• 한국어류학회지
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• 제30권3호
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• pp.131-136
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• 2018

겨울철 수온의 변동으로 우리나라 남해안 연안에 위치하고 있는 어류가두리 양식장에서 관리하고 있는 어류의 폐사가 빈번하게 발생하고 있다. 본 연구는 온대성 어류인 참돔을 대상으로 저수온 하한내성 범위 및 수온 하강에 따른 호흡률, 암모니아질소 배설률과 혈액내 산화스트레스 반응을 조사하였다. 참돔의 하한내성수온은 $6.54^{\circ}C$(95% 신뢰한계: $6.31{\sim}6.76^{\circ}C$)였다. 산소소비율은 수온 하강에 따라 감소하였으며, 하한수온에서 최저치를 나타내었다. 혈액 내 삼투질농도는 수온 $5^{\circ}C$와 $6^{\circ}C$에서 대조구에 비해 유의한 증가를 나타내었다. 혈액 내 SOD는 모든 실험구 가운데 수온 $5^{\circ}C$에서 유의하게 활성 증가가 나타났다. 본 연구의 결과는 참돔을 양식할 수 있는 지역선정 및 겨울철 발생하는 동계 폐사원인 규명을 위한 자료로도 유용하게 활용될 수 있을 것이다.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제46권4호
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• pp.399-406
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• 2013

Our aim was to determine the effects of a citrus by-product (CBP) and CBP fermented by Lactobacillus plantarum (LP-CBP), provided as dietary supplements, on the growth performance, feed utilization, innate immunity and temperature tolerance of red seabream. A diet without inclusion of CBP or LP-CBP was used as a control and four other experimental diets were formulated to replace wheat flour by 4% and 8% of either CBP or LP-CBP (designated as Con, LP-CBP4%, LP-CBP8%, CBP4% and CBP8%, respectively). Experimental diets were fed to triplicate groups of 25 fish (initial body weight, 55.0 g) for 9 weeks. Growth performance and feed utilization were not significantly different among all the groups. Bone collagen content was significantly increased by supplementation with CBP and LP-CBP. Vitamin C concentration tended to be higher in livers of fish fed the supplements than in the control group. Myeloperoxidase, lysozyme and superoxide dismutase activities were higher in fish fed CBP or LP-CBP than in fish fed the control diet. When fish were exposed to low water temperature, cumulative mortalities of those fed CBP or LP-CBP supplemented diets were lower (29%, 33%, 34% and 33% mortalities for LP-CBP4%, LP-CBP8%, CBP4% and CBP8%, respectively) than in the control group (58%). Therefore, inclusion of either CBP or LP-CBP at up to 8% in red seabream diet brings benefits through enhanced innate immunity and better tolerance of low water temperature.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제43권1호
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• pp.83-88
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• 2011

To define the effect of strain rate variation from 0.04% to 0.004%/s on environmental fatigue of CF8M cast stainless steel, which is used as a primary piping material in nuclear power plants, low-cycle fatigue tests were conducted at operating pressure and temperature condition of a pressurized water reactor, 15 MPa and $315^{\circ}C$, respectively. A high-pressure and high-temperature autoclave and cylindrical solid fatigue specimens were used for the strain-controlled low-cycle environmental fatigue tests. It was observed that the fatigue life of CF8M stainless steel is shortened as the strain rate decreases. Due to the effect of test temperature, the fatigue data of NUREG-6909 appears a slightly shorter than that obtained by KEPRI at the same stress amplitude of $1{\times}10^3$ MPa. The environmental fatigue correction factor $F_{en}$'s calculated with inputs of the test data increases with high strain amplitude, while the $F_{en}$'s of NUREG-6909 remain constant regardless of strain amplitude.

• 한국화재소방학회논문지
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.80-86
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• 2006

본 고찰은 화재시 고강도 콘크리트의 주요 이슈 중의 하나인 폭열 현상에 초점을 맞추어 폭열의 정의, 분류 및 각각의 특징, 발생원인과 그 반응기구에 대하여 선행연구를 중심으로 분석하였다. 폭열은 급격한 온도 상승, 높은 수분 함유량, 낮은 물시멘트비(W/C), 콘크리트 내에 국부적인 높은 응력 발생 등과 같은 요인이 복합적으로 작용하여 발생한다. 이러한 요인을 토대로 폭열을 방지하기 위한 방법으로 크게 콘크리트의 온도 상승을 억제하는 방법, 콘크리트의 비산을 억제하는 방법, 그리고 빠르게 내부 수분을 건조시키는 방법 등을 들 수 있다. 본 고찰에서는 이러한 방법 가운데 가장 효율적인 폭열 방지 방안으로서 콘크리트 내부의 수분을 빠르게 건조시킴으로써 폭열에 이르게 하는 함수율 이하로 낮추어서 콘크리트 자체의 내폭열성을 높이는 방안을 고찰하였다. 실제 강제건조를 통해 함수율을 어떤 임계치(critical value) 이하로 낮추게 되면 폭열을 방지할 수 있으며 이를 위해서는 수동적인 자연건조 외에 강제건조 등으로 함수율을 낮출 필요가 있을 것이다. 이러한 임계치 결정을 위해 추가적인 많은 실험 및 자료가 도출되어야 할 것이다.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제83권5호
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• pp.693-707
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• 2022

