• 헤리티지:역사와 과학
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• 제42권1호
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• pp.122-142
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• 2009

본 연구는 노거수 관리개선을 위하여 국내외의 외과수술 제반 이론을 살펴보고 국내 외과수술의 현 실태를 대상 수목의 수술부위 해체 조사와 전문가 집단의 인식조사를 실시하여 그 개선 방안을 제안하는 과정을 통해, 다음과 같은 결론을 도출할 수 있었다. 첫째, 조사 대상 수목 67주를 수령, 생육 상태, 주변 환경 등과 상관관계 분석 결과, 이들은 위치별 특성과 상처크기별 특성은 상호 상관관계가 밀접한 것으로 분석되었으나, 충전물별 재료 등에는 상관관계가 적은 것으로 나타났다. 둘째, 환부의 크기는 $0.09m^2$ 이하의 가지 절단부위에서 빈도가 가장 높았고, 위치별(부위별) 공동의 크기는 근주부후로 출발되는 "뿌리+줄기"에서 가장 크게 나타났다. 상관관계 분석 결과에서도, 건전도가 낮은 상위 그룹에서도 동일한 결과가 도출되었다. 셋째, 근주(根株)부후에서 발생된 큰 공동이나 노출뿌리에 충전물(특히 우레탄)을 채우거나 표면처리를 하는 경우 문제가 심각하였다. 공동부 충전으로 인한 잇점은 크지 않은 것으로 분석되었다. 넷째, 현재 주로 사용하고 있는 충전물의 표면처리(인공수피)는 주로"에폭시+부직포+코르크"를 이용하고 있으나, 유연성이 없어 목질부와의 접합부에서 틈이 자주 발생하고 표면이 갈라지는 등 문제가 발생하고 있었다. 다섯째, 수술부위 외부 상태와의 상관관계 평가에서 목질부와의 밀착, 표면상태, 유합조직 형성 등과 내부 조사 결과와 매우 높은 상관관계를 가지고 있었다. 여섯째, 노거수의 관리 잘못으로 수세에 가장 큰 영향을 미치는 것은 복토였으며, 잘못된 가지치기는 지상부 상처의 근원이 되고 있음을 파악할 수 있었다. 가지치기에서 작은 가지는 표준방법으로 잘랐을 경우 유합조직의 형성이 활발하여 상처가 쉽게 회복되지만 심재가 있는 큰 가지는 방어능력이 없어 부후균의 침입을 받게 되는 경우가 많다. 일곱째, 노거수 관련업무 처리횟수에 영향을 미치는 변수들을'노거수 관리자 및 관련업체의 의식개혁이 필요', '노거수에 가장 많은 피해가 발생되는 부위는 특정부위와 상관없다.', '노거수의 가장 중요한 가치는 생물학적 가치', '노거수 외과수술 결과, 문제점 발생원인은 약제 사용 부적절이다.', '새로운 기법의 개발 및 시도로 인한 수술기법의 다양', '노거수에 가장 많은 피해가 발생되는 부위는 가지이다.', '노거수 관리자 및 관련업체의 의식개혁이 필요', '노거수 관련업무 처리시 문제가 되는 것은 업무분장 모호성 및 중복성이다.'등 8개의 변수들이 나타났다. 설문 조사결과, 수술 및 제도 개선 부분에서 가장 높은 빈도수를 보인 항목은 노거수 관리 현황 등의 파악을 통한 관리 정보체계의 확립, 수목외과수술의 처치법 표준화, 업체와 기관사이의 정보의 공유 활성화, 전문인력에 의한 모니터링, 정기적 교육프로그램의 개발이 중요하게 나타났으며, 행정조직의 개선, 산학협력, 수술시기의 부적절성, 외과수술 건의 안정적 수요에 대한 불안감, 전문인력의 부족 등이 문제점으로 분석되었다. 여덟째, 개선 방안으로는 제도적인 측면에 있어서 노거수 관리 및 보존에 관한 법과 조직의 정비를 들 수 있다. 특히. 노거수 관리에 있어서 외부 용역 등을 통하여 적시에 행함으로써 노거수 생육 상태의 건전도를 유지할 수 있다. 또한 보존 관련법의 연계성을 확보할 수 있도록 다른 법의 개정이나 제정 시 문화재 보호를 위한 조항의 삽입을 적극 추진해야 한다. 본 연구는 지정 노거수의 실태 조사를 통해 개선 방안을 마련하는 연구로, 보다 많은 개체조사를 통한 실태 조사 결과를 토대로 개선 방안을 도출하는 것에 대한 한계점과 제도적 개선 방안 도출을 위한 통계적 자료에 의한 근거 제시가 미약했다는 미진함을 남기고 있다. 이는 연구자의 후속연구를 통해 보완될 수 있을 것이다.

