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Seasonal Variations of Metacercarial DEnsity of Clonorchis sinensis in Fish Intermediate Host, Pseudorasbora parva (간흡충 유행지역에서 참붕어내 피낭유충 감염밀도의 계절적 변동)

  • Gang, Sin-Yeong;Kim, Seok-Il;Jo, Seung-Yeol
    • Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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    • 제23권1호
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    • pp.87-94
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    • 1985
  • The seasonal variations of the rate and intensity of metacercarial infection of C. sinensis in P. parva were observed. The fish were collected at Sun-Am River which located in Kim-Hae City, Kyong-Sang Nam Do (=Province), Korea, from March 1983, to February 1984 every month. A total of 788 fish was examined. The number of metacercariae in each fish was individually counted after the individual digestion by artificial gastric juice. The results were as follows: 1. During one year, 513 (65.1%) out of 788 fish were infected with metacercariae. In May, June, July and September, the infection rates ranged from 82.0% to 98.6% whereas the rates was relatively low in March, April, November and February ranging from 11.4% to 64.7%. 2. The intensity of infection was similar with those of infection rates. The mean intensity per infected fish was 103.0 and standard deviation was 118.9 throughout one year. The highest mean intensity was in June (294.8) and the lowest in November (11.1). 3. The observed frequency of fish with certain intensities of metacercariae were fitted to theoretical equations derived from negative binomial distribution in March, April, November and February (p>0.05). Meanwhile, the equation of lognormal distribution were fitted with the observed frequencies in May, June, July and September (p>0.05, p>O. 75). The variance/mean ratio varied by month. The value was the highest in July (814.3) and the lowest in November (158.8). Unlike our hypothesis, the metacercarial density of Clonorchis sinensis in its the most favorable fish host, Pseudorasbora parva showed considerable seasonal variations in the hyperendemic area. The possible factors were discussed.

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Review: Distribution, Lactose Malabsorption, and Alleviation Strategies of Lactose Intolerance (유당불내증(Lactose Intolerance)의 발생 원인과 경감 방안에 대한 고찰)

  • Yoon, Sung-Sik
    • Journal of Dairy Science and Biotechnology
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    • 제27권2호
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    • pp.55-62
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    • 2009
  • Milk is called an almost complete food in terms of nutrition, especially for the younger generations because it contains a number of nutrients required for growth and development. Lactose intolerance is defined as a malabsorption of lactose in the intestine with some typical symptoms of abdominal pains and bloating, and occurred at 75% of global populations, which hampers milk consumption worldwide. Lacks of milk consumption in the underdeveloped countries frequently lead to many nutrients deficiencies, so that diseases including osteoporosis, hypertension, and colon cancer are more prevalent in the recent days. Lactose in foods needs to be hydrolyzed prior to intestinal absorption. The hydrolytic enzyme responsible for splitting lactose into its monomeric forms, glucose and galactose, is called as lactase or ββ-galactosidase. The former is primarily used as blood sugar and energy source and the latter used in glycolipid synthesis of brain tissues in infants. Lactose is clinically diagnosed with the breath hydrogen production test as well as intestinal biopsy. Reportedly, symptoms of lactose intolerance are widely prevalent at 25% of Europeans, 50 to 80% of Hispanics, South Indians, Africans, and Jews, almost 100% of Asians and native Americans. For the adults, phenotype of lactase persistence, which is able to hydrolyse lactose, is more common in the northern Europeans, but in the other area lactase non-persistence or adult-type hypolactasia is dominant. Genetic analysis on human lactase gene continued that lactase persistence was closely related to the err site of 1390 single nucleotide polymorphism from the 5'-end. To alleviate severity of lactose intolerance symptoms, some eating patterns including drinking milk a single cup or less, consumption along with other foods, whole milk rather than skimmed milk, and drink with live yogurt cultures, are highly recommended for the lactose maldigesters. Also, delay of gastric emptying is effective to avoid the symptoms from lactose intolerance. Frequency of lactose intolerance with conventional diagnosis is thought overestimated mainly because the subjects are exposed to too much lactose of 50 g rather than a single serving amount. Thus simple and accurate diagnostic method for lactose intolerance need to be established. It is thought that fermented milk products and low- or free lactose milks help improve currently stagnant milk consumption due to lactose intolerance which contributes to major barrier in milk marketing especially in Asian countries.

