• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.65 no.6
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• pp.1242-1253
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• 2023

The present study aimed to investigate the feasibility of using a diet low in lysine content as a means for increasing the intramuscular fat (IMF) content and pork muscle quality of finishing pigs. Thirty-two crossbred gilts and barrows weighing approximately 80 kg were fed either a low-lysine diet (0.60%; Low-lys) or a control diet (0.80% lysine; Med-lys) under a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement of treatments. The animals were slaughtered at a 132-kg body weight (BW) on average, followed by physicochemical analyses and sensory evaluation on Longissimus lumborum (LL) and Semitendinosus (ST) muscles. The average daily gain (ADG) did not differ between the Med-lys and Low-lys groups. However, ADG exhibited a tendency of sex × diet interaction (p = 0.09), being greater for barrows vs. gilts on the Low-lys diet (p < 0.05), but not on the Med-lys diet. Backfat thickness adjusted for 132-kg BW also exhibited the interaction; it was greater for the Low-lys vs. Med-lys group within gilts but tended to be less for the former in barrows (p = 0.08). The IMF content was not influenced by the diet or sex in either LL or ST. The a^*, b^*, and Warner-Bratzler Shear Force values and fatty acid composition were influenced by the sex or diet in either or both of the muscles, but the treatment effects did not apparently influence the meat quality. Sensory scores for the flavor, juiciness, tenderness, umami, and palatability of cooked muscle were not influenced by the diet in either LL or ST. When the LL and ST data were pooled, scores for those sensory attributes were positively correlated with the IMF content, which was associated with overall greater IMF contents and greater sensory scores for ST vs. LL. Collectively, the Low-lysine diet seemingly elicited the intended lysine deficiency in gilts as indicated by the increased BFT due to the diet. However, the Low-lys diet was not effective for increasing the IMF deposition or eating quality of the pork muscle of finishing pigs slaughtered at high BW probably because its lysine content was not low enough to elicit either outcome.

• Journal of Agricultural Extension & Community Development
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.617-647
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• 2012

The purpose of this study was to identify the predictors of suicidal ideation of rural residents. This study was based on predictors of suicidal ideation of urban residents. The participants were adolescents, adults, and seniors sampled from 10 provinces all over the country, from May to Aug, 2010. The data for the study were analysed as decision tree analysis. The major results of the study were as follows. First, a main predictor of suicidal ideation for rural residents was high depression. Unlike rural residents, urban residents reporting high depression and influence of mass media showed high suicidal ideation. Second, interaction of depression and family solidarity was important predictor of suicide ideation both rural and urban residents, but a condition that effects the situation differed between rural and urban residents. Rural residents reporting high depression and high family solidarity showed high suicidal ideation, urban residents reporting low depression and high family solidarity showed low suicidal ideation. Stress was also operate differently. Rural residents reporting moderate depression, low family solidarity and high stress showed high suicidal ideation, but stress of urban resident was not a important predictors of suicidal ideation. And rural residents reporting low depression and low stress showed the lowest level of suicidal ideation, urban residents reporting low family solidarity and low depression showed the lowest level of suicidal ideation.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Physical Medicine
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• v.7 no.4
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• pp.443-450
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• 2012

PURPOSE: This study was investigated to find the validity of active movement control test for low back pain patients with or without hamstring shortening. METHODS: The subjects of this study were 28 subjects and all of them agreed to participate in the study. All subjects were classified according to 4groups. Group1 was no LBP, no hamstring shortening. Group2 was no LBP, hamstring shortening. Group3 was LBP, no hamstring shortening. Group4 was LBP, hamstring shortening. We measured to see their low back pain and hamstring shortening with VAS, Goniometer for active movement control test. We analyzed the data using Cochran Q test and crosstabulation for agreement index. RESULTS: The results of this study were as follows : 1) Low back pain had effect on active movement control by Group1 and Group2. 2) Hamstring had effect on active movement control by Group1 and Group2 3)Low back pain with or without hamstring shortening had effect on active movement control by Group4 CONCLUSION: According the results of this study, active movement control test were significantly influenced on low back pain and hamstring interaction.

• The Bulletin of The Korean Astronomical Society
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• v.39 no.1
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• pp.43.1-43.1
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• 2014

It has been suggested that only the most luminous AGNs ($L{\geq}$ [10] $^{45}L_{\odot}$ ) are triggered by galaxy mergers, while less luminous AGNs (L~ [10] $^{43}L_{\odot}$) are driven by other internal processes. Lack of merging features in low luminosity AGN host galaxies has been a main argument against the idea of merger triggering of low luminosity AGNs, but merging, especially a rather minor one, might still have played an important role in low luminosity AGNs since minor merging features in low luminosity are more difficult to identify than major merging features. Using SNUCAM on the 1.5m telescope at Madanak observatory, we obtained deep images of NGC 7743 which is a barred spiral galaxy classified as a Seyfert 2 AGN with a low bolometric luminosity of $5{\times}$ [10] $^{42}L_{\odot}$. Surprisingly, we newly discovered merging features around the galaxy, which indicate past merging activity on the galaxy. This example indicates the merging fraction of low luminosity AGNs may be much higher than previously thought, hinting the importance of galaxy merger even in low luminosity AGN.

• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.58 no.4
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• pp.406-417
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• 2014

The importance of small group activity has recently been emphasized in the gifted education in science because of the increased needs to foster the human resources that could explore through the communication and collaboration. In this study, we investigated the characteristics of the verbal interaction according to the learning styles of the gifted-students in science in the small group activity and examined how learning style affected the interaction within a group in order to seek an effective grouping strategy. The competition, cooperative, and dependent students with learning style in the small group 1 and the cooperative, cooperative, dependent students in the small group 2 were assigned by the 6 science high school students. The analyses of the results revealed that the small group 1 showed the asymmetric interaction of the low level, whereas the small group 2 showed the symmetric interaction of the high level. In other words, the frequencies of in-depth interaction in the small group 2 were higher than those in the small group 1, and also students in the small group 2 were equally involved in the activity rather than the small group 1. These results suggested that the grouping by the students' learning styles in the small group activity should affect significantly the participation decision in activity and the level of verbal interaction. Educational implications of theses findings were discussed.

• Science of Emotion and Sensibility
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.85-102
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• 2023

This study aims to examine whether emotional clarity predicts low levels of social interaction anxiety among senior citizens and to verify whether self-esteem and self-efficacy play a critical role as mediators between them. An online survey measuring emotional clarity, social interaction anxiety, self-esteem, and self-efficacy was conducted with 217 Korean senior citizens. The analysis revealed that emotional clarity in old age predicted lower social interaction anxiety. Besides, self-esteem mediated the relationship between emotional clarity and social interaction anxiety, while self-efficacy did not produce consistent results. That is, recognizing one's emotions increases one's self-esteem, which reduces social interaction anxiety, but this mediating effect could not be confirmed through self-efficacy. This result emphasizes that recognizing one's emotions in old age is an important factor in facilitating interaction with others, and shows that individuals can be comfortable in relational situations because emotional clarity increases one's self-esteem. Finally, the implications of this study and the future direction of this research area were discussed.

• International Journal of Human Ecology
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.64-71
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• 2014

This study empirically compares the influence of sex-appeal fashion Point-of-Purchase (POP) types on attitude towards advertising. It also highlights the moderating roles of gender and the level of sensation seeking. Three sex-appeal fashion POP types (nude/semi-nude/body conscious) were developed for this study and the interaction effect of the types of sex-appeal fashion POP advertising and gender was tested. In addition, interaction effect of the types of sex-appeal fashion POP advertising and the level of sensation seeking (high/low) was tested. The results found that gender influenced consumer attitudes toward sex-appeal fashion POP advertising type. Male consumers showed a more favorable attitude toward advertising for the nude type than others; however, female consumers showed a more favorable attitude toward advertising for semi-nude and body conscious type than the nude type. The results also found a significant two-way interaction effect of sexual POP advertising types and sensation seeking on attitude toward POP advertising. High sensation seekers preferred nude and semi-nude type POP advertising to body conscious POP advertising. It is useful to investigate how various marketing factors support attitude toward POP advertising in the context of sexual fashion POP advertising and which factors exert the strongest influence within different degrees of nudity.

• Proceedings of the KSME Conference
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• 2001.06e
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• pp.57-62
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• 2001

Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute (KAERI) launched an intermediate scale steam explosion experiment named Test for Real cOrium Interaction with water (TROI) using reactor material to investigate whether the corium would lead to energetic steam explosion when interacted with cold water at low pressure. The melt-water interaction is confined in a pressure vessel with the multi-dimensional fuel and water pool geometry. The cold crucible technology, where the mixture of powder in a water-cooled cage is heated by high frequency induction, is employed. In this paper, results of the first series of tests ($TROI-1{\sim}5$) were discussed. The ZrO2 jets with 5kg mass and 5cm diameter were poured into the 67cm deep water pool at $30{\sim}95^{\circ}C$. Either spontaneous steam explosions or quenching was observed. The morphology of debris and pressure wave profiles clearly indicates the each case.

• Genomics & Informatics
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.166-172
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• 2016

Although a large number of genetic variants have been identified to be associated with common diseases through genome-wide association studies, there still exits limitations in explaining the missing heritability. One approach to solving this missing heritability problem is to investigate gene-gene interactions, rather than a single-locus approach. For gene-gene interaction analysis, the multifactor dimensionality reduction (MDR) method has been widely applied, since the constructive induction algorithm of MDR efficiently reduces high-order dimensions into one dimension by classifying multi-level genotypes into high- and low-risk groups. The MDR method has been extended to various phenotypes and has been improved to provide a significance test for gene-gene interactions. In this paper, we propose a simple method, called accelerated failure time (AFT) UM-MDR, in which the idea of a unified model-based MDR is extended to the survival phenotype by incorporating AFT-MDR into the classification step. The proposed AFT UM-MDR method is compared with AFT-MDR through simulation studies, and a short discussion is given.

• 한국전산유체공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2004.03a
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• pp.126-131
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• 2004

The interaction between the hypersonic free stream and the side jet flow at high altitudes is investigated by direct simulation Monte Carlo(DSMC) method. Since there is a great difference in density between the free stream and the side jet flow, the weighting factor technique which could control the number of simulation particles, is applied to calculate these two flows simultaneously. Chemical reactions are not considered in the calculation. For validation, the corner flow passing between a pair of plates that are perpendicularly attached is solved. The side jet flow is then injected into this comer flow and solution is found for the merged flow. Results are compared with the experiments. For a more realistic rocket model, the flow past a blunted cone cylinder shape is solved. The leeward or windward jet injection is merged with this flow. The effect on the rocket surface is observed at various flow angles. The lambda effect and the wake structure are found like low attitudes. High interaction between the free stream and the side jet flow is observed when the side jet is injected in the windward direction.