• 안보군사학연구
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• 통권8호
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• pp.49-168
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• 2010

Just before the Korean War, the total number of the North Korean troops was 198,380, while that of the ROK(Republic of Korea) army troops 105,752. That is, the total number of the ROK army troops at that time was 53.3% of the total number of the North Korean army. As of December 2008, the total number of the North Korean troops is estimated to be 1,190,000, while that of the ROK troops is 655,000, so the ROK army maintains 55.04% of the total number of the North Korean troops. If the ROK army continues to reduce its troops according to [Military Reform Plan 2020], the total number of its troops will be 517,000 m 2020. If North Korea maintains the current status(l,190,000 troops), the number of the ROK troops will be 43.4% of the North Korean army. In terms of units, just before the Korean War, the number of the ROK army divisions and regiments was 80% and 44.8% of North Korean army. As of December 2008, North Korea maintains 86 divisions and 69 regiments. Compared to the North Korean army, the ROK army maintains 46 Divisions (53.4% of North Korean army) and 15 regiments (21.3% of North Korean army). If the ROK army continue to reduce the military units according to [Military Reform Plan 2020], the number of ROK army divisions will be 28(13 Active Division, 4 Mobilization Divisions and 11 Local Reserve Divisions), while that of the North Korean army will be 86 in 2020. In that case, the number of divisions of the ROK army will be 32.5% of North Korean army. During the Korean war, North Korea suddenly invaded the Republic of Korea and occupied its capital 3 days after the war began. At that time, the ROK army maintained 80% of army divisions, compared to the North Korean army. The lesson to be learned from this is that, if the ROK army is forced to disperse its divisions because of the simultaneous invasion of North Korea and attack of guerrillas in home front areas, the Republic of Korea can be in a serious military danger, even though it maintains 80% of military divisions of North Korea. If the ROK army promotes the plans in [Military Reform Plan 2020], the number of military units of the ROK army will be 32.5% of that of the North Korean army. This ratio is 2.4 times lower than that of the time when the Korean war began, and in this case, 90% of total military power should be placed in the DMZ area. If 90% of military power is placed in the DMZ area, few troops will be left for the defense of home front. In addition, if the ROK army continues to reduce the troops, it can allow North Korea to have asymmetrical superiority in military force and it will eventually exert negative influence on the stability and peace of the Korean peninsular. On the other hand, it should be reminded that, during the Korean War, the Republic of Korea was attacked by North Korea, though it kept 53.3% of troops, compared to North Korea. It should also be reminded that, as of 2008, the ROK army is defending its territory with the troops 55.04% of North Korea. Moreover, the national defense is assisted by 25,120 troops of the US Forces in Korea. In case the total number of the ROK troops falls below 43.4% of the North Korean army, it may cause social unrest about the national security and may lead North Korea's misjudgement. Besides, according to Lanchester strategy, the party with weaker military power (60% compared to the party with stronger military power) has the 4.1% of winning possibility. Therefore, if we consider the fact that the total number of the ROK army troops is 55.04% of that of the North Korean army, the winning possibility of the ROK army is not higher than 4.1%. If the total number of ROK troops is reduced to 43.4% of that of North Korea, the winning possibility will be lower and the military operations will be in critically difficult situation. [Military Reform Plan 2020] rums at the reduction of troops and units of the ground forces under the policy of 'select few'. However, the problem is that the financial support to achieve this goal is not secured. Therefore, the promotion of [Military Reform Plan 