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Human Leukocyte Antigen(HLA) Genotypes and Thyroid Autoimmunity in Korean Patients with Type 1 Diabetes (한국인 제 1형 당뇨병 환자들의 HLA 유전자형 및 자가면역성 갑상선 질환의 병발 양상)

  • Kang, So Young;Shin, Chung Ho;Yang, Sei Won;Park, Myoung Hee;Yu, Jeesuk
    • Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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    • 제48권6호
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    • pp.624-633
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    • 2005
  • Purpose : This study analyzed the expression of HLA-DR and DQ genotypes and anti-thyroid autoantibodies[anti-thyroid peroxidase(TPO) and anti-thyroglobulin(TG) antibodies] in Korean patients with type 1 diabetes(T1DM) to investigate the susceptible HLA alleles to T1DM in Korea and the prevalence of thyroid autoantibodies and their significance for the development of thyroid disorders. Methods : A total of 59 Korean patients with type 1 diabetes[26 males, median age 13.7 years(range 5.7-29.9 years), diabetes duration 7.6 years(-1.7-22.5 years)] were enrolled in this study, and 200 healthy Koreans without a family history of diabetes were selected as a normal control for the comparison of HLA genotypes. Seventeen patients with anti-TPO or anti-TG were followed [median duration 3.96 years(1 day-10.7 years)] with measurement of anti-TPO, anti-TG, T3T3, T4T4 or free T4T4, TSH levels and physical examinations. HLA-DR and DQ genotyping were done by PCR-SSO, PCR-SSCP, PCR-RFLP and PCR-SSP methods. Results : HLA analysis showed higher frequencies of HLA-DRB1*0301, *090102 and DQB1*0201, *030302 alleles, DRB1*0301/*090102, *090102/*090102 and DQB1 *0201/*030302, *030302/*030302, *0201/ *0302 genotypes in T1DM patients compared to controls(Pc<0.05). Fifteen(25.4 percent) had anti-TPO antibody, 12(20.3 percent) had anti-TG, 17(28.8 percent) had either autoantibody and 10(16.9 percent) had both autoantibodies. No clinical or subclinical hypothyroidism developed during follow-up after the first detection of anti-thyroid autoantibody. There was no significant correlation between thyroid autoimmunity and gender, onset age of T1DM, and diabetes duration, respectively(P>0.05). Conclusion : We thought this unique HLA-DR, DQ allele distribution might be an important factor for the low incidence of T1DM in Korea. And a high prevalence of thyroid autoantibodies in these populations suggests examinations of thyroid antibodies should be performed regularly. Optimal age for the initial screening and the frequency of re-screening for associated thyroid autoimmune diseases in T1DM remains to be determined through prospective follow-up.

Antibiotic Sensitivity to the Major Causative Organisms of Acute Urinary Tract Infection in Children (소아 요로감염증의 주요 원인균과 항생제 감수성)

  • Lee, Yung Kwun;Lee, Hee Chul;Chun, Jung Mi;Yoon, So Young;Lee, Woo Gill;Shin, Son Moon
    • Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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    • 제48권7호
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    • pp.760-765
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    • 2005
  • Purpose : We studied the changes in antibiotic sensitivity to the causative organisms of urinary tract infection(UTI), in order to provide useful information on the choice of adequate drugs in the treatment of UTI. Methods : We retrospectively analyzed the major causative organisms and their antibiotic sensitivities in 69 patients diagnosed with UTI in the Department of Pediatrics, Samsung Cheil Hospital from 2002 to 2003. Results : The frequency of UTI was the highest in infants younger than 1 year of age(88.4 percent). The male to female ratio was 3.05 : 1. Escherichia coli was the most frequent organism(78.3 percent), followed by Klebsiella(11.6 percent), Pseudomonas(2.9 percent), Proteus(2.9 percent), Enterobacter, Morganelle, and Enterococcus(1.4 percent) in descending order. Antibiotic sensitivity of gram negative organisms was above 90 percent against imipenem, amikacin, 80 percent against aztreonam, cefepime, ceftriaxone, 50-70 percent against gentamicin, trimethoprime-sulfamethoxazole (TMP/SMX), and 23 percent against ampicillin(23.4 percent). Conclusion : Antibiotict sensitivity of gram negative organisms was high to amikacin and third generation cephalosporins but low to ampicillin, gentamicin and TMP/SMX. The use of ampicillin or TMP/SMX, as the first choice of the empiric and prophylactic treatment for UTI, should be reconsidered and investigated further.

