• Journal of electromagnetic engineering and science
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.376-381
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• 2014

We present a CMOS rail-to-rail class-AB amplifier using dynamic current biasing to improve the delay response of the error amplifier in a low-dropout (LDO) regulator, which is a building block for a wireless power transfer receiver. The response time of conventional error amplifiers deteriorates by slewing due to parasitic capacitance generated at the pass transistor of the LDO regulator. To enhance slewing, an error amplifier with dynamic current biasing was devised. The LDO regulator with the proposed error amplifier was fabricated in a $0.35-{\mu}m$ high-voltage BCDMOS process. We obtained an output voltage of 4 V with a range of input voltages between 4.7 V and 7 V and an output current of up to 212 mA. The settling time during line transient was measured as $9{\mu}s$ for an input variation of 4.7-6 V. In addition, an output capacitor of 100 pF was realized on chip integration.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.95-113
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• 1998

The extensive use of honeycomb sandwich structures has led to the need to understand and analyze their low velocity impact response. Commercially available finite element software provides a possible analysis tool for this type of problem, but the validity of their material properties models for honeycomb materials must be investigated. Three different problems that focus on the effect of differences in honeycomb material properties on static and dynamic response are presented and discussed. The first problem considered is a linear elastic static analysis of honeycomb sandwich beams. The second is a nonlinear elastic-plastic analysis of a circular honeycomb sandwich plate. The final problem is a dynamic analysis of circular honeycomb sandwich plates impacted by low velocity projectiles. Results are obtained using the ABAQUS final element code and compared against experimental results. The comparison indicates that currently available material properties models for honeycomb materials can be used to obtain a good approximation of the behavior of honeycomb sandwich structures under static and dynamic loading conditions.

• Korean Journal of Child Studies
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.191-211
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• 1997

This study investigated the characteristics of children perceived as difficult by their mothers and compared these characteristics with the "difficult temperament" from the NYLS. The subjects were 36 mothers who have more than one child between 3 and 6 years of age. The descriptions from in-depth interviews were analyzed qualitatively. The results showed that (1) Korean mothers perceived the difficult temperament of their child as low adaptability, low rhythmicity in sleep habits, negative mood, and high activity. High response sensitivity was perceived as both a positive and a difficult characteristic. (2) The temperament of their children mothers perceived as most difficult for child rearing were negative mood and low manageability. (3) The activity, adaptability, rhythmicity, response sensitivity, mood and manageability characteristics of Korean children's difficult temperament was different from the difficult temperament of the Nyls.

• Research in Community and Public Health Nursing
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.119-127
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• 2015

Purpose: This study is attempted to figure out the characteristics of sexual abuse victimization in low- and high-grade elementary school children and furthermore to help develop appropriate preventive educational programs against sexual abuse by grade. Methods: Data were collected from 156 sexual abuse victims who were elementary school children and visited the Child Sexual Abuse Response Center in D City during the period from 2010 to 2012. Differences in general and victimization-related characteristics between low and high graders and the correlations among the characteristics were analyzed. Results: The results showed statistically significant difference between low and high graders in two variables: offender-victim relationship, and the type of sexual abuse. Offender-victim relationship was in a significant correlation with the duration of victimization (r=.576, p<.001), frequency of abuse (r=.546, p<.001), location (r=-.479, p<.001), and time (r=.435, p<.001). The type of sexual abuse was in a significant correlation with frequency (r=.175, p=.029) and time (r=.261, p=.001). Conclusion: Appropriate educational programs should be developed for preventing sexual assaults in consideration of difference in victimization-related characteristics between low and high graders. In addition, such programs should be applied fittingly to the learners'grade, gender, and cognitive level.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.16 no.11
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• pp.4515-4520
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• 2015