2020] may cause the weakening of military defence power in 2020. Some advanced countries such as Japan, UK, Germany, and France have promoted the policy of 'select few'. However, what is to be noted is that the national security situation of those countries is much different from that of Korea. With the collapse of the Soviet Unions and European communist countries, the military threat of those European advanced countries has almost disappeared. In addition, the threats those advanced countries are facing are not wars in national level, but terrorism in international level. To cope with the threats like terrorism, large scaled army trops would not be necessary. So those advanced European countries can promote the policy of 'select few'. In line with this, those European countries put their focuses on the development of military sections that deal with non-military operations and protection from unspecified enemies. That is, those countries are promoting the policy of 'select few', because they found that the policy is suitable for their national security environment. Moreover, since they are pursuing common interest under the European Union(EU) and they can form an allied force under NATO, it is natural that they are pursing the 'select few' policy. At present, NATO maintains the larger number of troops(2,446,000) than Russia(l,027,000) to prepare for the potential threat of Russia. The situation of japan is also much different from that of Korea. As a country composed of islands, its prime military focus is put on the maritime defense. Accordingly, the development of ground force is given secondary focus. The japanese government promotes the policy to develop technology-concentrated small size navy and air-forces, instead of maintaining large-scaled ground force. In addition, because of the 'Peace Constitution' that was enacted just after the end of World War II, japan cannot maintain troops more than 240,000. With the limited number of troops (240,000), japan has no choice but to promote the policy of 'select few'. However, the situation of Korea is much different from the situations of those countries. The Republic of Korea is facing the threat of the North Korean Army that aims at keeping a large-scale military force. In addition, the countries surrounding Korea are also super powers containing strong military forces. Therefore, to cope with the actual threat of present and unspecified threat of future, the importance of maintaining a carefully calculated large-scale military force cannot be denied. Furthermore, when considering the fact that Korea is in a peninsular, the Republic of Korea must take it into consideration the tradition of continental countries' to maintain large-scale military powers. Since the Korean War, the ROK army has developed the technology-force combined military system, maintaining proper number of troops and units and pursuing 'select few' policy at the same time. This has been promoted with the consideration of military situation in the Koran peninsular and the cooperation of ROK-US combined forces. This kind of unique military system that cannot be found in other countries can be said to be an insightful one for the preparation for the actual threat of North Korea and the conflicts between continental countries and maritime countries. In addition, this kind of technology-force combined military system has enabled us to keep peace in Korea. Therefore, it would be desirable to maintain this technology-force combined military system until the reunification of the Korean peninsular. Furthermore, it is to be pointed out that blindly following the 'select few' policy of advanced countries is not a good option, because it is ignoring the military strategic situation of the Korean peninsular. If the Republic of Korea pursues the reduction of troops and units radically without consideration of the threat of North Korea and surrounding countries, it could be a significant strategic mistake. In addition, the ROK army should keep an eye on the fact the European advanced countries and Japan that are not facing direct military threats are spending more defense expenditures than Korea. If the ROK army reduces military power without proper alternatives, it would exert a