Trends and Refractive Status of Cataract Surgery - An Optometry Clinic-Based Survey in Chungbuk (백내장 수술 경향과 굴절상태 - 충북 지역의 안경원 중심으로 조사)

  • Kim, Hyeong-Su;Son, Jeong-Sik;Yu, Dong-Sik
    • Journal of Korean Ophthalmic Optics Society
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    • 제18권2호
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    • pp.143-148
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    • 2013
  • Purpose: The aim of this study was to investigate the distribution of age and gender, types of intraocular lens (IOL), and refractive errors in subjects who had cataract surgery. Methods: 2,217 subjects who had cataract surgery were surveyed at an optometry clinic in Chungbuk from 2010 to 2012. Information about IOL was obtained from case history, reflective and retroillumination images IOL by auto refracto-keratometer. Refractive errors were determined by objective and subjective refraction. Results: The mean age of the subjects was 71.74±10.6271.74±10.62 years. The number of cataract surgeries increased from 524 persons in 2010 to 888 persons in 2012. Of the subjects surveyed, 52 persons (2.3%) were under the 40 years of age, 144 persons (6.5%) were in 50s, 404 persons (18.2%) were in 60s, 1,132 persons (51.1%) were in 70s, 485 persons (21.9%) were in above 80s. Cataract surgery was significantly prevalent in more female (1,338 persons, 60.4%) than in male (879 persons, 39.6%). Types of IOL were 2,141 persons (96.6%) for monofocal lens, special IOLs such as multifocal, accommodative and toric lens were 76 persons (3.4%). The distribution of refractive errors after cataract operation were 1,588 eyes (38.5%) for simple myopic astigmatism, 327 eyes (7.9%) for simple hyperopic astigmatism, 601 eyes (14.6%) for mixed astigmatism, 1,240 eyes (30.0%) for myopia, 136 eyes (3.3%) for hyperopia, and 234 eyes (5.7%) for emmetropia. The uncorrected and best corrected visual acuity of the subjects were 0.55±0.250.55±0.25 and 0.80±0.230.80±0.23, respectively. Conclusions: The prevalence of cataract surgery increased with age until 70s years of age, it was more prevalent in men than women over 60s, and frequency of special types of IOL were low. Most cataract surgeries left residual refractive errors. Therefore even after cataract surgery it may need spectacles for better vision at either distance or near.

A Study on the Residents' Perception about New Towns of Seoul Metropolitan Area (수도권 신도시에 대한 주민의 인식 평가 연구)

  • Yoon, Jeong-Joong;Yoon, Jeong-Ran
    • Journal of the Korean Regional Science Association
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    • 제35권3호
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    • pp.45-58
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    • 2019
  • The government is recently pushing for five large-scale public housing sites near Seoul, the so-called third wave of new towns. In this regard, this study sought to analyze the key considerations in planning new towns from the perspective of the residents who are the consumers, using survey data. For this purpose, frequency analysis and variance analysis(ANOVA) were conducted on existing first and second era of new towns and the third era of new towns scheduled for construction. Eight indicators, such as environmental comfort, self-sufficiency such as jobs, transportation access and convenience, were set as subordinate variables, and characteristics of residents, including gender, age, number of households, household income, occupation, and residential areas, were set as explanatory variables. According to the analysis, the respondents rated the first era of new towns more positively than the second era of new towns. For self-sufficiency items such as jobs, both the first and second era of new towns showed low levels. In addition, for the eight indicators, the first era of new towns were no significant differences depending on gender, number of households, or household income, and the second era of new towns were no significant differences by the number of households, household income, occupations or place of residence. However, for new towns in the third period, the assessment of the importance of each indicator by age, number of households, household income and occupation showed significant differences. The results of the multi-comparison analysis of the third era of new towns showed that the importance of environmental comfort was highly valued by the youth, the managerial/professional/clerical position, single or five more persons of household, and the youth, high income household, the managerial/professional/clerical position when it comes to accessibility and convenience of transportation. It suggests that various personal characteristics and demands for each of the planning indicators need to be considered in planning for the third era of new towns.

