• Journal of Hospice and Palliative Care
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• 제4권2호
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• pp.122-129
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• 2001

배경 : 후천성 면역 결핍증이 치명적인 질환으로 알려진 이후 이에 대한 원인규명과 치료방법 그리고 전염을 막기 위한 노력과 연구들이 현재까지 계속 진행되고 있지만, 이 질환에 대한 치료방법이나 백신 개발은 아직까지 요원한 실정이다. 따라서 가장 좋은 치료는 예방이며, 올바른 예방법을 숙지하여 행하면 거의 100% 예방이 가능하다. 이에 저자 등은 매춘부와 성경험이 있는 고위험군과 매춘부와 성경험이 없는 저위험과의 지식과 태도 비교를 통해 효과적인 예방교육을 제시하고자 한다. 방법 : 2000년 1월 1일부터 6월 30일까지 현재 미혼인 군인과 대학생 516명을 대상으로 설문지를 통해 조사하였다. 응답된 자료를 고위험군과 저위험군 사이에서의 인구통계학적인 특징, 지식, 태도를 chi-square test를 가지고 비교 분석하였다. 또 두 군간의 지식 점수 비교는 one-way ANOVA test를 가지고 비교 분석하였다. 결과 : 미혼 남성 516명중 고위험군은 256명(49.6%), 저위험군은 260명(50.4%)이었으며, 후천성 면역 결핍증에 대해서 처음으로 듣는 시기는 두 집단 다 중학교 때가 제일 많은 것으로 나왔다. 이 질환에 대해 지식을 얻게 되는 주된 경로는 텔레비젼 방송으로 고위험군은 124명(48.4%), 저위험군은 167명(64.2%)로 나왔다(P=0.002). 지적 부분에서는 평균 점수가 총 20개 문항 중 고위험군은 $13.9{\pm}1.9$, 저위험군은 $14.1{\pm}1.8$이었고, 두 군간의 통계학적인 차이는 없었다(P=0.191). 저위험군이 고위험군보다 통계학적으로 의미가 있는 경우는 20개 항목 중 2개 항목으로 수혈을 통해 전염된다는 항목(P=0.014)과 모기를 통해 후천성 면역 결핍증 바이러스 균이 전염될 수 있다는 항목(P=0.009)이었다. 태도 부분에서는 환자를 다른 사람과 격리시켜야 된다는 항목에서만 통계학적으로 고위험군에서 저위험군보다 의미있게 높게 나왔다(P=0.029). 결론 : 본 연구에서 고위험군과 저위험군 모두 텔레비젼을 통해서 지식을 주로 습득하고, 지식과 태도 부분에서 일부분을 제외하곤 두 군간의 통계학적인 차이는 없었지만 지식부분은 2개 항목, 태도 부분은 1개 항목에서 저위험군이 고위험군보다 통계학적으로 높게 나왔다. 이는 지식이 높을수록 후천성 면역 결핍증에 노출 될 가능성을 낮출 수 있음을 시사하며, 감염될 가능성이 낮은 사람이 태도도 더 긍정적임을 알 수 있다.

• Safety and Health at Work
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.13-16
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• 2014

Background: This study assesses influences of baseline psychological risk factors on prevalence of low back pain (LBP) at baseline and follow-up among nurses. Methods: A prospective longitudinal study was performed at two phases, baseline and 1-year follow-up among 246 nurses of university hospitals in Shahroud, Iran. A standardized Cultural and Psychosocial Influences on Disability questionnaire was used for data collection. Logistic regression was performed for analysis. Results: At the baseline of the study, 58.9% of nurses reported back pain in the previous 12 months. Age (p = 0.001), belief that work causes pain (p = 0.022), and somatization tendency (p = 0.002) significantly increased risk of LBP. At 1-year follow-up, prevalence of LBP was 45.7% and expectation of back pain at baseline (p = 0.016) significantly increased risk of LBP in this phase (p < 0.05). Conclusion: Results indicate that risk factors for prevalence of back pain at baseline and 1-year follow-up are different. At baseline, the risk factors are age, belief that work causes pain, and somatization tendency, and at follow-up, expectation of pain is the major risk factor.