GELOX (gemcitabine, oxaliplatin and L-asparaginase) regimen showed an impressive result in our previous study, but the effect of this new regimen is still dissatisfying for some patients, so it is necessary to identify which patients will benefit from this regimen. A total of fifty-one cases with nasal natural killer/T-cell lymphoma receiving initial GELOX chemotherapy were enrolled in this study. The ki-67 expression detected by immunohistochemistry (IHC) in the specimens ranged from 10% to 90%, with a median value of 70%, so cases higher than the median value (${\geq}70%$) were defined as high ki-67 expression, and the others were designated as low ki-67 expression. The response rate had no statistical difference between low ki-67 expression group and high ki-67 expression group (P=0.291) though the value in the former group was relatively high. After a median follow-up of 18.03 months, the 3-year progression-free survival (PFS) for patients with low ki-67 expression was significantly higher than those with high ki-67 expression (83.8% vs. 47.9%, P=0.038). In the stage I/II subgroup, 3-year PFS and overall survival (OS) were statistically higher in the patients with low ki-67 expression than those with high ki-67 expression. Multivariate analysis revealed high ki-67 expression was an independent prognostic factor for PFS. These results suggest that low ki-67 expression can predict a good response of GELOX in these patients, and the combination of ki-67 expression and early stage is helpful to identify an excellent prognosis subgroup from patients receiving GELOX in this disease.

• Earthquakes and Structures
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• v.11 no.5
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• pp.741-777
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• 2016

A simplified approach of assessing torsionally balanced (TB) and torsionally unbalanced (TU) low-medium rise buildings of up to 30 m in height is presented in this paper for regions of low-to-moderate seismicity. The Generalised Force Method of Analysis for TB buildings which is illustrated in the early part of the paper involves calculation of the deflection profile of the building in a 2D analysis in order that a capacity diagram can be constructed to intercept with the acceleration-displacement response spectrum diagram representing seismic actions. This approach of calculation on the planar model of a building which involves applying lateral forces to the building (waiving away the need of a dynamic analysis and yet obtaining similar results) has been adapted for determining the deflection behaviour of a TU building in the later part of the paper. Another key original contribution to knowledge is taking into account the strong dependence of the torsional response behaviour of the building on the periodic properties of the applied excitations in relation to the natural periods of vibration of the building. Many of the trends presented are not reflected in provisions of major codes of practices for the seismic design of buildings. The deflection behaviour of the building in response to displacement controlled (DC) excitations is in stark contrast to behaviour in acceleration controlled (AC), or velocity controlled (VC), conditions, and is much easier to generalise. Although DC conditions are rare with buildings not exceeding 30 m in height displacement estimates based on such conditions can be taken as upper bound estimates in order that a conservative prediction of the displacement profile at the edge of a TU building can be obtained conveniently by the use of a constant amplification factor to scale results from planar analysis.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.13 no.10
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• pp.4973-4977
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• 2012

Introduction: Tobacco use is a global health care problem. Repetitive exposure to nicotine produces neuroadaptation resulting in nicotine dependence. Smoking is associated with a range of diseases, causing high levels of morbidity and mortality and is one of the leading causes of preventable deaths, with more than 4.6 million smokers worldwide dying each year from smoking related illnesses. Stopping smoking has major health benefits. Quitting at any age provides both short and long term benefits. Materials and methods: 45 patients attending the outpatient department at the Oxford Dental College, Bangalore, were randomly allocated to three groups of interventions namely placebo, counseling and nicotine replacement therapy (NRT). Initially each one was assessed for carbon monoxide levels using a breath analyser (pico smokerlyser bedfont UK). They were followed up for six months and the carbon monoxide levels were again assessed using the same instrument. The paired t test was used to compare the results before and after the intervention. Results: The scores before the initiation of intervention and after treatment were compared and all three interventions were found to be statistically significant after six months. It was noticed that patients with very low or low dependence followed by high dependence had good response in the placebo group (68% and 47.6% respectively), in the counseling group maximum response was seen in the medium followed by the very low group (61% and 59% respectively), and maximum response was seen in very high followed by the very low group with NRT (78.7% and 60.5% respectively). Conclusion: The inference that can be drawn from the present study is that non-invasive, non pharmacological methods like placebo and counseling are effective in low to medium groups, and NRT is effective with higher nicotine dependence.

