• 대한치과의사협회지
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• 제49권11호
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• pp.670-678
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• 2011

Various sorts of dental devices for the dental treatment have been introduced and adopted during past several years. Dental Laser, among all devices, seems to be possible for applying to over the whole treatments and widely employed. Furthermore, this article is to introduce that Dental Laser is intended to care patients secured with the effectual treatment against Conventional procedures based upon its studies. The advantages of Dental Laser treatment-along with LLLT (Low Level Laser Therapy) effect, biostimulation effect, and minimal invasive technique - make the patients reduce their fear of the operation, lighten the inconvenience of post operation, and shorten the treatment period. In particular, it is worth considering that the use of laser-assisted therapies is associated with a marked reduction in the use of analgesics and anti-inflammatory medications compared with conventional procedures. This article is to state advantages and differences of Dental Laser treatment compared with Conventional procedures, and to emphasize to become well-acquainted with the precautions for safety and effective Dental Laser treatment. In case of operating Dental Laser with lack of the instructions, it will cause the unpredicted fatal results; therefore this treatment requires special care in its operation. Henceforward, it is anticipated that infinite treatment protocols will be introduced by applying Dental Laser, and this is to address the utilization of Dental Laser.

• International Journal of Oral Biology
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• 제41권2호
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• pp.53-62
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• 2016

In the present study, we evaluated the effect of CGM on osteogenic differentiation of cultured osteoblasts, and determined whether combination treatment with LLLT had synergistic effects on osteogenic differentiation. The results indicated that CGM promoted proliferation, differentiation, and mineralization of osteoblasts at the threshold concentration of $10{\mu}g/ml$; whereas, CGM showed cytotoxic properties at concentrations above $100{\mu}g/ml$. ALP activity and mineralization were increased at concentrations above $10{\mu}g/ml$. CGM in concentrations up to $10{\mu}g/ml$ also increased the expression of osteoblast-activated factors including type I collagen, BMP-2, RUNX2, and Osterix. The CGM ($50{\mu}g/ml$) and LLLT (80 mW for 15 sec) combination treatment group showed the highest proliferation levels, ALP activity, and mineralization ratios. The combination treatment also increased the levels of phosphorylated forms of p38, ATF2, PKD, ERK, and JNK. In addition, the osteoblast differentiation factors including type I collagen, BMP-2, RUNX2, and Osterix protein levels were clearly increased in the combination treatment group. These results suggested that the combination treatment of CGM and LLLT has synergistic effects on the differentiation and mineralization of osteoblastic cells.

• 대한통합의학회지
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• 제9권3호
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• pp.185-192
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• 2021

Purpose : Our study aimed to compare the effectiveness of low-level laser therapy (LLLT) and light-emitting diode therapy (LEDT) for chronic pain intensity reduction and body temperature increase in older adults with chronic pain. Methods : Overall, 144 of 332 participants' records were used in this retrospective chart review. The study was conducted at a private health center in Busan city and the integrative medical center of a tertiary care hospital in Daegu city, South Korea. Patients experiencing chronic pain for over 6 months were assigned to either the LLLT or LEDT group. Both groups underwent 16 sessions of phototherapy held twice a week for 8 weeks, with each session lasting 60 minutes. The primary outcomes for both groups were the mean visual analogue scale (VAS) scores and body temperatures in both groups. The secondary outcome was the correlation between changes in body temperature and pain intensity. Measurements were recorded at the baseline and at each follow-up session. Results : A decrease in pain intensity and an increase in body temperature (p<.001) were observed in both groups. There was a significant difference in the VAS scores and temperature changes between the groups (p<.001). Odditionally, there were significant differences in the patterns of change in the VAS score and body temperature between the groups as the sessions progressed (p<.01), and a strong inverse correlation between body temperature and pain intensity changes were observed (p<.01). Conclusion : The use of photobiomodulation therapy at a specific wavelength may improve pain severity and simultaneously increase the body temperature among elderly people with chronic pain.

• Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
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• 제33권1호
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• pp.97-103
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• 2008

본 연구는 부산대학병원 구강내과로 내원하여 삼차신경통으로 진단되어 사전에 실험에 대한 동의를 한 환자 20명(여자 13명, 남자 7명, $42{\sim}77$세, 평균$58.20{\pm}16.99$세)을 연구대상으로 저출력레이저 조사전,후 전류인지역치검사를 하여 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 1. 레이저 조사전,후 이환측과 비이환측의 CPT값의 차이는 없었다. 2. 레이저 조사후 이환측과 비이환측의 CPT값 변화에 유의성은 없었다. 3. 하지만 레이저 조사후 이환측과 비이환측의 $A{\beta}$섬유의 경우 CPT값이 증가하는 경향을 보였다.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• 제26권5호
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• pp.481-489
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• 2000

This research was focused on overall examination of tissue alteration, wound healing promotion. After the hair on the dorsal surface was shaved, $5{\times}5mm$ oval skin defect was formed. Experimental wounds of right side were irradiated on every day for 90 second with Ga-Al-As semi-conductor laser. Left side wounds served as control group. The rats were sacrificed on the 1st, 3rd, 5th, 7th, 14th, 21th day. For light microscopically, parafin section were stained with H&E, MT. The outcomes were as follows : 1. On 1st day, experimental and control group were seen acute inflammatory cell infiltration, edema. 2. On the 3rd days, both groups were seen crust development, collagen, blood vessel proliferation. 3. On the 5th days, experimental group were reduced edema and inflammatory cell infiltration than control group. 4. On the 7th days, both groups were observed edema, inflammatory cell infiltration disappearance and keratinocytes motility from wound defect. 5. On the 14th days, experimental group appeared collagen, blood vessel proliferation and hair follicle than control group. 6. On the 21th days, both groups were seen normal status re-epithelization. According to the above results, The wound-healing stimulated by laser radiation involves an increased rate of epithelial growth. LLLT was confirmed that it has fibroblast, blood vessel proliferation, influence initial wound healing process.

