낙엽분말(落葉粉末)을 이용(利用)한 합판용(合板用) 접착제(接着劑)의 증량(增量)에 관(關)한 연구(硏究) (Studies on the Extending of Plywood Adhesives used Foliage Powder)
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- 한국산림과학회지
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- 제42권1호
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- pp.83-100
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- 1979
본연구(本硏究)는 합판용(合板用) 증량제(增量劑)로 사용(使用)하고 있는 도입소맥분(導入小麥粉)을 값이 싸고 대량생산(大量生產)이 가능(可能)한 낙엽분말증량제(落葉粉末增量劑)로 개발(開發)하여 대치(代置)키 위(爲)한 가능성(可能性)을 구명(究明)하기 위(爲)해서 계획(計劃)하고 착수(着手)되었다. 낙엽증량제(落葉增量劑)로 채취가공(採取加工)하기 위(爲)한 수종(樹種)은 침엽수종(針葉樹種)에서 소나무를 택(擇)하였고 활화수종(濶華樹種)에서는 미류나무, 참나무, 푸라타누스를 택(擇)하였으며, 각각(各各)의 낙엽(落葉)을 채취(採取)하여
The total forest land area in Korea accounts for some 67 percent of the nation's land total. Its productivity, however, is very low. Consequently, forest production accounts for only about 2 percent of the gross national product and a minor proportion of no more than about 5 percent versus primary industry. In this case, however, only the direct income from forestry is taken into account, making no reference to the forestry output induced by other industrial sectors. The value added Or the induced forestry output in manufacturing the primary wood products into higher quality products, makes a larger contribution to the economy than direct contribution. So, this author has tried to analyze the structure of forestry and compute the repercussion effect and the induced output of primary forest products when utilized by other industries for their raw materials, Hsing the input-output table and attached tables for 1963 and 1966 issued by the Bank of Korea. 1. Analysis of forestry structure A. Changes in total output Durng the nine-year period, 1961-1969, the real gross national product in Korea increased 2.1 times, while that of primary industries went up about 1. 4 times. Forestry which was valued at 9,380 million won in 1961, was picked up about 2. 1 times to 20, 120 million won in 1969. The rate of the forestry income in the GNP, accordingly, was no more than 1.5 percent both in 1961 and 1962, whereas its rate in primary industries increased 3.5 to 5.4 percent. Such increase in forestry income is attributable to increased forest production and rise in timber prices. The rate of forestry income, nonetheless, was on the decrease on a gradual basis. B. Changes in input coefficient The input coefficient which indicates the inputs of the forest products into other sectors were up in general in 1966 over 1963. It is noted that the input coefficient indicating the amount of forest products supplied to such industries closely related with forestry as lumber and plywood, and wood products and furniture, showed a downward trend for the period 1963-1966. On the other hand, the forest input into other sectors was generally on the increase. Meanwhile, the input coefficient representing the yolume of the forest products supplied to the forestry sector itself showed an upward tendency, which meant more and more decrease in input from other sectors. Generally speaking, in direct proportion to the higher input coefficient in any industrial sector, the reinput coefficient which denotes the use of its products by the same sector becomes higher and higher. C. Changes in ratio of intermediate input The intermediate input ratio showing the dependency on raw materials went up to 15.43 percent m 1966 from 11. 37 percent in 1963. The dependency of forestry on raw materials was no more than 15.43 percent, accounting for a high 83.57 percent of value added. If the intermediate input ratio increases in any given sector, the input coefficient which represents the fe-use of its products by the same sector becomes large. D. Changes in the ratio of intermediate demand The ratio of the intermediate demand represents the characteristics of the intermediary production in each industry, the intermediate demand ratio in forestry which accunted for 69.7 percent in 1963 went up to 75.2 percent in 1966. In other words, forestry is a remarkable industry in that there is characteristics of the intermediary production. E. Changes in import coefficient The import coefficient which denotes the relation between the production activities and imports, recorded at 4.4 percent in 1963, decreased to 2.4 percent in 1966. The ratio of import to total output is not so high. F. Changes in market composition of imported goods One of the major imported goods in the forestry sector is lumber. The import value increased by 60 percent to 667 million won in 1966 from 407 million won in 1963. The sales of imported forest products to two major outlets-lumber and plywood, and wood products and furniture-increased to 343 million won and 31 million won in 1966 from 240million won and 30 million won in 1963 respectively. On the other hand, imported goods valued at 66 million won were sold to the paper products sector in 1963; however, no supply to this sector was recorded in 1963. Besides these major markets, primary industries such as the fishery, coal and agriculture sectors purchase materials from forestry. 2. Analysis of repercussion effect on production The repercussion effect of final demand in any given sector upon the expansion of the production of other sectors was analyzed, using the inverse matrix coefficient tables attached to the the I.O. Table. A. Changes in intra-sector transaction value of inverse matrix coefficient. The intra-sector transaction value of an inverse matrix coefficient represents the extent of an induced increase in the production of self-support products of the same sector, when it is generated directly and indirectly by one unit of final demand in any given sector. The intra-sector transaction value of the forestry sector rose from 1.04 in 1963 to 1, 11 in 1966. It may well be said, therefore, that forestry induces much more self-supporting products in the production of one unit of final demand for forest products. B. Changes in column total of inverse matrix coefficient It should be noted that the column total indicates the degree of effect of the output of the corresponding and related sectors generated by one unit of final demand in each sector. No changes in the column total of the forestry sector were recorded between the 1963 and 1966 figures, both being the same 1. 