negative effect on the stable economic development of Korea and peaceful reunification of the Korean peninsular. Therefore, the desirable option would be to focus on the development of quality of forces, maintaining proper size and number of troops and units under the technology-force combined military system. The tableau above shows that the advanced countries like the UK, Germany, Italy, and Austria spend more defense expenditure per person than the Republic of Korea, although they do not face actual military threats, and that they keep achieving better economic progress than the countries that spend less defense expenditure. Therefore, it would be necessary to adopt the merits of the defense systems of those advanced countries. As we have examined, it would be desirable to maintain the current size and number of troops and units, to promote 'select few' policy with increased defense expenditure, and to strengthen the technology-force combined military system. On the basis of firm national security, the Republic of Korea can develop efficient policies for reunification and prosperity, and jump into the status of advanced countries. Therefore, the plans to reduce troops and units in [Military Reform Plan 2020] should be reexamined. If it is difficult for the ROK army to maintain its size of 655,000 troops because of low birth rate, the plans to establish the prompt mobilization force or to adopt drafting system should be considered for the maintenance of proper number of troops and units. From now on, the Republic of Korean government should develop plans to keep peace as well as to prepare unexpected changes in the Korean peninsular. For the achievement of these missions, some options can be considered. The first one is to maintain the same size of military troops and units as North Korea. The second one is to maintain the same level of military power as North Korea in terms of military force index. The third one is to maintain the same level of military power as North Korea, with the combination of the prompt mobilization force and the troops in active service under the system of technology-force combined military system. At present, it would be not possible for the ROK army to maintain such a large-size military force as North Korea (1,190,000 troops and 86 units). So it would be rational to maintain almost the same level of military force as North Korea with the combination of the troops on the active list and the prompt mobilization forces. In other words, with the combination of the troops in active service (60%) and the prompt mobilization force (40%), the ROK army should develop the strategies to harmonize technology and forces. The Korean government should also be prepared for the strategic flexibility of USFK, the possibility of American policy change about the location of foreign army, radical unexpected changes in North Korea, the emergence of potential threat, surrounding countries' demand for Korean force for the maintenance of regional stability, and demand for international cooperation against terrorism. For this, it is necessary to develop new approaches toward the proper number and size of troops and units. For instance, to prepare for radical unexpected political or military changes in North Korea, the Republic of Korea should have plans to protect a large number of refugees, to control arms and people, to maintain social security, and to keep orders in North Korea. From the experiences of other countries, it is estimated that 115,000 to 230,000 troops, plus ten thousands of police are required to stabilize the North Korean society, in the case radical unexpected military or political change happens in North Korea. In addition, if the Republic of Korea should perform the release of hostages, control of mass destruction weapons, and suppress the internal wars in North Korea, it should send 460,000 troops to North Korea. Moreover, if the Republic of Korea wants to stop the attack of North Korea and flow of refugees in DMZ area, at least 600,000 troops would be required. In sum, even if the ROK army maintains 600,000 troops, it may need additional 460,000 troops to prepare for unexpected radical changes in North Korea. For this, it is necessary to establish the prompt mobilization force whose size and number are almost the same as the troops in active service. In case the ROK army keeps 650,000 troops, the proper number of the prompt mobilization force would be 460,000 to 500,000.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• 제2권4호
