• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제45권7호
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• pp.929-940
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• 2013

Environmental fatigue of the metallic components in light water reactors has been the subject of extensive research and regulatory interest in Korea and abroad. Especially, it was one of the key domestic issues for the license renewal of operating reactors and licensing of advanced reactors during the early 2000s. To deal with the environmental fatigue issue domestically, a systematic test program has been initiated and is still underway. The materials tested were SA508 Gr.1a low alloy steels, 316LN stainless steels, cast stainless steels, and an Alloy 690 and 52M weld. Through tests and subsequent analysis, the mechanisms of reduced low cycle fatigue life have been investigated for those alloys. In addition, the effects of temperature, dissolved oxygen level, and dissolved hydrogen level on low cycle fatigue behaviors have been investigated. In this paper, the test results and key analysis results are briefly summarized. Finally, an on-going test program for hot-bending of 347 stainless steel is introduced.

• 대한기계학회논문집
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• 제4권4호
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• pp.152-159
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• 1980

The temperature and the grain boundary precipitation have the great influence on the low-cycle fatigue behavior of austenite stainless steel at elevated temperature. For the purpose of investigating the mechanism concerning the change of fatigue micro crack mode in SUS 316 under various conditions low-cycle fatigue test was carried out at the elevated temperature 600.deg.C, plastic strain range 2% and constant strain rate .5c.p.m. A special attention is given to the observation of intergranular crack initiation. The results obtained are summarized as follows. The low-cycle fatigue behavior of SUS 316 at 600.deg.C is affected by transition of crack initiation mode from intergranular to transgranular. The transition is due to the aging effect, which is caused by grain boundary precipitations of Cr$\_$23/C$\_$6/. Since the intergranular crack initiation is brought about by the grain boundary sliding, the transgranular crack initiates in case that the strengthening of grain boundary due to the precipitation of Cr$\_$23/C$\_$6/ carbides takes place ahead of the intergranular crack initiation.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제62권4호
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• pp.455-464
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• 2017

Rayleigh damping model is recommended in the recently developed Performance-Based Earthquake Engineering (PBEE) methodology, but this methodology does not provide sufficient information due to the complexity of the damping mechanism. Furthermore, each Rayleigh-type damping model may have its individual limitations. In this study, Rayleigh-type damping models that are used widely in engineering practice are discussed. The seismic performance of a large-span single-layer latticed dome subjected to earthquake ground motions is investigated using different Rayleigh damping models. Herein a simulation technique is developed considering low cycle fatigue (LCF) in steel material. In the simulation technique, Ramberg-Osgood steel material model with the low cycle fatigue effect is used to simulate the non-uniformly distributed material damping and low cycle fatigue damage in the structure. Subsequently, the damping forces of the structure generated by different damping models are compared and discussed; the effects of the damping ratio and roof load on the damping forces are evaluated. Finally, the low cycle fatigue damage values in sections of members are given using these damping models. Through a comparative analysis, an appropriate Rayleigh-type damping model used for a large span single-layer latticed dome subjected to earthquake ground motions is determined in terms of the existing damping models.

• Journal of Advanced Marine Engineering and Technology
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• 제40권7호
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• pp.593-598
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• 2016

LNG 선박용 성형 벨로우즈의 성형방법에 따른 특성을 파악하기 위하여 정적시험과 저주기 피로시험을 실시하였다. 벨로우즈의 규정된 수명 사이클인 8,000회를 실시하여 시험전후의 벨로우즈의 각 산에 걸리는 변형률과 응력을 측정하여 성형방법에 따른 벨로우즈간의 차이를 분석하고 산 별 응력분포를 살펴보았다. 본 저주기 피로시험은 x-y방향의 변위가 가능한 유압시스템의 구조시험장비에 성형 벨로우즈를 장착하고 벨로우즈의 각 산에는 스트레인게이지를 장착하고 멀티레코더를 통하여 데이터를 처리하였다. 이를 통하여 벨로우즈가 성형방법에 따른 수명의 차이가 있는지 살펴보았고, 성형방법에 따른 수명의 차이를 주는 원인을 분석하였다.

• 대한기계학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한기계학회 2007년도 춘계학술대회A
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• pp.17-22
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• 2007

Low-cycle environmental fatigue tests of cast austenitic stainless steel CF8M at the condition of fatigue strain rate 0.04%/sec were conducted at the pressure and temperature, 15MPa, $315^{\circ}C$ of a operating pressurized water reactor. The used test rig was limited to install an extensometer at the gauge length of the cylindrical fatigue specimen inside the small autoclave. So the magnet type LVDT's were used to measure the fatigue displacement at the specimen shoulders inside the high temperature and high pressure water autoclave. However, the displacement and strain measured at the specimen shoulders is different from the one at the gauge length for the geometry and the cyclic strain hardening effect. FEM calculated the displacement and the strain of the gauge length from the data measured at the shoulders. Tensile test properties in elastic and plastic behavior of CF8M material were used in the FEM analysis. A series of low cycle fatigue tests simulating the cyclic strain hardening effect verified that the FEM calculation was well agreed with the simulated tests. The process and method developed in this study would be so useful to produce reliable environmental fatigue curves of CF8M stainless steel in pressurized water reactors.

