• 생약학회지
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• 제15권4호
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• pp.206-212
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• 1984

The effect of saponin fractions of Panax ginseng root on the interactions of human plasma lipoproteins and lecithin dispersions with dextran sulfate were studied in order to examine the effect of Panax ginseng on the lipid accumulation in the aorta. The total saponin fraction and protopanaxadiol glycosides of Panax ginseng root seemed to slightly enhance the interaction of low density lipoproteins with dextran sulfate in the absence of divalent metal ions. Protopanaxatriol glycosides remarkably inhibited the interaction of low density lipoproteins with dextran sulfate. However, all of these three saponin fractions of Panax ginseng root showed the tendency of inhibition to the interaction of high density lipoproteins with dextran sulfate in the presence of divalent metal ions by the order of protopanxatriol glycosides, protopanaxadiol glycosides and total saponin. Three saponin fractions of Panax ginseng exerted almost same tendency to the interaction of lecithin dispersions with dextran sulfate in the presence of divalent metal ions as the interaction of low density lipoproteins with dextran sulfate absence of divalent metal ions.

• 생약학회지
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• 제9권4호
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• pp.157-167
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• 1978

Atherosclerosis is associated with the presence of extracellular lipid droplets and large fatty deposits, both of which are to be covered at the surface mainly by zwitterionic phospholipids. The development of atherosclerosis is often associated with the accumulation of calcium. Furthermore, the presence of glycosaminoglycans directly underlying fatty deposits in human aorta has been demonstrated. Also, the possible involvement of the interaction between sulfated polysaccharide and lipoprotein in the development of atherosclerosis has been suggested in view of the presence of both low density lipoproteins and glycosaminoglycans, as well as their complexes, in atherosclerotic aortas. Therefore interactions of sulfated polysaccharides with low density lipoproteins which serve as a vehicle for cholesterol and cholesterol ester and with zwitterionic phospholipids have been studied extensively by a number of workers to provide mechanisms. In this paper, the mechanism of the interaction of sulfated polysaccharides with low density lipoproteins and the mechanism of the interaction between sulfated polysaccharides and zwitterionic phospholipids are reviewed. The possibility of the occurence of these interactions in the body are also considered.

• BMB Reports
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• 제43권8호
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• pp.535-540
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• 2010

Patients with hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS) often exhibit altered serum lipid and lipoprotein profile during the oliguric phase of the disease. Serum lipid and lipoprotein profiles were assessed during the oliguric and recovery phases in six male patients with HFRS. In the oliguric phase of HFRS, the apolipoprotein (apo) C-III content in high-density lipoproteins (HDL) was elevated, whereas the apoA-I content was lowered. The level of expression and activity of antioxidant enzymes were severely reduced during the oliguric phase, while the cholesteryl ester transfer protein activity and protein level were unchanged between the phases. In the oliguric phase, electromobility of $HDL_2$ and $HDL_3$ was faster than in the recovery phase. Low-density lipoprotein (LDL) particle size was smaller and the distribution was less homogeneous. Patients with HFRS in the oliguric phase had severely modified lipoproteins in composition and metabolism.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• 제16권3호
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• pp.112-117
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• 1973

The very low density apolipoproteins were separated by a newly developed method of isoelectric focusing in a narrow pH gradient. Four polypeptides were isolated that differed from the major proteins of the high density or low density lipoproteins. Three of these proteins had indistinguishable amino acid compositions, but different isoelectric points, COOH-terminal alanine, no isoleucine, cysteine or cystine. Two of these polypeptides had $NH_2-terminal$ serine. The polymorphism of apolipoprotein-Ala, so designated from the COOH-terminal residue, was related to sialic acid content; one form contained 2 moles of sialic acid per mole of protein, the second, 1 mole of protein, and the third, no sialic acid. The fourth polypeptide had an amino acid composition different from the first three polypeptides and from other polypetides obtained from very low density lipoprotein. This polypeptide had $NH_2-terminal$ threonine, COOH-terminal resistant to carboxypeptidase A, no histidine, cysteine, cystine or sialic acid. These four polypeptides constituted approx. 40% of the total protein in very low density lipoprotein.

• Childhood Kidney Diseases
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• 제26권1호
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• pp.25-30
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• 2022

Dyslipidemia in nephrotic syndrome (NS) is often characterized by marked increases in the levels of total cholesterol, triglycerides, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and other lipoproteins, such as very low-density lipoprotein, intermediate-density lipoprotein, and lipoprotein(a). It has been suggested that impaired catabolism of lipoproteins and cholesterol is mainly due to decreased lipoprotein lipase and hepatic lipase activity, and increased biosynthesis of lipoproteins in the liver. The management strategies for dyslipidemia in patients with NS consist of lifestyle modification, lipid-lowering agents represented by statins, second-line agents such as fibrates and bile acid sequestrants, and lipid apheresis. Compared with dyslipidemia in adult NS patients, whose risks of atherosclerotic disease and progressive renal injury are considered high, clinical data on dyslipidemia in pediatric NS patients are limited. Therefore, it is necessary to pay more attention to the evaluation and management of dyslipidemia in pediatric patients with NS in clinical practice.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제19권5호
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• pp.296-303
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• 1986