Bonded joints have proven their performance against conventional joining processes such as welding, riveting and bolting. The single-lap joint is the most widely used to characterize adhesive joints in tensile-shear loadings. However, the high stress concentrations in the adhesive joint due to the non-linearity of the applied loads generate a bending moment in the joint, resulting in high stresses at the adhesive edges. Geometric optimization of the bonded joint to reduce this high stress concentration prompted various researchers to perform geometric modifications of the adhesive and adherends at their free edges. Modifying both edges of the adhesive (spew) and the adherends (bevel) has proven to be an effective solution to reduce stresses at both edges and improve stress transfer at the inner part of the adhesive layer. The majority of research aimed at improving the geometry of the plate and adhesive edges has not considered the effect of temperature and water absorption in evaluating the strength of the joint. The objective of this work is to analyze, by the finite element method, the stress distribution in an adhesive joint between two 2024-T3 aluminum plates. The effects of the adhesive fillet and adherend bevel on the bonded joint stresses were taken into account. On the other hand, degradation of the mechanical properties of the adhesive following its exposure to moisture and temperature was found. The results clearly showed that the modification of the edges of the adhesive and of the bonding agent have an important role in the durability of the bond. Although the modification of the adhesive and bonding edges significantly improves the joint strength, the simultaneous exposure of the joint to temperature and moisture generates high stress concentrations in the adhesive joint that, in most cases, can easily reach the failure point of the material even at low applied stresses.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제25권7호
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• pp.1009-1014
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• 2012

Environmental stress boosts the levels of stress hormones and accelerates energy expenditure which subsequently imbalance the body's homeostasis. L-ascorbic acid (L-AA) has been recognized to mitigate the negative impact of environmental stress on production performances in birds. The present investigation was carried out to elucidate the effect of different dietary levels of L-AA on production performance, egg quality traits and fertility in Japanese quail at low ambient temperature. Sixty matured females (15 wks) were equally divided into three groups (20/group) based on the different dietary levels of L-AA (0, 250 and 500 ppm) and coupled with an equal number of males (1:1) obtained from the same hatch. They were managed in uniform husbandry conditions without restriction of feed and water at 14 h photo-schedule. Except for feed efficiency, body weight change, feed consumption and hen-day egg production were recorded highest in 500 ppm L-AA supplemented groups. Among the all egg quality traits studied, only specific gravity, shell weight and thickness differed significantly (p<0.05) in the present study. Fertility was improved significantly ($p{\leq}0.01$) to a dose dependent manner of L-AA. The findings of the present study concluded that dietary L-AA can be a caring management practice at least in part to alleviate the adverse effect of cold induced stress on production performance in Japanese quail.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제54권6호
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• pp.965-973
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• 2021

The behavior of angelfish Pterophyllum scalare exposed to low and high temperatures was monitored by video tracking, and information such as the initial speed, changes in speed, and locations of the fish in the tank were analyzed. The water temperature was raised from 26℃ to 36℃ or lowered from 26℃ to 16℃ for 4 h. The control group was maintained at 26℃ for 8 h. The experiment was repeated five times for each group. Machine learning analysis comprising a long short-term memory model was used to train and test the behavioral data (80 s) after pre-processing. Results showed that when the water temperature changed to 36℃ or 16℃, the average speed, changes in speed and fractal dimension value were significantly lower than those in the control group. Machine learning analysis revealed that the accuracy of 80-s video footage data was 87.4%. The machine learning used in this study could distinguish between the optimal temperature group and changing temperature groups with specificity and sensitivity percentages of 86.9% and 87.4%, respectively. Therefore, video tracking technology can be used to effectively analyze fish behavior. In addition, it can be used as an early warning system for fish health in aquariums and fish farms.