• 지역사회간호학회지
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• 제16권4호
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• pp.392-403
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• 2005

Purpose: This study was to evaluate the nutritional status of low-income elders in urban areas and factors affecting their nutritional risk. Methods: A cross-sectional analysis was conducted. The subjects were 300 elders selected from home visiting clients of DongJack Public Health Center. Data were collected using a questionnaire containing questions on socio-demographic characteristics. health behavior and disease. dietary pattern. Nutritional Screening Initiative. Geriatric Depression Scale and Barthel Index for ADL. Collected data were analyzed through descriptive statistics. $X^2-test$ and multiple regression analysis using SPSS. Results: Of the subjects, 63% had high nutritional risk, 21.3% moderate nutritional risk, and 15.7% good nutritional risk. NSI score was significantly different according to economic status, subjective health condition, medication, dental health, depression. regularity of diet and meal with family. Multiple regression analysis revealed that depression, subjective health condition, dental health and regularity of diet and meal with family explain 38.1% of nutritional risk. Conclusion: It is necessary to evaluate nutrition status and to control nutritional risk factors such as depression, dental health, regularity of diet and meal with family for improving the health of the low-income elderly.

• 대한간호학회지
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• 제40권4호
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• pp.589-598
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• 2010

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the factors that increase of the risk for falls in low-income elders in urban areas. Methods: The participants were elderly people registered in one of public health centers in one city. Data were collected by interviewing the elders, assessing their environmental risk factors, and surveying relevant secondary data from the public health center records. For data analysis, descriptive statistics and multiple logistic regression were performed using SPSS version 14. Results: Stroke, diabetes, visual deficits, frequency of dizziness, use of assistive devices and moderate depression were statistically significant risk factors. The comorbidity of chronic diseases with other factors including depression, visual deficit, dizziness, and use of assistive devices significantly increased the risk of falls. From multiple logistic regression analysis, statistically significant predictors of falls were found to be stroke, total environmental risk scores, comorbiditiy of diabetes with visual deficits, and with depression. Conclusion: Fall prevention interventions should be multifactorial, especially for the elders with stroke or diabetes, who were identified in this study as the high risk group for falls. A fall risk assessment tool for low-income elders should include both the intrinsic factors like depression, dizziness, and use of assistive devices, and the extrinsic factors.

• 한국직업건강간호학회지
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.67-75
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• 2015

Purpose: The objective of the present study was to evaluate the effects of occupational exposure to low dose organic solvents on the prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors. Methods: Study design was retrospective cohort study subjected on 191 exposures and 118 controls working in a petrochemical manufacture company. The eight indicators related to CVD risk were followed up for five years from 2008 to 2012. The risk level was compared during the follow up years and subject's characteristics, and the change of risk level were analyzed with repeated measures ANOVA and multiple logistic regression analysis. Results: At the start year 2008, the rate over cutoff value (ROCV) of BS (p<.001) and mean systolic BP (p=.017) were higher in organic solvent exposure group and the others showed no difference. And by the subject's characteristics, odds ratio of the ROCV of BS were higher in organic solvent exposure group and work shift group as 2.51 and 3.07. Comparing the results in 2012 to those of 2008, cardiovascular disease risk in organic solvent exposure group was about 1.5 times higher than that of in the control group. Conclusion: Gradual increase in the CVD risk was identified in organic solvent exposure group. However, the risk might be influenced by shift work and bad behaviors rather than organic solvent exposure.

• 대한상부위장관⦁헬리코박터학회지
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• 제18권4호
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• pp.225-230
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• 2018

Upper gastrointestinal (GI) bleeding (UGIB) is the most common GI emergency, and it is associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Early identification of low-risk patients suitable for outpatient management has the potential to reduce unnecessary costs, and prompt triage of high-risk patients could allow appropriate intervention and minimize morbidity and mortality. Several risk-scoring systems have been developed to predict the outcomes of UGIB. As each scoring system measures different primary outcome variables, appropriate risk scores must be implemented in clinical practice. The Glasgow-Blatchford score (GBS) should be used to predict the need for interventions such as blood transfusion or endoscopic or surgical treatment. Patients with GBS ${\leq}1$ have a low likelihood of adverse outcomes and can be considered for early discharge. The Rockall score was externally validated and is widely used for prediction of mortality. The recently developed AIMS65 score is easy to calculate and was proposed to predict in-hospital mortality. The Forrest classification is based on endoscopic findings and can be used to stratify patients into high- and low-risk categories in terms of rebleeding and thus is useful in predicting the need for endoscopic hemostasis. Early risk stratification is critical in the management of UGIB and may improve patient outcome and reduce unnecessary health care costs through standardization of care.