• 대한기계학회논문집A
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• 제40권12호
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• pp.1027-1035
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• 2016

내식성과 기계적 성능이 우수한 316L 스테인리스 강의 저주기 변형률제어 피로시험에서 3가지 변형률진폭과 3가지 변형률비의 조건이 피로수명에 미치는 효과를 분석하였다. 낮은 변형률범위에서 곡선이 거의 중첩되는 Masing 거동이 나타나고, 높은 변형률범위에서 비선형거동 응력범위가 서로 크게 벗어나는 non-Masing 거동과 함께 평균응력의 감소가 나타났다. 소성 변형률에너지를 이용하여 저주기 피로수명을 예측하고 non-Masing 거동을 고려한 수명예측 방법의 정확성 여부를 검토하였다. 각각의 변형률진폭과 변형률비의 조건에서 초기 수 사이클 동안 반복경화 현상 후 장시간동안 점진적으로 낮아져 연화하다가 파괴 되었다. 저사이클 피로수명을 정확히 예측하기 위해서는 변형률진폭에 따라 Masing 및 non-Masing 거동을 구분하고, 이를 반영한 수명예측식을 적용해야 함을 알았다.

• 열처리공학회지
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• 제16권3호
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• pp.141-147
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• 2003

The effects of heat treatment on the fatigue life and welding residual stress of welded plates were investigated in this study. The plates were welded by flux cored arc welding process, and post weld heat treated at $600^{\circ}C$ for 1 hour. The residual stresses of welded plates before and after post weld heat treatment were measured by hole drilling method. To measure the fatigue life of welded plates, low cycle fatigue tests under strain control and high cycle fatigue tests under load control were performed respectively, by using cylindrical specimens containing weld metal and heat affected zone. The obtained result shows that the post weld heat treatment reduces the residual stress, and resultantly changes the fatigue life of welded plate. Goodman diagrammatic analysis has also been performed to study the effect of post weld heat treatment on the high cycle fatigue life.

• 대한기계학회논문집A
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• 제34권10호
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• pp.1419-1425
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• 2010

열간성형된 보론강판은 고강도특성이 필요한 자동차 부품에 널리 적용되고 있으며, 최근에는 샤시 부품에도 점차로 적용되고 있다. 샤시 부품으로 적용되기 위해서 고강도 특성뿐만 아니라 내피로특성이 동시에 요구되고 있어, 본 연구에서 열간성형된 보론강판의 저주기 피로특성을 연구하였다. 저주기 피로시험결과, 총변형률 진폭이 낮은 영역에서는 열간성형된 보론강의 피로수명이 현저히 높았지만, 높은 총변형률 진폭에서는 열간성형된 보론강의 마르텐사이트 조직특성인 낮은 연성과 파괴인성으로 인해서 보론강 원소재의 피로수명이 더 높음을 확인할 수 있었다.

• 대한기계학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한기계학회 2008년도 추계학술대회A
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• pp.368-371
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• 2008

An extensometer system to measure strain and displacement of cylindrical fatigue specimen in a autoclave of high temperature and high pressure environment has been developed by KEPRI. The extensometer reads the displacement caused by fatigue loads at the target length of the specimen installed inside the autoclave. The performance of the extensometer were tested at 15MPa, $315^{\circ}C$ of a operating pressurized water reactor. Two LVDT's of magnet type were connected to the extensometer and used for converting the fatigue displacement to electronic signal. The device is being used for developing environmental fatigue curve of CF8M cast austenitic stainless steel (CASS) in the test condition of low cycle and low strain. This paper introduces the background and results of the development.

• 열처리공학회지
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• 제28권2호
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• pp.68-74
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• 2015

The low cycle fatigue (LCF) and creep-fatigue (hold time tension fatigue, HTTF) tests were performed on the modified 25Cr-13Ni cast stainless steel, which was selected as a candidate material for exhaust manifold in automotive engine. The exhaust manifold is subjected to an environment in which heating and cooling cycle occur due to the running pattern of automotive engine. Several types of fatigue behaviour such as thermal fatigue, thermal mechanical fatigue and creep-fatigue are belong to the main failure mechanisms. High temperature tensile test was firstly carried out to compare the sample with the traditional cast steel for the component. The low cycle fatigue and HTTF tests were carried out under the strain controlled condition with the total strain amplitude from ${\pm}0.6%$ to ${\pm}0.7%$ at $800^{\circ}C$. The hysteresis loops of HTTF tests showed significant stress relaxation during tension hold time. With the increase of tension hold time, the fatigue life was remarkably deceased which caused from the formation of intercrystalline crack by the creep failure mechanism.