Empirical Orthogonal Function Analysis of Surface Pressure, Sea Surface Temperature and Winds over the East Sea of the Korea (Japan Sea) (한국 동해에서의 해면기압, 해수면온도와 해상풍의 경험적 직교함수 분석)

  • NA Jung-Yul;HAN Snag-Kyu;SEO Jang-Won;NOH Yi-Gn;KANG In-Sik
    • Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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    • 제30권2호
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    • pp.188-202
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    • 1997
  • The seasonal variability of the sea surface winds over the last Sea of Korea (Japan Sea) is investigated by means of empirical orthogonal function (EOF) analysis. The combined representation of fields of three climatic variables by empirical orthogonal functions is discussed. The eigenvectors are derived from daily sea level pressure, wind speed and 10-day mean sea surface temperature (SST) during 15 years (1978\~1992)(1978\~1992). The spatial patterns of the mean pressure are characterized by the high pressure in the western part and the low pressure in the eastern part. The spatial distribution of the standard deviation (SD) of pressure are characterized by max SD of 6.6 mb near the Vladivostok, and minima along the coast of the Japan. In Vladivostok, the maxima of SD of SST and south-north wind (WV) were also occurred. The representation of fields of individual meteorological variables by EOF shows that the first mode of the west-east wind (WU) explain over 47.3%47.3% of the variance and the second mode of WU represents 30%30%. Especially, the first mode of the WV explain 70.9%70.9% of the variance and their time series coefficients show 1-cpy, 0.5-cpy frequency spectrum. The spatial distribution of the first mode eigenvectors of SST are characterized by maximum near Vladivostok. The combined representation of fields of several variables (pressure, wind, SST) reveals that the first mode magnitudes of the variance of the combined eigenvectors (WU-PR) are increased. By means of this result, the 1-year peak and the 6-months peak are remarkable. In the three combined patterns (wind, pressure, SST), the second mode of the eigenvector (wind) is affected by the SST. Their time coefficients of the first mode show noticeable 1-year peak. The spectral analysis of the second mode shows broad seasonal signal with the period of 4-months and a significant peak of variability at 3-month period.

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Ecology of the Macrozoobenthos in Chinhae Bay, Korea 2. Distribution Pattern of the Major Dominant Species (진해만 저서동물의 군집생태 2. 우점종의 분포)

  • LIM Hyun-Sig;HONG Jae-Sang
    • Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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    • 제30권2호
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    • pp.161-174
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    • 1997
  • A study on the distribution of the major domiant species of macrobenthos was carried out in Chinhae Bay from lune 1987 to May 1990. The 13 dominant species, based on the number of individuals and frequency, occupied more than 70%70% of the total individuals. Of these species, 11 species represented polychaetes (85%)(85%) and 2 species molluscs (15%)(15%). The dominant species included Lumbrineris longifolia, Paraprionospio pinnata and Theora fragilis, with a density of 173.3(±55.4),169.3(±257.8)and81.8(±93.3)ind./m2173.3(±55.4),169.3(±257.8)and81.8(±93.3)ind./m2, respectively. In terms of biomass these dominant species occupied move than 75%75% of the total biomass of the macrobenthos. These were composed of 6 species of polychaetes, 7 of molluscs and one echinoderm. The biomass of Macoma tokyoensis, Periglypta cf. puerpera and Paraprionospio pinnata were predominant (more than 45%45% of the total biomass), and their biomass were 14.69(±30.17),8.71(±29.40),4.17(±11.93)g/m214.69(±30.17),8.71(±29.40),4.17(±11.93)g/m2, respectively. In terms of density, distribution patterns of Lumbrineris iongifolia, Paraprionospio pinnata, Aricidea jeffreysii, Magelona japonica, Sigambra tentaculata, Raetellops pulchella, Glycinde gurjanovae were discussed. In the inner area of the bay with high organic content, Lumbrineris longifolia, Paraprionospio pinnata, Aricides jeffreysii, Sigambra tentaculata, Raetellops pulchella were pvedominant, whereas in the mouth of the bay with low organic content, Magelona japonica, Glycinde gurjanovae, Sternaspis scutata, Theora fragilis were dominant. Lumbrineris longifolia was widly distributed throughout the bay. However, Paraprionospio pinnata, Aricidea jeffreysii and Sigambra tentaculata had high density particularly in the central pan of the bay where there was high organic content in surface sediment, and these species possibly can be used as the potential pollution indicating species.