• 식품보건융합연구
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.17-26
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• 2021

The purpose of this study was to develop strategies and policies for smoking prevention that are tailored to the characteristics of different groups of smokers. The structured survey was conducted with regular smokers. The results were as follows: It has been demonstrated that Risk Perception Attitude framework can be used as a major research framework to predict behavioral changes related to the prevention of smoking. The smokers were divided into four attitude groups based on perceived risks and self-efficacy: indifference, proactive, avoidance, and responsive. The smoker groups showed significant differences in information seeking, information avoidance, prevention behavior and addiction degree. Especially, the difference in prevention behavior depended on the self-efficacy when the perceived risk level was high. Information avoidance was the lowest when the perceived risk level was high and the self-efficacy was low. Information seeking was lowest when the perceived risk level was low. When the level of self-efficacy was high, if the perceived risk level was high, prevention behavior was actively performed. Therefore, the self-efficacy was related to preventive behavior, and the perceived low-risk played a role in hindering information seeking. Smoking prevention strategies are important to raise awareness of the risk of smoking and to improve the positive willingness of smokers to quit smoking through self-efficacy.

• 보건의료산업학회지
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• 제13권4호
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• pp.243-252
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• 2019

Objectives: This study aimed to determine whether the self-rated health (SRH) could be a risk factor for compulsion. Methods: Data related with compulsion and SRH information were collected from 532 young adults aged over 20 years in South Korea. The distribution of the high and low SRH groups was analyzed using the chi-square test, whereas difference in quality of life (QoL) was analyzed using the t-test. Logistic regression was used to analyze the odds ratio (OR). Results: In the high and low-SRH groups, 44 (28.8%) and 23 (31.5%) men and 24 (10.4%) and 21 (27.6%) women, respectively, were at risk for compulsion (p<.001). For women, the compulsion scores of the low and high-SRH groups, respectively, were 15.8±9.53 and 9.9±8.47 (t=5.071, p<.001). The low-SRH group had higher ORs compared with the high-SRH group among women (OR 3.277, 95% confidence interval 1.699 - 6.321, p<.001) in the original model, and this phenomenon was significant even after adjusting for age and residence type. Conclusions: Low SRH may be a risk factor for compulsion. Further research for improving SRH by developing preventive measures against compulsion is necessary.

• 대한간호학회지
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• 제44권6호
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• pp.708-716
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• 2014

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the nutritional status of low-income urban elders by diversified ways, and to analyze the risk factors for malnutrition. Methods: The participants in this study were 183 low-income elders registered at a visiting healthcare facility in a public health center. Data were collected using anthropometric measurements, and a questionnaire survey. For data analysis, descriptive statistics, ${\chi}^2$-test, t-test, Fisher's exact test, multiple logistic regression analysis were performed using SPSS 20.0. Results: Regarding the nutritional status of low-income elders as measured by the Mini Nutritional Assessment (MNA), 10.4% of the elders were classified as malnourished; 57.4% as at high risk for malnutrition; and 32.2% as having normal nutrition levels. The main factors affecting malnutrition for low-income elders were loss of appetite (OR=3.34, 95% CI: 1.16~9.56) and difficulties in meal preparation (OR=2.35, 95% CI: 1.13~4.88). Conclusion: In order to effectively improve nutrition in low-income urban elders, it is necessary to develop individual intervention strategies to manage factors that increase the risk of malnutrition and to use systematic approach strategies in local communities in terms of a nutrition support system.

• 한국환경보건학회지
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• 제49권1호
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• pp.1-10
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• 2023

Low-dose radiation exposure has received considerable attention because it reflects the general public's type and level of exposure. Still, controversy remains due to the relatively unclear results and uncertainty in risk estimation compared to high-dose radiation. However, recent epidemiological studies report direct evidence of health effects for various types of low-dose radiation exposure. In particular, international nuclear workers' studies, CT exposure studies, and children's cancer studies on natural radiation showed significantly increased cancer risk among the study populations despite their low-dose radiation exposure. These studies showed similar results even when the cumulative radiation dose was limited to an exposure group of less than 100 mGy, demonstrating that the observed excess risk was not affected by high exposure. A linear dose-response relationship between radiation exposure and cancer incidence has been observed, even at the low-dose interval. These recent epidemiological studies include relatively large populations, and findings are broadly consistent with previous studies on Japanese atomic bomb survivors. However, the health effects of low-dose radiation are assumed to be small compared to the risks that may arise from other lifestyle factors; therefore, the benefits of radiation use should be considered at the individual level through a balanced interpretation. Further low-dose radiation studies are essential to accurately determining the benefits and risks of radiation.