• The Korean journal of internal medicine
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• v.39 no.2
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• pp.338-346
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• 2024

Background/Aims: Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) responder index (SRI)-4 response has been achieved with belimumab treatment in patients with moderate disease activity in cornerstone clinical trials and following studies. However, most studies involved patients treated with a mean prednisolone-equivalent dose of approximately 10 mg/d and focused on the steroid-sparing effect of belimumab. We aimed to identify the effect of belimumab in patients with mild-to-moderate SLE who were treated with low-dose or no corticosteroids. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the electronic medical records of patients treated with belimumab for at least 6 months between May 2021 and June 2022. The primary endpoint was SRI-4 response at 6 months. Results: Thirty-one patients were included (13 low dose- and 18 steroid non-users). The mean age was 39.2 ± 11.4 years, and 90.3% of patients were female. The baseline Safety of Estrogens in Lupus Erythematosus National Assessment-Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Disease Activity Index (SELENA-SLEDAI) score was 6.0 (4.0-9.0). The primary endpoint was achieved in 32.3% (10/31) of patients. Significant improvements in anemia, C4 levels, and SELENA-SLEDAI score were observed during treatment. Univariate analysis showed that the baseline SELENA-SLEDAI and arthritis were significantly associated with SRI-4 response at 6 months, and only the SELENA-SLEDAI remained significant (p = 0.014) in multivariate analysis. Conclusions: This cohort study is the first to report the efficacy of belimumab after minimizing the effect of corticosteroids. Belimumab showed efficacy in improving the SELENA-SLEDAI score, anemia, and low C4 in patients who did not receive corticosteroids or received only low doses.

• Journal of Society of Preventive Korean Medicine
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.145-159
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• 2016

Objectives : The aim was to investigate the characteristics of low dose effect and non monotonic dose responses(NMDRs) and to predict the influence it might have on the health and medicine, traditional Korean medicine. Methods : By investigating recently published major literatures related to low dose effect and NMDRs, the definition, mechanism, major related fields, and the influence on public health and medicine has been categorized and summarized. Results : Although there are still heated debates about the definition of low dose, it implies the biological responses in environmental exposure level and the NDMDRs means the nonlinear relationship between the dose-response in the slope sign change. Also, it implies the new form of the curve showing a U, reverse U shape, and the slop sign constantly changing showing various forms. This mechanism is because the two acceptor shows opposing effects to toxic materials and the affinity is different along with the numerical value that increase and decrease being different. These characteristics generally appear in endocrine disrupters such as bisphenol A, agricultural pesticides, metal, and radiation. The research field in the public health and medical treatment is obesity, problems in metabolism, growth hormone treatment, climacteric treatment, breast cancer, intake of Korean traditional medicine for pregnancy, menopause and phytoestrogen. Conclusions : As a result of discussing implications, NMDRs is a particular effect in low dose and heated debates surround this response, research is being conducted surrounding the field of obesity, problems in metabolism, growth hormone treatment, climacteric treatment, breast cancer, intake of Korean traditional medicine for pregnancy, menopause, and phytoestrogen. More research and interest in needed as it can have a massive influence in the public health and medicine.

• Journal of Radiation Protection and Research
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.125-129
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• 1996

The energy response of HPGe detector for low energy Photons was determined by using three Monte Carlo codes. MCNP4A. EGS4, and CYLTRAN in ITS3. In this study. bare HPGe detector$(100 mm^2{\times}10mm)$ was used and a pencil beam was incident perpendicularly on the center of the detector surface. The photopeak efficiency, $K_{\alpha}$ and $K_{\beta}$ escape fractions were calculated as a function of incident X-ray energies ranging from 12 to 60 keV in 2-keV increments. Since the Compton. elastic. ana penetration fraction were negligible in this energy range. they were ignored in the calculation. Although MCNP. EGS, and CYLTRAN codes calculated slightly different energy response of HPGe detector for low energy Photons, it appears that the three Monte Carlo codes can Predict the low energy Photon scattering Processes accurately. The MCNP results, which are generally known as to be less accurate at low energy ranges than the EGS and ITS results. are comparable to the results of EGS and ITS and are applicable to the calculation of the low energy response data of a detector.