• 콘크리트학회지
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• 제10권4호
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• pp.195-204
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• 1998

콘크리트가 고강도를 확보하기 위해서는 일반적으로 큰 단위시멘트량 및 낮은 물-시멘트비를 유지해야 하므로 콘크리트 타설후 내부온도 상승은 필연적이며, 구조물의 위치와 온도응력차에 의하여 콘크리트 구조물에 균열이 발생하게 된다. 그러므로 고강도용 콘크리트의온도상승 억제대책의 한 방안으로 고로슬래그미분말 3종류와 혼합률 4단계로 변화시킨 콘크리트를 제조하여 온도상승량과 최고온도 도달시간 및 강도를 측정하였으며, 고로슬래그미분말을 5단계로 혼합한 페이스트의 수화발열량 및 수화속도를 측정한 값에 대하여 고찰하였다. 본 연구결과 고로슬래그미분말의 분말도 6,000$\textrm{cm}^2$/g, 혼합률 50% 정도인 고강도용 콘크리트가 온도상승 억제효과 뿐만 아니라 조기재령에서의 강도도 비교적 잘 만족하였다.

• 한국작물학회지
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• 제37권3호
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• pp.288-298
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• 1992

Since the major important factors limiting plant growth and crop productivity are environmental stresses, of which low temperature is the most serious. It has been well known that many physiological processes are alterant in response to the environmental stress. With regard to the relationship between plant hormones and the regulation of chilling tolerance in rice seedlings, the major physiological roles of plant hormones: abscisic acid, ethylene and polyamines are evaluated and discussed in this paper. Rice seedlings were grown in culture solution to examine the effect of such plant hormones on physiological characters related to chilling tolerance and also to compare the different responses among tested cultivars. Intact seedlings about 14 day-old were chilled at conditions of 5$^{\circ}C$ and 80% relative humidity for various period. Cis-(＋)-ABA content was measured by the indirect ELISA technique. Polyamine content and ethylene production in leaves were determined by means of HPLC and GC respectively. Chilling damage of seedlings was evaluated by electrolyte leakage, TTC viability assay or servival test. Our experiment results described here demonstrated the physiological functions of ABA, ethylene, and polyamines related to the regulation of chilling tolerance in rice seedlings. Levels of cis-(＋)-ABA in leaves or xylem sap of rice seedlings increased rapidly in response to 5$^{\circ}C$ treatment. The tolerant cultivars had significant higher level of endogenous ABA than the sensitive ones. The ($\pm$)-ABA pretreatment for 48 h increased the chilling tolerance of the sensitive indica cultivar. One possible function of abscisic acid is the adjustment of plants to avoid chilling-induced water stress. Accumulation of proline and other compatible solutes is assumed to be another factor in the prevention of chilling injuies by abscisic acid. In addition, the expression of ABA-responsive gene is reported in some plants and may be involving in the acclimation to low temperature. Ethylene and its immediate precusor, 1-amincyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid(ACC) increased significantly after 5$^{\circ}C$ treatment. The activity of ACC synthase which converts S-adenosylmethionine (SAM) to ACC enhanced earlier than the increase of ethylene and ACC. Low temperature increased ACC synthase activity, whereas prolonged chilling treatment damaged the conversion of ACC to ethylene. It was shown that application of Ethphon was beneficial to recovering from chilling injury in rice seedlings. However, the physiological functions of chilling-induced ethylene are still unclear. Polyamines are thought to be a potential plant hormone and may be involving in the regulation of chilling response. Results indicated that chilling treatment induced a remarkable increase of polyamines, especially putrescine content in rice seedlings. The relative higher putrescine content was found in chilling-tolerant cultivar and the maximal level of enhanced putrescine in shoot of chilling cultivar(TNG. 67) was about 8 folds of controls at two days after chilling. The accumulation of polyamines may protect membrane structure or buffer ionic imbalance from chilling damage. Stress physiology is a rapidly expanding field. Plant growth regulators that improve tolerance to low temperature may affect stress protein production. The molecular or gene approaches will help us to elucidate the functions of plant hormones related to the regulation of chilling tolerance in plants in the near future.

• Food Science and Biotechnology
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.90-94
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• 2008

Dynamic rheological properties of honey samples with 3 different moisture contents (17.2, 19.0, and 21.0%) were evaluated at various low temperatures (-15, -10, -5, and $0^{\circ}C$) using a controlled stress rheometer. The honey samples displayed a liquid-like behavior, with loss modulus (G") predominating over storage modulus (G') (G">>G'), showing the high dependence on frequency ($\omega$). The magnitudes of G' and G" decreased with an increase in temperature and water content while a predominant increase of G' was noticed at $-15^{\circ}C$. The time-temperature superposition (TTS) principle was applied to bring G" values for honeys at various temperatures together into a master curve. The G" over the temperature range of -15 to $0^{\circ}C$ obeyed the Arrhenius relationship with a high determination coefficient ($R^2=0.98-0.99$). Activation energy value (Ea=112.4 kJ/mol) of honey with a moisture content of 17.2% was higher than those (Ea=98.8-101.1 kJ/mol) of other honey samples with higher moisture contents.