흰쥐의 lipoprotein을 제거한 혈장내의 지질전이 활성도와 지진전이를 저해하는 활성도를 측정하였다. 지질전이 활성도의 측정은 방사성 동위원소가 함유된 cholesteryl ester (CE)와 triglyceride (TG) 로 표지된 인체의 혈장 low density lipoprotein 으로부터 high high density lipoprotein(HDL) 으로 전이되는 방사성 동위원소의 양을 측정하여 계산하였다. 지질전이 저해 활성도는 정제한 인체 혈장 지질전이 단백질에 의한 지질전이를 저해하는 정도로서 측정하였다. 흰쥐의 혈장에는 지질전이 활성도가 거의 없으나, 지질전이를 저해하는 활성도는 존재하였다. 지질전이 저해정도는 측정용액내의 lipoprotein 양이 증가할수록 감소하였다. 일반적으로 흰쥐의 HDL은 인체의 HDL에 비하여 CE 의 함량은 높으며 TG의 함량은 낮다. 흰쥐의 혈장에 인체의 혈장으로부터 정제한 지질전이 단백질을 가하여 37$^{\circ}C$에 24시간 두었을 때, HDL 로부터 very low density lipoprotein (VLDL)으로 CE가 이동하여 VLDL 의 CE 함량이 4배나 증가하였다. 반면에 VLDL로부터 HDL$_2$로TG가 이동하여 $HDL_2$의 함량은 TG함량은 9배나 증가하였다. 이와같은 현상은 흰쥐의 혈장 Lipoportein이 지질전이의 기질로서의 결함은 없음을 보여준다. 따라서 지질대사에 관한 실험에서의 흰쥐에 의한 실험결과의 해석에는 인체 혈장에 비하여 혈장에는 lipoprotein사이의 중성지질의 전이나 교환이 거의 없다는 특성이 고려되어야한다.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• 제7권2호
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• pp.133-138
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• 2002

To examine the cholesterol-towering effects of extruded products made with cassava starch (CS) and blends of cassava starch with either resistant starch (CS-RS) or oat fiber (CS-OF) hamsters were fed with diets containing a high-cholesterol (2%) and high-fat (17%) diet for 20 days. Hamsters fed with a diet containing no cholesterol were used as a control. Total cholesterol (TC) levels in the CS-RS and CS-OF groups were significantly (p>0.05) lower compared to the CS group by 11.5% and 8.5%, respectively. Also, the diets containing fibers decreased the value of low-density lipoproteins plus very low-density lipoproteins fraction by 32.4% (CS-RS diet) and 51.7% (CS-OF), respectively, as compared to the CS diet. Total lipid values were significantly (p<0.05) lower in hamsters fed the CS-RS diet (916 mg/dL) and CS-OF diet (964 mg/dL) as compared to those fed the CS diet (1661 mg/dL). The results obtained in this study suggest that extruded products containing cassava starch blended with either resistant starch or oat fleer, could prevent health problems associated with high levels of cholesterol and hypertriglyceridemia induced by a high cholesterol and fat diet.

• Korean Circulation Journal
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• 제48권12호
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• pp.1097-1119
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• 2018

Although elevated serum low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C) is without any doubts accepted as an important risk factor for cardiovascular disease (CVD), the role of elevated triglycerides (TGs)-rich lipoproteins as an independent risk factor has until recently been quite controversial. Recent data strongly suggest that elevated TG-rich lipoproteins are an independent risk factor for CVD and that therapeutic targeting of them could possibly provide further benefit in reducing CVD morbidity, events and mortality, apart from LDL-C lowering. Today elevated TGs are treated with lifestyle interventions, and with fibrates which could be combined with omega-3 fatty acids. There are also some new drugs. Volanesorsen, is an antisense oligonucleotid that inhibits the production of the Apo C-III which is crucial in regulating TGs metabolism because it inhibits lipoprotein lipase (LPL) and hepatic lipase activity but also hepatic uptake of TGs-rich particles. Evinacumab is a monoclonal antibody against angiopoietin-like protein 3 (ANGPTL3) and it seems that it can substantially lower elevated TGs levels because ANGPTL3 also regulates TGs metabolism. Pemafibrate is a selective peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha modulator which also decreases TGs, and improves other lipid parameters. It seems that it also has some other possible antiatherogenic effects. Alipogene tiparvovec is a nonreplicating adeno-associated viral vector that delivers copies of the LPL gene to muscle tissue which accelerates the clearance of TG-rich lipoproteins thus decreasing extremely high TGs levels. Pradigastat is a novel diacylglycerol acyltransferase 1 inhibitor which substantially reduces extremely high TGs levels and appears to be promising in treatment of the rare familial chylomicronemia syndrome.

• 한국식품위생안전성학회지
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.1-8
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• 1997

This study was performed to evaluate the antioxidant activity of silymarin against human low density lipoproteins(LDL) oxidation. Silymarin extracted from Silybum marianum was successively purified with solvent fractionation and followed by silica gel column chromatography. The active substances were separated by HPLC and the isolated active substances, silymarin were identified by IR, NMR, GC-MS as silymarin. Silymarin inhibited at the 5 $\mu$M Cu2+-mediated oxidation of human low density lipoprotein (LDL) in a dose dependent manner. Silymarin completely inhibited LDL oxidation at 50 $\mu\textrm{g}$/$m\ell$ concentration. These findings suggest that silymarin may protect LDL against oxidation in atherosclerotic lessions.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제8권4호
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• pp.353-359
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• 1998

This study was initiated to antioxidant activity of silybin on oxidation of human low density lipoproteins(LDL). Siltbin was extracted from Silybum marianum by the combination of fractionation and it was futher purified by silica gel column chromatography, and isolated active substances were identified silybin by IR, NMR and GC-MS. siltbin inhibited the ozidation of human low density lipoprotein(LDL) mediated by 5$^{\mu}$m CU $^{2+}$ ion in a dose dependent manner. LDL oxidation by congugated dines formation was completely inhibited by silybin at a concentration of 5$^{\mu}$M. The results provide a possibility that silybin might protect LDL against oxidation in atherosclerotic lessions.