximum peak time of tibialis anterior in the negative heel rocker showed the delay of approximately 23.8%time than normal shoes. Gait pattern variability of the negative heel rocker was increased in the first half of the stance phase and the variability of the positive heel rocker was increased in the terminal stance phase. In Conclusion, stability was decreased in between joints of lower limb on positive heel rocker than negative heel rocker. This study found that there were different joint angle, muscle activity, gait pattern and coordinate system of the lower limb in each kind of shoes. These unstability affected the lower extremity and the whole body. A further study has to be continued with study of rehabilitation and exercise for a long-term.

• 한국CDE학회논문집
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.49-56
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• 2006

In this study, the modeling support system was developed which can make easy and fast FE-modeling and verify the results of static and durability analysis for the lower arm, one of the important parts in automobile suspension module. It took into account of the whole complicated design processes verifying the durability coefficients evaluated by fatigue analysis, which should be used to satisfy a design criteria. To guide the FE-modeling the drive page was constructed by using HTML and XML, which was based on expert's know-hows. It is able to integrate the processes to design the lower arm in practice, so that the standardization of its FE-Modeling is achieved, consequently. The 3 dimensional CAD's geometrical data were changed automatically into pre-defined shell elements under the concept of mesh-offset technique, and then welding elements were treated to connect between target and basic surfaces constructed by the shell elements. This system has also a user interface to control boundary and load ing conditions applied in performing of the static and durability analysis, in which many load cases can be applied simply with the MPCs driven by just few mouse clicks. These were implemented on the platform of MSC.Patran and utilized ANSYS, MSC.Nastran and MSC.Fatigue as the solver of the analysis performed. The developed system brings not only significant decreasing of man-hours required in FE-modeling process, but also obtaining of satisfied qualities in analyzed results. It will be integrated in a part of virtual prototyping module of the developing e-engineering framework.

• 한국의류산업학회지
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• 제19권3호
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• pp.320-330
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• 2017

People have recently became interested in eco-friendly cycling that attracted further attention as a sport activity. The number of high school cyclists has increased due to the popularity of cycling; however, high school cyclists have trouble choosing cycling suits because there is no professional cycling suit for high school cyclists in Korea. Therefore, it is necessary to develop a professional cycling suit for high school cyclists because sportswear for athletes is an important means to improve performance. This study suggests a standard sizing system for high school student athletes' cycle tights. The subjects were 111 high school cyclists. The 3 clusters were categorized by cluster analysis, and the sizing system was classified according to three lower body types. The size intervals of waist girth, hip girth and height were 5cm, respectively. The most frequent sizes were 75-100-175 in figure type 1, 70-90-170 and 75-95-170 in figure type 2, 70-90-175 and 70-90-180 in figure type 3. The sizing system, which had frequencies more than 3.6%, was classified into 9 cases, 8 cases, and 5 cases, respectively by lower body types. The results will contribute to the development of athletic performance cycle wear for high school cyclists.

• 대한한방부인과학회지
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• 제21권3호
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• pp.99-110
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• 2008

Purpose: Premenstrual syndrome(PMS) is a collection of physical, psychological and emotional symptoms related to a women's menstrual cycle. The symptoms are related with Autonomic Nervous system. The purpose of this study is to investigate the activity of Autonomic Nervous system in women with premenstrual syndrome(PMS) by using Heart Rate Variability(HRV). Methods: We studied 26 patients visiting ㅇㅇ hospital from 26th December 2005 to 26th April 2006. Activity of Autonomic Nervous system was assesed by means of Heart Rate Variability(HRV). The subjects were categorized in two groups, PMS group(10) and non-PMS group(16). We studied the difference of HRV between two groups by Mann-Whitney U-test using SPSS for windows (version 12.0). Results: SDNN of PMS group was non-significantly lower than non-PMS group. RMS-SD of PMS group was significantly lower than non-PMS group. Mean PR of PMS group was non-significantly higher than non-PMS group. TP, VLF, LF, HF norm of PMS group was non-significantly lower than non-PMS group. HF of PMS group was significantly lower than non-PMS group. LF norm, LF/HF ratio of PMS group was non-significantly higher than non-PMS group. Conclusion: The results suggest that PMS can be related to decreased activity of parasympathetic nervous system. HRV can be useful to diagnose PMS. The more studies to diagnose PMS would be needed.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• 제48권1호
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• pp.115-122
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• 2006

밭에서 호밀에 경운방법과 비료종류를 달리하였을 때 사초의 생산성, 품질 및 생산비를 비교하기 위하여 수행하였다. 본 시험은 2×2=4요인 시험으로 경운방법은 경운과 무경운을 두었으며, 비료종류는 화학비료와 퇴비를 두었다. 호밀의 건물률, TDN 수량 및 CP 수량은 처리간에 유의적인 차이가 없었으나, 경운의 건물수량은 무경운보다 많았다(P<0.01). 한편 비료종류에서는 화학비료의 건물수량, TDN 수량 및 CP 수량이 퇴비보다 많았다. 호밀의 조단백질 함량은 무경운이 경운보다 높았으나((P<0.05), 비료의 종류에서는 처리간에 유의적인 차이가 없었다. 호밀의 NDF, ADF 및 TDN 함량은 처리간에 유의적인 차이가 없었다. 호밀의 면적당 생산비는 경운이 무경운보다 많았으나, 원물, 건물 및 TDN 1kg당 생산비는 무경운이 많았다. 한편 비료의 종류에서는 화학비료의 면적당 생산비가 퇴비보다 많았으나 원물, 건물 및 TDN 1kg당 생산비는 화학비료가 적었다. 이는 경운과 화학비료가 무경운과 퇴비보다 사초수량이 많았기 때문이다. 이상의 시험결과를 볼 때 경운방법과 비료종류는 호밀의 품질보다 사초수량에 많은 영향을 미쳤다. 경운과 화학비료가 무경운과 퇴비보다 호밀의 1kg당 생산비가 적었는데 이는 경운과 화학비료의 사초수량이 다른 처리구보다 많았기 때문이다.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제22권6호
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• pp.773-777
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• 2013

This study examined the effects of cage rearing system and backyard raising system on fatty acid profile of egg in laying hens during 9 weeks. Two hundred hens, 70-wk-old, Hy-line Brown, were used in this study and fed basal diets. 100 hens, randomly collected from facility, were transferred to cage rearing system and 100 remaining hens were moved to backyard raising system. For overall period, higher unsaturated fatty acid percentages in two different rearing systems than did saturated fatty acid (SFA) were observed. In unsaturated fatty acid compositions, both rearing system showed a higher mono unsaturated fatty acid (MUFA) contents than poly unsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) contents. Egg quality traits of laying hens reared in backyard system had considerably lower contents of SFA and higher contents of MUFA compared with eggs from cage rearing system (P<0.05). In addition, eggs from cage rearing system resulted in a significantly lower n-3 contents and higher n-6:n-3 ratios and CLA contents in comparison with backyard raising system (P<0.05). However, no significant effects of two different rearing systems on PUFA, PUFA:SFA ratio, and n-6 contents were observed during the experimental period. In conclusion, this result suggests that cage rearing system and backyard raising system will play an important role in improving egg production as functional foods.