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• pp.4-14
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• 1974

The total forest land area in Korea accounts for some 67 percent of the nation's land total. Its productivity, however, is very low. Consequently, forest production accounts for only about 2 percent of the gross national product and a minor proportion of no more than about 5 percent versus primary industry. In this case, however, only the direct income from forestry is taken into account, making no reference to the forestry output induced by other industrial sectors. The value added Or the induced forestry output in manufacturing the primary wood products into higher quality products, makes a larger contribution to the economy than direct contribution. So, this author has tried to analyze the structure of forestry and compute the repercussion effect and the induced output of primary forest products when utilized by other industries for their raw materials, Hsing the input-output table and attached tables for 1963 and 1966 issued by the Bank of Korea. 1. Analysis of forestry structure A. Changes in total output Durng the nine-year period, 1961-1969, the real gross national product in Korea increased 2.1 times, while that of primary industries went up about 1. 4 times. Forestry which was valued at 9,380 million won in 1961, was picked up about 2. 1 times to 20, 120 million won in 1969. The rate of the forestry income in the GNP, accordingly, was no more than 1.5 percent both in 1961 and 1962, whereas its rate in primary industries increased 3.5 to 5.4 percent. Such increase in forestry income is attributable to increased forest production and rise in timber prices. The rate of forestry income, nonetheless, was on the decrease on a gradual basis. B. Changes in input coefficient The input coefficient which indicates the inputs of the forest products into other sectors were up in general in 1966 over 1963. It is noted that the input coefficient indicating the amount of forest products supplied to such industries closely related with forestry as lumber and plywood, and wood products and furniture, showed a downward trend for the period 1963-1966. On the other hand, the forest input into other sectors was generally on the increase. Meanwhile, the input coefficient representing the yolume of the forest products supplied to the forestry sector itself showed an upward tendency, which meant more and more decrease in input from other sectors. Generally speaking, in direct proportion to the higher input coefficient in any industrial sector, the reinput coefficient which denotes the use of its products by the same sector becomes higher and higher. C. Changes in ratio of intermediate input The intermediate input ratio showing the dependency on raw materials went up to 15.43 percent m 1966 from 11. 37 percent in 1963. The dependency of forestry on raw materials was no more than 15.43 percent, accounting for a high 83.57 percent of value added. If the intermediate input ratio increases in any given sector, the input coefficient which represents the fe-use of its products by the same sector becomes large. D. Changes in the ratio of intermediate demand The ratio of the intermediate demand represents the characteristics of the intermediary production in each industry, the intermediate demand ratio in forestry which accunted for 69.7 percent in 1963 went up to 75.2 percent in 1966. In other words, forestry is a remarkable industry in that there is characteristics of the intermediary production. E. Changes in import coefficient The import coefficient which denotes the relation between the production activities and imports, recorded at 4.4 percent in 1963, decreased to 2.4 percent in 1966. The ratio of import to total output is not so high. F. Changes in market composition of imported goods One of the major imported goods in the forestry sector is lumber. The import value increased by 60 percent to 667 million won in 1966 from 407 million won in 1963. The sales of imported forest products to two major outlets-lumber and plywood, and wood products and furniture-increased to 343 million won and 31 million won in 1966 from 240million won and 30 million won in 1963 respectively. On the other hand, imported goods valued at 66 million won were sold to the paper products sector in 1963; however, no supply to this sector was recorded in 1963. Besides these major markets, primary industries such as the fishery, coal and agriculture sectors purchase materials from forestry. 