• The Korean Journal of Pain
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• 제3권1호
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• pp.51-54
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• 1990

대상포진후 신경통의 치료를 위하여 사용하였던 스테로이드로 인한 고혈당증을 동반한 환자를 치료한 결과를 다음과 같이 요약한다. 첫째, 통증치료실에서 흔히 쓰이는 약물 중에는 고혈당증을 유발하는 것이 많으므로 처치전에 고혈당이 영향을 주는 다른 질환의 유무를 확인하도록 한다. 둘째, 스테로이드 사용으로 인하여 발생되는 일시적인 고혈당중의 경우에는 스테로이드 사용 중단으로 회복이 가능하나 잠재되어 있던 당뇨병의 발현시는 지속적인 당뇨병의 치료를 필요로 한다. 셋째, low level laser therapy는 혈당치에 영향을 미치지 않는 통증치료법으로 유용하게 사용될 수 있다.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• 제26권6호
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• pp.21-30
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• 2009

Objectives : Being introduced in the 1980s, laser acupuncture studies have been steadily carried on such as its thermal effects on human body. However, the mechanisms of effect are not yet clearly explained. Generally, laser acupuncture could be favorable for pediatric patients or people under special conditions (hemophilia, needle-phobia, pathogen-carriers, etc.) because of lower risk of infection, bleeding, pain or fainting. But there are still problems for using laser acupuncture equivalently as the traditional metal needle. The goal of this study is to review the fundamentals, history and present trend of laser acupuncture study, and to suggest how to develop laser acupuncture as an oriental medical device. Method : We performed literature search using PubMed(http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed) and Scopus(http://www.scopus.com). Search conditions are laser acupuncture, laser needle, LLLT(as title or abstract) or Litscher G(as author). Main target studies are physical fundamentals, clinical trials, physiological results and device proposals. Results : Many research have shown the similarities of laser acupuncture and traditional metal acupuncture and have reported clinical and physiological effects of laser acupuncture. But, still laser acupuncture is not widely used in Korea due to high-cost of equipments and the lack of clear understanding of laser devices. Additionally, there are still challenges in standardization and device development. Conclusions : Frequencies, laser modes, waveguides, adaptor types, polarization and signal modulations are suggested as future study subjects on laser acupuncture. More various studies and efforts for device development have to be performed to provide oriental medical doctors with evidence based confidence about usage of laser acupuncture.

• Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.25-31
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• 1994

This study was performed to investigate the biostimulation effects of low level laser therapy (LLLT) on the fungus, Candida alvicans, according to the interval of irradiation during the cell cycle. Samples were divided into 5 groups which were P7-2Hr, P7-4Hr, P15-2Hr, P15-4Hr and Co. Sample was irradiated for 1 minute with 2 hours or 2 minutes with 4 hours of elapsed time during 28 hours of the cell cycle of Candida albicans, and the optical density was assessed by spectrophotometry every 2 hours. It was found that there was significant difference, in the cell growth, between 2 hour and 4 hour interval laser irradiation, although the total energy of each group using identical pulse during exam was equal.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• 제24권5호
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• pp.137-150
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• 2007

Objectives : To find effects of acupuncture, electro-acupuncture, low level He-Ne laser therapy(LLLT) at $TE_5$, $GB_{41}$ in the neuropathic pain. We made experiment on rats ligated L5 spinal nerve like general herniation of nucleus pulposus(HNP). Methods : A model of neuropathic pain was made by isolating Left 5th lumbar spinal nerve of rats. Three days after the neuropathic surgery, acupuncture and LLLT, electro-acupuncture was injected at $TE_5$, $GB_{41}$ one time a day for a week. Each group was divided two. one is opposite side performed the surgery which is right, another is left side performed the surgery. After that, the author examined the withdrawal response of neuropathic rats' legs by van Frey filament and acetone stimulation. And also the author examined c-Fos, Nociceptin and KOR-3 in the midbrain central gray of neuropathic rats. Results : As we have observed the effect of mechanical allodynia, LT-R group were diminished on 6th day compared with control group, EA-L group, EA-R group and LT-L group were diminished on 7th day compared with control group. As we have observed the effect of cold allodynia, EA-R group were diminished on 6th day, 7th day compared with control group. As we have observed the effect of activity of c-Fos in the central gray part, EA-R group and LT-R group were diminished compared with control group. As we have observed the effect of activity of Nociceptin in the central gray part, EA-R group were a little increased compared with control group but it is not reliability. As we have observed the effect of activity of KOR-3 in the central gray part, EA-R group were significantly increased compared with control group. Conclusions : We have noticed that effect of acupuncture at opposite side of sickness and powerful stimulation could be more effective, because of EA-R group have more controllable effect all test we have done on the other hand EA-L group have only effect on mechanical allodynia. This study can be used in clinical therapy for neuropathic pain. But it is not reliability that Nociceptin have effectively to control pain. Therefore We have to follow up about that.

• Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.17-23
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• 1994

This study was performed to investigate the biostimulation effects of low level laser therapy (LLLT) on the fungus, Candida albicans, during the short term of cell cycle. Samples were divided into 6 groups which were P7, P9, P11, P15< CW and CO. All samples were irradiated for 1 minute with 2 hours of elapsed time during about 27 hours of the cell cycle of Candida albicans, and the optical density was assessed by spectrophotometry every 2 hours. It was found that there was no difference between the control and any other groups irradiated with 2 hours of short interval.