19. C. Changes in difference between column total and intra-sector transaction amount. The difference between the column total and intra-sector transaction amount by sector reveals the extent of effect of output of related industrial sector induced indirectly by one unit of final demand in corresponding sector. This change in forestry dropped remarkable to 0.08 in 1966 from 0.15 in 1963. Accordingly, the effect of inducement of indirect output of other forestry-related sectors has decreased; this is a really natural phenomenon, as compared with an increasing input coefficient generated by the re-use of forest products by the forestry sector. 3. Induced output of forestry A. Forest products, wood in particular, are supplied to other industries as their raw materials, increasng their value added. In this connection the primary dependency rate on forestry for 1963 and 1966 was compared, i. e., an increase or decrease in each sector, from 7.71 percent in 1963 to 11.91 percent in 1966 in agriculture, 10.32 to 6.11 in fishery, 16.24 to 19.90 in mining, 0.76 to 0.70 in the manufacturing sector and 2.79 to 4.77 percent in the construction sector. Generally speaking, on the average the dependency on forestry during the period 1963-1966 increased from 5.92 percent to 8.03 percent. Accordingly, it may easily be known that the primary forestry output induced by primary and secondary industries increased from 16, 109 million won in 1963 to 48, 842 million won in 1966. B. The forest products are supplied to other industries as their raw materials. The products are processed further into higher quality products. thus indirectly increasing the value of the forest products. The ratio of the increased value added or the secondary dependency on forestry for 1963 and 1966 showed an increase or decrease, from 5.98 percent to 7.87 percent in agriculture, 9.06 to 5.74 in fishery, 13.56 to 15.81 in mining, 0.68 to 0.61 in the manufacturing sector and 2.71 to 4.54 in the construction sector. The average ratio in this connection increased from 4.69 percent to 5.60 percent. In the meantime, the secondary forestry output induced by primary and secondary industries rose from 12,779 million Wall in 1963 to 34,084 million won in 1966. C. The dependency of tertiary industries on forestry showed very minor ratios of 0.46 percent and 0.04 percent in 1963 and 1966 respectively. The forestry output induced by tertiary industry also decreased from 685 million won to 123 million won during the same period. D. Generally speaking, the ratio of dependency on forestry increased from 17.68 percent in 1963 to 24.28 percent in 1966 in primary industries, from 4.69 percent to 5.70 percent in secondary industries, while, as mentioned above, the ratio in the case of tertiary industry decreased from 0.46 to 0.04 percent during the period 1963-66. The mining industry reveals the heaviest rate of dependency on forestry with 29.80 percent in 1963 and 35.71 percent in 1966. As it result, the direct forestry income, valued at 8,172 million won in 1963, shot up to 22,724 million won in 1966. Its composition ratio lo the national income rose from 1.9 percent in 1963 to 2.3 per cent in 1966. If the induced outcome is taken into account, the total forestry production which was estimated at 37,744 million won in 1963 picked up to 105,773 million won in 1966, about 4.5 times its direct income. It is further noted that the ratio of the gross forestry product to the gross national product. rose significantly from 8.8 percent in 1963 to 10.7 percent in 1966. E. In computing the above mentioned ratio not taken into consideration were such intangible, indirect effects as the drought and flood prevention, check of soil run-off, watershed and land conservation, improvement of the people's recreational and emotional living, and maintenance and increase in the national health and sanitation. F. In conclusion, I would like to emphasize that the forestry sector exercices an important effect upon the national economy and that the effect of induced forestry output is greater than its direct income.
정보기술의 활용이 마케팅 전략의 중요한 부분으로 부각되는 시장 환경에서 본 논문에서는 패스트푸드 레스토랑에서 주문시 Self Service Technology(SST)를 사용 할 때 기술준비도와 소비자 준비도에 따른 사용동기, 태도, 사용의도의 차이를 검증하고자 하였다. Parasuraman이 TRI를 개발한 이후 SST와 TRI를 접목한 연구가 이루어져 왔지만 여전히 부족한 실정이다. 소비자 준비도 역시 SST사용에 대한 소비자의 동기와 태도 및 의도와 직접적인 영향을 미칠 수 있지만 이에 대한 연구는 이루어지지 않았다. 이에 본 연구에서는 패스트푸드 레스토랑에서 터치스크린 SST를 도입함에 있어 소비자의 기술준비도와 소비자 준비도가 Dabholkar & Bagozzi(1994)가 제안한 SST 핵심태도모델에 미치는 영향을 고찰하였다. 이때 모든 소비자와 상황적 요인에 따른 차이를 파악하고자 자아의식, 상호작용욕구, 기술에 대한 두려움 등의 소비자특성과 지각된 대기시간, 지각된 과밀 등의 상황적 요인에 따른 조절 효과를 검증하였다. AMOS 18.0프로그램을 사용하여 구조방정식 모델로 분석하였고 연구 결과 기술준비도 중 낙관성은 사용용이성과 재미 동기에 유의한 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 혁신성은 사용용이성과 성과에 유의한 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 역할의 명확성, 능력 및 자아 효능감으로 구성된 소비자준비도는 사용용이성, 성과와 재미 등 모든 SST사용동기 요소에 기술준비도보다 강하고 유의한 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 마지막으로 SST 핵심태도모델 내의 SST 사용 동기, 사용 태도 및 사용의도 간의 관계에서 소비자 특성과 상황적 요인의 조절효과를 검증한 결과 지각된 과밀을 제외한 모든 변수들이 조절효과를 지니는 것으로 나타났다. 이러한 연구 결과를 바탕으로 터치스크린 SST를 도입하려는 기업에 실무적 제언을 하였다.