2. Analysis of repercussion effect on production The repercussion effect of final demand in any given sector upon the expansion of the production of other sectors was analyzed, using the inverse matrix coefficient tables attached to the the I.O. Table. A. Changes in intra-sector transaction value of inverse matrix coefficient. The intra-sector transaction value of an inverse matrix coefficient represents the extent of an induced increase in the production of self-support products of the same sector, when it is generated directly and indirectly by one unit of final demand in any given sector. The intra-sector transaction value of the forestry sector rose from 1.04 in 1963 to 1, 11 in 1966. It may well be said, therefore, that forestry induces much more self-supporting products in the production of one unit of final demand for forest products. B. Changes in column total of inverse matrix coefficient It should be noted that the column total indicates the degree of effect of the output of the corresponding and related sectors generated by one unit of final demand in each sector. No changes in the column total of the forestry sector were recorded between the 1963 and 1966 figures, both being the same 1. 19. C. Changes in difference between column total and intra-sector transaction amount. The difference between the column total and intra-sector transaction amount by sector reveals the extent of effect of output of related industrial sector induced indirectly by one unit of final demand in corresponding sector. This change in forestry dropped remarkable to 0.08 in 1966 from 0.15 in 1963. Accordingly, the effect of inducement of indirect output of other forestry-related sectors has decreased; this is a really natural phenomenon, as compared with an increasing input coefficient generated by the re-use of forest products by the forestry sector. 3. Induced output of forestry A. Forest products, wood in particular, are supplied to other industries as their raw materials, increasng their value added. In this connection the primary dependency rate on forestry for 1963 and 1966 was compared, i. e., an increase or decrease in each sector, from 7.71 percent in 1963 to 11.91 percent in 1966 in agriculture, 10.32 to 6.11 in fishery, 16.24 to 19.90 in mining, 0.76 to 0.70 in the manufacturing sector and 2.79 to 4.77 percent in the construction sector. Generally speaking, on the average the dependency on forestry during the period 1963-1966 increased from 5.92 percent to 8.03 percent. Accordingly, it may easily be known that the primary forestry output induced by primary and secondary industries increased from 16, 109 million won in 1963 to 48, 842 million won in 1966. B. The forest products are supplied to other industries as their raw materials. The products are processed further into higher quality products. thus indirectly increasing the value of the forest products. The ratio of the increased value added or the secondary dependency on forestry for 1963 and 1966 showed an increase or decrease, from 5.98 percent to 7.87 percent in agriculture, 9.06 to 5.74 in fishery, 13.56 to 15.81 in mining, 0.68 to 0.61 in the manufacturing sector and 2.71 to 4.54 in the construction sector. The average ratio in this connection increased from 4.69 percent to 5.60 percent. In the meantime, the secondary forestry output induced by primary and secondary industries rose from 12,779 million Wall in 1963 to 34,084 million won in 1966. C. The dependency of tertiary industries on forestry showed very minor ratios of 0.46 percent and 0.04 percent in 1963 and 1966 respectively. The forestry output induced by tertiary industry also decreased from 685 million won to 123 million won during