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A Study on Serum Dopamine-ββ-Hydroxylase Activity and Thermostability in a Randomly Selected Population of Adults (정상인 혈청 Dopamine-ββ-Hydroxylase 활성도 및 Thermostability에 관한 검토)

  • Song Dong-Keun;Suh Yoo-Hun;Woo Jong-Inn;Shin Sang-Goo;Park Chan-Woong
    • The Korean Journal of Pharmacology
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    • 제22권1호
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    • pp.60-70
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    • 1986
  • Distributions of serum dopamine-ββ-hydroxylase(DBH) activity and thermostability in a randomly selected population of Korean adults were studied to investigate the genetic factor which could exert an influence on the serum DBH activity and thermostability. The results were followings: 1. The mean serum DBH activity in a randomly selected population of adults was 18.3±4.518.3±4.5 umol/min/l(mean±SD;n=327mean±SD;n=327) which showed no age or sex variation. 2. The frequency distribution showed no isolated subgroup with very low serum DBH activity. 3. When the ratio of enzyme activity after heating 55C55C for 20 minutes to that before heating (heated-to-control or H/C ratio). was used as a measure of thermostability, the mean serum DBH H/C ratio in a randomly selecfld population, of adults was 0.90±0.17(mean±SD;n=327)0.90±0.17(mean±SD;n=327) which showed no age or sex variation. 4. Serum DBH H/C ratio showed unimodal, homogeneous distribution. 5. There was significant negative correlation between serum DBH activity and H/C ratio(r=-0.39. p<0.01). 6. Subjects with H/C ratio less than 0.1 had significantly higher basal enzyme activity (22.2±4.5)(22.2±4.5) (mean±SD;n=33)(mean±SD;n=33) umo1/min/1 than those with H/C ratio more than 1.09 (15.5±3.3)(15.5±3.3) (mean±SD;n=32)(mean±SD;n=32) umo1/min/1. This study shows that the distribution patterns of serum DBH activity and thermostability of Korean population are considerably different from those of Caucasian and it might be a line of evidence for the different inheritance pattern of plasma DBH enzyme between these racial groups.

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Apo E4 Genotype as the Alzheimer Indictor in Korean Senior Subjects Aged 50 to 64 Years Old (남녀 노인층에서 Alzheimer위험 예측 인자로써의 Apo E4 Genotype에 관한 연구)

  • Oh, Hyun-Hee;Shin, Eun-Jung;Kim, Hyun-Sook;Lim, Yun-Sook;Park, Mi-Young;Kim, Kkoch-Byul;Kim, Eun-Mee;Lee, Myoung-Sook
    • Journal of Nutrition and Health
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    • 제40권7호
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    • pp.593-600
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    • 2007
  • Recent studies described the ε4ε4 allele of apoE confers a two-to fourfold increased risk for late-onset Alzheimer#s disease (LOAD), but LOAD pathology does not all fit neatly around apo E. Therefore, the goal of this study was to find the association between Alzheimer and apo E4 genotype in the 107 elderly between 50 to 64 years old who visited to FHWC of Sungshin Women#s University. We conducted the questionnaire survey (general & 24 hr dietary recall), anthropometerics (BP, waist & BMI) and blood biochemistry (FBS & lipid profiles). LDL-c and HOMA-IR were calculated by Friedwald#s and Matthew#s formulas. The apo E genotyping was performed by PCR-RFLP method and subjects were divided into three allele groups (ε3ε3; wild, ε2ε2 & ε4;ε4; mutants). The apo E allele frequencies were 7.0% for the ε2ε2, 83.6% for the ε3ε3 and 9.3% for the ε4ε4. In comparison with biochemistry characteristics by apo E genotype, FBS was significantly higher in ε4(129.2±6.8)ε4(129.2±6.8) than that in the others (ε2ε2: 117±7.4117±7.4, ε3ε3: 107.3±2.2)107.3±2.2) (p<0.01). More than forty percents of ε4ε4 group shown the dyslipidemia [high TG (>150mg/dl) & low HDL (<40 mg/dl:male or <50 mg/dl: female)]. The cytokines levels such as IL-1 ββ, IL-6 and TNFαTNFα were not different among three apoE alleles. After the adjusting sex, age & dietary fiber, LDL-c level was siginificantly higher in ε4ε4 (108.3±7.7108.3±7.7) than that in ε2ε2 (100.4±8.4100.4±8.4) (p<0.05). According to food intake and the recipe on the basis of 24 hr dietary recall, the elder]y with ε4ε4 allele took higher intake frequency of the light -colored vegetable (radish, onion & cabbage) and pan-fried foods (sauteed beef and vegetables, stir-fried vienna with vegetables) than the others. We knew that the elderly with ε4ε4 allele had been restricted the calories intakes with high dietary fiber (33.6+2.5 g/d) to maintain the normal level of FBS and LDL-c. On next study, the prevalence of Alzheimer#s disease in this population who has ε4ε4 allele on the condition of calories restriction will be continually follow-up.