the same period. D. Generally speaking, the ratio of dependency on forestry increased from 17.68 percent in 1963 to 24.28 percent in 1966 in primary industries, from 4.69 percent to 5.70 percent in secondary industries, while, as mentioned above, the ratio in the case of tertiary industry decreased from 0.46 to 0.04 percent during the period 1963-66. The mining industry reveals the heaviest rate of dependency on forestry with 29.80 percent in 1963 and 35.71 percent in 1966. As it result, the direct forestry income, valued at 8,172 million won in 1963, shot up to 22,724 million won in 1966. Its composition ratio lo the national income rose from 1.9 percent in 1963 to 2.3 per cent in 1966. If the induced outcome is taken into account, the total forestry production which was estimated at 37,744 million won in 1963 picked up to 105,773 million won in 1966, about 4.5 times its direct income. It is further noted that the ratio of the gross forestry product to the gross national product. rose significantly from 8.8 percent in 1963 to 10.7 percent in 1966. E. In computing the above mentioned ratio not taken into consideration were such intangible, indirect effects as the drought and flood prevention, check of soil run-off, watershed and land conservation, improvement of the people's recreational and emotional living, and maintenance and increase in the national health and sanitation. F. In conclusion, I would like to emphasize that the forestry sector exercices an important effect upon the national economy and that the effect of induced forestry output is greater than its direct income.

• 한국토양비료학회지
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• 제10권3호
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• pp.103-134
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• 1977

밭 작물에 대(對)한 칼리의 생리(生理) 및 생화학적(生化學的) 역할(役割)을 최근(最近) 연구결과(硏究結果)를 중심(中心)으로 검토(檢討)하였으며 우리나라 밭 작물(作物)의 가리영양(加里營養) 현황(現況)을 살펴봤다. 칼리이온의 물리화학적(物理化學的) 특성(特性)은 Na에 의(依)하여 완전(完全) 대체(代替) 불가능(不可能)함을 보이며 대부분(大部分)의 작물(作物)에서 Na의 K대체(代替)는 불가피(不可避)한 대체기능(代替機能)에 대(對)한 부분적(部分的) 대체(代替)에 불과(不過)한 것 같다. 칼리의 특이성(特異性)은 엽록체(葉綠體) thylacoid막(膜)과 같은 미세구조(微細構造)를 효율적(效率的) 구조(構造)로 유지(維持)하며 주(主)로 탄수화물(炭水化物)과 단백질(蛋白質) 대사(代謝)에 관계(關係)하는 제효소(諸酵素)들의 allosteric effector로, 효율적(效率的) conformation의 유지자(維持者)로 작용(作用)하는 것으로 보였다. 광인산화(光燐酸化) 반응(反應)과 산화적(酸化的) 인산반응(燐酸反應) 등(等) energy 대사(代謝)에 필수적(必須的) 존재(存在)로서 유기물(有機物)의 합성(合成)과 전류등(轉流等) 광범(廣範)한 energy 의존(依存) 생리작용(生理作用)에 관여(關與)하고 있다. 칼리는 삼투압(渗透壓) 및 교질(膠質)의 가수도(加水度)를 유지(維持)하여 수분흡수(水分吸收) 및 전류(轉流)의 동인(動因)으로 작용(作用)하여 생리작용(生理作用)의 최적환경(最適環境)을 만들며 수분효율(水分效率)을 높인다. 칼리는 무기양분(無機養分)의 흡수(吸收)와 체내분포(體內分布)에 영향(影響)을 주고 생산물의 품질향상(品質向上)에도 영향을 주며 생산품의 K함량자체(含量自體)가 인체(人體)에서의 K의 중요성(重要性)으로 품질평가(品質評價)의 기준(基準)이 될 것 같다. 칼리의 흡수(吸收)는 저온(低溫)에 의(依)해 크게 저해(沮害)받으며 내부(內部) 칼리 함량에 의(依)한 부(否)의 feedback기작(機作)이 있어서 칼리의 사치흡수는 재평가(再評價)되어야 할 것으로 보였다. 우리나라 토양(土壤)의 전가리(全加里)는 약(約) 3%이나 치환성(置換性)은 0.3me/100g으로 동해(凍害), 한해(寒害)와 불균일(不均一)한 강우(降雨)로 인(因)한 습해(濕害), 한해(旱害) 등(等)으로 모든 밭 작물(作物)에서 요구도(要求度)가 컸다. 대맥(大麥)은 결빙직전(結氷直前) 및 해빙(解氷) 직후(直後)의 K영양(營養)이 수량(收量)과 유의성(有意性) 상관(相關)을 보이며 곡실(穀實)로 많이 전류(轉流)되는 것이 좋았다. 대맥(大麥)의 가리이용률(加里利用率)은 27%, 대두(大豆)는 숙전(熟田)에서 58% 개간지(開墾地)에서 46%였다. 대두(大豆)는 야산(野山) 개발지(開發地)에서 특(特)히 가리(加里) 결핍증상(缺乏症狀)을 많이 보였으며 화아분화기(花芽分花期)에 엽(葉) 중(中) $K_2O$ 2% 이상(以上) K/(Ca+Mg) (함량비(含量比))비(比)는 1.0 이상(以上)이어야 할 것 같다. 고구마는 가리흡수력(加里吸收力)이 커서 후작(後作)의 K영양(營養)에 크게 영향(影響)을 주었다. 감자와 옥수수는 Ca와 Mg에 비(比)해 K가 특히 높았다. 가리결핍(加里缺乏) 고구마는 뿌리에서 K농도 차이가 가장 컸다. 당근, 가지, 배추, 고추, 무우, 도마도가 가리(加里) 함량(含量)이 많았으며 배추 수량(收量)은 가리(加里)와 정상관(正相關)이었다. 사료작물(飼料作物)의 가리(加里) 함량(含量)은 비교적(比較的) 높은 편이었으며 식물체(植物體) 중(中) N, P, Ca와 유의정상관(有意正相關)을 보였다. 과수원(果樹園)의 16~25%가 가리(加里) 부족(不足)으로 나타났으며 우량(優良) 사과밭과 배밭의 토양(土壤)과 엽(葉)은 가리(加里) 함량(含量)이 높았다. 뽕나무의 동해(凍害)에 의(依)한 가지 끝 고사방지(枯死防止)를 위(爲)한 엽(葉) 중(中) $K_2O/(CaO+MgO)$ 임계치(臨界値)는 0.95이었다. 밭 작물재배(作物栽培) 뒤의 토양(土壤) 중(中) 가리(加里)는 전작(前作)에 따라 증가(增加)되는 경우와 감소(減少)되는 경우가 있으며 가리(加里) 흡수(吸收)는 토양수분(土壤水分)에 존재(依存)하는 것 같다. 따라서 토양(土壤) 중(中)의 전가리(全加里)를 포함한 형태별(形態別) 가리(加里) 함량(含量)의 토질(土質), 기상(氣象), 작부체계(作付體系) 등(等) 제요인(諸要因)과 관련(關聯) 장기적(長期的)이고 정량적(定量的)인 조사(調査)가 필요(必要)하다. 가리(加里)의 추비(追肥), 심층시비(深層施肥) 또는 완용성(緩溶性) 비료(肥料)와 입상비료(粒狀肥料) 등(等)이 강우양상(降雨樣相)과 관련(關聯) 검토(檢討)됨으로써 K흡수(吸收) 및 효율(效率)을 증진(增進)시킬 수 있을 것 같다. 가리영양(加里營養)을 포함하여 밭 작물(作物)의 영양해석(營養解析)에는 다요인분석(多要因分析)에 의(依)한 합리적(合理的)이고 실용적(實用的)인 영양지표(營養指標)를 찾는데 경주(傾注)해야 할 것 같다.